Appendix B. Resources | Adobe InDesign CS2 @work: Projects You Can Use on the Job

anamorphic: Differing scale effects along perpendicular (x,y) axis applied to an image. It's the opposite of proportional scaling (equal effects on both axes).

anchored objects: Formerly known as inline graphics, these are objects attached to text that reflow with text as it is edited and reflowed.

aqueous coating: A water-based coating typically used all over a printed piece, as in a flood coated document. Because of its viscosity, it's difficult to limit it to specific areas.

back matter: The last pages in a long document that include appendixes, indexes, and any blank pages left at the back.

bleed: The area used to align objects needed to extend beyond the trimline of your printed document.

blending mode: Found in the Transparency palette, it allows you to mix objects together and have colors combine rather than replace each other in different ways.

calibrated: A device functioning up to its vendor's standards.

center spread: The center two pages of a publication.

characterized: Refers to the creation of a device profile, which is a description of the device's unique color rendering capabilities.

clipping path: A vector outline of a raster image that has the effect of creating a smooth edge while knocking out the background behind the outlined foreground.

CMYK: Process color that is the basic ink set for commercial printers. It stands for cyan, magenta, yellow, black. (K, instead of B, is used for black because B could mistakenly be thought to stand for blue.) CMYK is a subtractive color model that uses pigments to absorb colors from the visual spectrum. The remaining reflected colors of light determine how the human eye perceives the color in the printed piece. You can mix CMYK to form approximately 5,000 colors.

collapsible palette bays: The dock on the right side of the InDesign interface that allows floating palettes to be stored and slide out as needed.

collateral: A term used for printed materials used to present information about your business and its capabilities, products, or services.

color management: The process of controlling the rendition of color when multiple devices are involved.

Color palette: Contains a defined color list from which you can work for all your content.

color separations: The process of converting color art or continuous tone color photos into four process colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) for printing.

columns: Information placed vertically in a table.

compound: Created using Pathfinder operations or by selecting Object, Compound Paths, Make. Two or more selected objects are united and moved to the same plane. The appearance of the resulting object is determined by the options chosen.

constraining: Applying a constraint to shape or motion by holding down the Shift key.

content proof: A proof that represents a reasonable facsimile of the layout. It's used to approve content only and not for color correction.

cover: It's typically a separate or different substrate from the body of the publication, unless you're using a self-cover, meaning it's comprised of the same material as the body pages.

creep: The effect of pages not meeting equally at the face trim of a publication; it's seen most frequently in saddle-stitched binding.

data source: A file that contains your mailing data. It typically includes contact information such as the company name, contact information, address, and so on.

demographics: Characteristics of populations that identify consumer markets.

die cuts: A finishing technique that cuts stock in unusual shapes or edges by striking the stock with a metal die; it's popular in the commercial greeting card industry.

digital: A printing method that directly delivers pigment to the substrate using electrostatically charged toner, toner-slurry, or sprayed ink.

digital proofs: Proofs made from a digital output device. Unlike analog proofs, which require film, digital proofs are made directly from the digital file to a digital output device.

dingbat: A special type character that is graphical in nature.

drag copy: A keyboard shortcut for all Adobe products that allows the user to hold down either the Option or Alt key while an object is in motion, which will automatically create a duplicate or copy of the object.

drop cap: Not to be confused with an initial cap, a drop cap is a large character that drops down into the body of the paragraph. The lines in the paragraph wrap around it.

drop shadow: The simulation of a shadow offset in two directions.

duotones: A picture composed of two colors, typically black plus a spot color. These two colors are printed at different angles with black always printed on a 45° angle.

duplexed: A page printed on both sides via an output device (many copiers and network printers have this feature).

em space: The size of the letter m in the typeface and point size currently selected. So, an em space would equal 10 points if you were using 10-point type.

embossing: A finishing technique that lowers the surface of stock in a specific shape by striking the stock with a metal stamp.

