Intel and AMD Processor Configurations

The following sections provide detailed information on x86 and Itanium processors used in servers. You can use these sections to help plan upgrades, determine which servers are most suitable for a particular task, decide which servers may need to be retired, and plan your next server purchase or server building project.

For detailed information on other forms of RISC-based processors used in servers, see "RISC-Based Server Processors," p. 130.

Pentium Pro Processors

The Pentium Pro, which was introduced in November) 1995 and became widely available in 1996, was the first x86 processor developed primarily for use as a server processor. Because it was optimized for 32-bit processing, it actually performed more slowly than the existing Pentium when running 16-bit applications. In addition to single-processor designs, various vendors developed two-way, four-way, and eight-way configurations. As Table 2.16 indicates, the Pentium Pro processor was available with 256KB, 512KB, or 1MB of full-speed L2 cache. The larger cache sizes were favored for server applications.

Table 2.16. Pentium Pro General Specifications

Introduction date	November 1995
Maximum rated speeds	150MHz, 166MHz, 180MHz, 200MHz
CPU	2.5x, 3x
Internal registers	32-bit
External data bus	64-bit
Memory address bus	36-bit
Addressable memory	64GB
Virtual memory	64TB
Integral L1 cache size	8KB code, 8KB data (16KB total)
Integrated L2 cache bus	64-bit, full-core speed
Socket/Slot	Socket 8
Physical package	387-pin dual cavity PGA
Package dimensions	2.46 (6.25cm)x2.66 (6.76cm)
Math coprocessor	Built-in FPU
Power management	System Management Mode (SMM)
Operating voltage	3.1V or 3.3V

Table 2.16 lists the general specifications for various models of the Pentium Pro. Table 2.17 lists specifications by processor model.

Table 2.17. Pentium Pro Processor Specifications, by Processor Model

Pentium Pro Processor (200MHz) with 1MB Integrated Level 2 Cache
Introduction date	August 18, 1997
Clock speed	200MHz
FSB speed	66MHz
CPU clock ratio	3x
Number of transistors	5.5 million (0.35-micron process), plus 62 million in 1MB L2 cache (0.35-micron)
Cache memory	8Kx2 (16KB) L1, 1MB core-speed L2
Die size	0.552 (14.0mm)
Pentium Pro Processor (200MHz)
Introduction date	November 1, 1995
Clock speed	200MHz
FSB speed	66MHz
CPU clock ratio	3x
Number of transistors	5.5 million (0.35-micron process), plus 15.5 million in 256KB L2 cache (0.6-micron), or 31 million in 512KB L2 cache (0.35-micron)
Cache memory	8Kx2 (16KB) L1, 256KB or 512KB core-speed L2
Die size	0.552 inch per side (14.0mm)
Pentium Pro Processor (180MHz)
Introduction date	November 1, 1995
Clock speed	180MHz
FSB speed	60MHz
CPU clock ratio	3x
Number of transistors	5.5 million (0.35-micron process), plus 15.5 million in 256KB L2 cache (0.6-micron)
Cache memory	8Kx2 (16KB) L1, 256KB core-speed L2
Die size	0.552 inch per side (14.0mm)
Pentium Pro Processor (166MHz)
Introduction date	November 1, 1995
Clock speed	166MHz
FSB speed	66MHz
CPU clock ratio	2.5x
Number of transistors	5.5 million (0.35-micron process), plus 31 million in 512KB L2 cache (0.35-micron)
Cache memory	8Kx2 L1, 512KB core-speed L2
Die size	0.552 inch per side (14.0mm)
Pentium Pro Processor (150MHz)
Introduction date	November 1, 1995
Clock speed	150MHz
FSB speed	60MHz
CPU clock ratio	2.5x
Number of transistors	5.5 million (0.6-micron process), plus 15.5 million in 256KB L2 cache (0.6-micron)
Cache memory	8Kx2 speed L2
Die size	0.691 inch per side (17.6mm)

Figure 2.36 shows the underside of the Pentium Pro processor with 256KB of L2 cache, and Figure 2.37 shows the underside of the Pentium Pro processor with 1MB of L2 cache.

Figure 2.36. Pentium Pro processor with 256KB L2 cache; the cache is on the left side of the processor die. (Photograph used by permission of Intel Corporation.)

Figure 2.37. Pentium Pro processor with 1MB L2 cache; the cache is in the center and right portions of the die. (Photograph used by permission of Intel Corporation.)

The main processor die includes a 16KB split L1 cache with an 8KB two-way set-associative cache for primary instructions and an 8KB four-way set-associative cache for data. The Pentium Pro introduced the DIB architecture used in subsequent processors from Intel and AMD. Two buses made up the DIB architecture: the L2 cache bus (contained entirely within the processor package) and the processor-to-main memory system bus. The speed of the dedicated L2 cache bus on the Pentium Pro was equal to the full-core speed of the processor. This was accomplished by embedding the cache chips directly into the Pentium Pro package, as shown in Figures 2.36 and 2.37. The DIB processor bus architecture addressed processor-to-memory bus bandwidth limitations. It offered up to three times the performance bandwidth of the single-bus, "Socket 7"generation processors, such as the Pentium.

Pentium II Processors

The Pentium II processor, introduced in May 1997, was designed, in part, as a lower-cost follow-up to the Pentium Pro. Instead of using expensive on-die full-speed L2 cache, as in the Pentium Pro, the Pentium II's 512KB of L2 cache is off-die, attached to the processor assembly, and runs at half the processor's core speed. Because the Pentium II was aimed primarily at the desktop processor market, it was not designed to scale above a two-way configuration. The Pentium II Xeon was used for more powerful server configurations. However, many two-way Pentium II servers were built for entry-level tasks. The Pentium II uses Slot 1, rather than Socket 8, as was used by the Pentium Pro.

Although the Pentium II was suitable for use in single- or dual-processor server configurations, some versions were better optimized for this task than others. Table 2.18 lists only the Pentium II processor versions that can cache up to 4GB of RAM