EPS: Stands for Encapsulated PostScript: PostScript language artwork, which is a common file format for vector artwork.

feathering: Creating a faded, blurry effect around the edge of an image.

file link: Managed by the InDesign Links palette, this feature allows you to maintain a list of all the resources you've placed in your publication. Unless images are embedded (and this is not a recommended practice for application files), images are linked to the publication and only a low-resolution thumbnail preview is used within the InDesign file. This allows for efficient management of layout files.

fill: Solid color within an object.

flexographic: A printing method by which content is imaged onto a rubber plate that stretches to accommodate three-dimensional objects. It's well suited for packaging and labels but is not recommended for high-resolution printing or printing that requires substantial type.

foil stamping: A finishing technique that adds metallic foil to a specific area by stamping it into position. It's commonly seen on diplomas, religious materials, and even business cards.

fold lines: Marks used by commercial printers to tell the binder workers where to fold.

font: A digital version of a type family and its faces.

footnote: A note placed at the bottom of a page that cites a reference for something mentioned in the text.

front matter: The first pages in a long document that include publishing credits, a table of contents, an introduction, or a foreword.

fulfillment: The act of stocking or reserving preprinted material or inventory for use over a period of time.

full bleed: Printing beyond all the edges of a page to compensate for misregistration on press so that, when trimmed, color has printed all the way to the edge of the page.

gamut: A range or available palette of color.

gate fold: Generally symmetrical, with two or more panels folding into the center from opposing sides.

GIF: The Graphic Interchange Format, which is a web raster file format and one of the oldest web file formats.

group: A relationship of selected items that, when selected, all select and transform together. Grouped objects can be ungrouped, or individual elements can be accessed without ungrouping using the Direct Selection tool. In InDesign CS2, when grouped objects are selected, they are represented by a dotted outline.

gutter: A printing term that represents additional space required for perfect and case binding.

hard return: A line break that creates a new paragraph. It's created by pressing Enter.

hidden characters: Nonprinting characters that manage the position of text, including carriage returns, soft returns, tabs, spaces, and so on.

hyperlink: A link or reference from some point in one document to another document, another place in the same document, or a URL.

ICC profiles: The International Color Consortium is the governing body for color standards, and its profiles are the adopted methodology for characterizing devices and their color gamuts.

indentation: A paragraph command that moves all lines in a paragraph in from the left and right or the first line in from the left. A left indent moves all the lines of a paragraph in from the left. A right indent moves all the lines of a paragraphic in from the right. A first line indent moves the first line of a paragraph in from the left of the left indent.

index: A navigational device for long documents that assists the reader in finding a specific topic mentioned in the document.

inside cover: The text printed on the back (inside) page of the front cover.

interactive: An element that enables the user to interact with the file, not just read it.

intranet: An internal company website that is not available to the public.

job ticket: Documentation used by a print service provider to define the parameters of the production of a job. The job ticket typically includes the job number, client name, deadlines for all phases of production, finished size, number of pages, number of colors, binding and imposition requirements, color correction instructions, and so on.

JPEG: The Joint Photographic Experts Group. A compressed raster file format, it utilizes a lossy compression scheme that removes data to achieve compression.

justification: The adjustment of horizontal space throughout an entire paragraph. It handles letter and word spacing separately.

justified: Text that is horizontally or vertically aligned.

kerning: The horizontal adjustment of space between a pair of characters.

knockout/reverse: An object or text revealed by removing color (ink) from a background to reveal the paper color beneath. You may also see the term knockout defined as a silhouette.

l*a*b: The international color standard that measures lightness (the l), the green-red axis (the a), and the blue-yellow axis (the b).

lamination: A thin layer of a clear, protective material bonded to the surface of the substrate by applying both heat and pressure.

landscape: The horizontal, or wide, orientation of a printed piece.

layers: An organization tool that allows you to group elements into stacks and identify them, such as the content layer.

leaders: Characters that fill between the end of text and a tab stop. Typically, leaders are used in forms, tables of contents, and indexes. Leaders commonly appear as dots (for TOCs and indexes) or lines (for forms).

letter spacing: The adjustment of space between letters only, leaving word spacing alone.

libraries: The InDesign equivalent of a repository in the form of a separate file that, when opened, becomes a palette that holds frequently used objects such as text, graphics, and unassigned (neither text nor graphic, which is useful for basic object shapes).

master page: An underlying master layout that contains repeating elements on each normal page of your file, such as repeating column and ruler guides, headers and footers, and page numbers.

masthead: The title of the publication, which remains the same every time the publication is produced (for example, the masthead of every issue of Rolling Stone is "Rolling Stone").

merged document: The result of a data merge or the combination of the data source and target document. This is a completely separate document and does not affect the original layout.

metafile: A digital file format capable of containing both raster and vector graphics.

object styles: These are saved styles for graphical elements that include all sorts of attributes. They're found in the Object Styles palette menu or the Control palette.

offset: Method of printing that involves cylinders, a blanket, oily inks, and water. The image on the printing plate is first offset to a rubber blanket, and then the blanket transfers the image to the paperhence the term offset.

offset lithography: The most popular commercial printing process involving plates, blankets, cylinders, water, and ink.

OpenType: A new cross-platform font file format.

paper grain: The direction of cellulose fibers created in paper during the paper-making process.

paragraph rules: Lines that are attached to paragraphs and flow and resize as text moves through a text block(s).

paragraph styles: Predefined formats for paragraph text. Style can carry attributes including font, size, spacing, and hyphenation. They are useful for creating a consistent look within a publication or across several publications.

PDF: The Portable Document Format was innovated by Adobe systems for the purpose of easily distributing content. Its characteristics include self-contained resources and cross-platform compatibility.

PDF/x: A subset of the file format. PDF is designed for reliable prepress processing. It ensures the PDF contains correct content for this type of print workflow.

perfect binding: A binding method that requires extra space at the gutter to accommodate the bend or fold of the paper. The gutter edge is ground and glued. Examples include magazines and paperback books.

placeholder text: Dummy text used to create a template. It's useful when copy for a publication isn't readily available because it allows for the continued development of the publication pertaining to formatting text.

planning: Meeting with your print production vendor and any additional vendors in the production process about things such as binding, finishing, and mailing that will be involved in the job to preview the job and offer guidance for how to create the job so that it has optimum manufacturing success.

portrait: The vertical or tall orientation of a printed piece.

preflight: The act of verifying that all resource files are included with a digital project and validating that the files and layout are of sufficient quality so they can move forward into the print production workflow.

preset: Stored settings for later reuse.

printer's pairs: A publication's layout in imposition order so that when it is folded, cut, and bound, it reads correctly.

process colors: Colors made up of screen tints of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black printing inks.

proofs: Reasonable facsimiles or simulations of the expected printed outcome, such as content proofs, contract proofs, page proofs, and imposition proofs.

proxy: A mechanism on either the Control palette or Transformation palette that establishes the point of origin.

PSD: The Photoshop native file format, which can contain multiple layers and transparency.

quadtones: A picture composed of four colors, typically black plus three spot colors. These colors are printed at different angles with black always printed on a 45° angle.

raster: An image composed of an array of pixels arranged in rows and columns.

reader's pairs: A publication's layout in reading order.

RGB: It is projected colorthe basic light set for viewing instruments including monitors, televisions, projectors, and handheld devices. It stands for red, green, and blue. These are the colors the human eye identifies, or perceives. RGB is an additive color model that uses light to mix from the visual spectrum. You can mix these colors to form approximately 16 million colors.

rows: Information placed horizontally in a table.

scoring: The process of mechanically creasing the paper to facilitate folding while guarding against cracking of paper and board. This is essential when heavy (thick) papers are folded.

self-mailer: A marketing piece that is mailed without an envelope. It includes a return address, an addressee, and some form of postage. Examples of this are postcards, newsletters, catalogues, and so on.

serigraphic: This printing method, also called screen, transfers an image to a screen (synthetic or natural fiber) that has been stretched over a frame. The image is etched in a chemical emulsion, blocks ink in certain areas, and lets ink through in others. The screen itself acts as the carrier for the ink, which is pushed through the mesh with a squeegee onto the substrate underneath. It's recommended for a variety of substrates (signage), cloth, and specialty items.

small caps: A style of typeface in which the first character is a true, standard height capital and the remaining letters are capital in smaller scale. In InDesign small caps are set to 70% of actual size. This percentage can be adjusted in the Advanced Type Preferences.

soft return: A line break that doesn't create a new paragraph. It's created by pressing Shift+Enter.

spot color: A special ink, other than cyan, yellow, magenta, and black (which are process colors), given its own unit on the printing press. These inks are developed and manufactured by companies such as PANTONE and Toyo. They are designed to expand the color gamut of process inks beyond the 5,000+ colors that can be mixed with process colors. Colors that are difficult to create from process inks, such as oranges, navy blues, metallics, and pastels, can be achieved with these special inks.

spot varnishes: Clear coating in specific areas to give the image greater emphasis.

stock photography: Noncopyrighted images made available for purchase.

stroke: A line or frame containing both color and weight properties, which straddles the vector or outline of an object. Strokes are applied to a table to visually divide the data.

subscript: The opposite of superscript, it sets a character below and to the side of another characterfor example, H₂O.

substrate: A broader term than stock, it refers to the substance upon which you printpaper, cloth, glass, and so on.

superscript: To set a character above and to the side of another character and at a reduced sizefor example, X².

SVG: The Scalable Vector Graphics file format, which creates a vector graphic file format intended for web graphics.

swatches: Saved color definitions.

SWF: Shockwave Flash, a Macromedia file format that creates scalable and compact web graphics and is well suited for interactive, animated web graphics.

table: Another formatting device used to line up information in both a horizontal and vertical manner. Tables allow for the organization of data or information in an easy-to-read format.

tabs: Physical stops placed on a ruler. Each stop is characterized by its own alignment properties. When the Tab key is pressed to move to a stop, those alignment properties cause the text to move in a specific direction and create alignment or columns.

tagging: to apply a characteristic to an element as used throughout this book as in to tag an object with a colored fill or to tag some text with a paragraph style. Interchangeable with the word "apply."

target document: The layout created to receive the data.

template: A standard document preset with layout, graphics, and text.

text wrap: A floating palette that enables you to control the flow of text around another element as opposed to text flowing on top of or underneath an element. This feature creates interesting visual effects with type by creating a boundary around an object that repels text away.

thread: When you thread text, you take blocks of text and link them together for the purpose of flowing text on a page or throughout the pages of a file.

TIFF: The Tagged Image File Format is a raster file format primarily found in print workflows.

TOC: stands for table of contents, which generally expresses broad categories of a publication's organization.

tracking: The horizontal adjustment of space across highlighted text.

transformation: A function that changes the position or direction of the axes of an element.

transparency: The degree of opacity found in an element.

trapping: The compensation for press misregistration by expanding or retracting abutting colors in a layout.

tritones: A picture composed of three colors, typically black plus two spot colors. These colors are printed at different angles with black always printed on a 45° angle.

type family: A group of typefaces within the same design pattern, such as Palatino Roman, Palatino Bold, and Palatino Italic.

typeface: Variations within a type family.

UV: 1) Ultraviolet ink used for outdoor signage because it resists the elements, particularly fading. 2) An ultraviolet coating used to protect a printed piece from light damage.

varnish: A common coating typically used to highlight specific areas of a printed piece, commonly used on coated stock.

vector: Object-oriented graphics represented as separate shapes using outlines of lines, arcs, and curves.

Vellum: A type of stock or paper made up of fibers that make the paper translucent.

wide format: An industry term referring to roll-fed, wide inkjet plotters used for large or oversize pieces, typically posters, banners, and signage.

word spacing: The adjustment of space between words only, leaving letter spacing alone.

XML: The Extensible Markup Language is used to repurpose content particularly for the Web, but it can be used to tag any document structure.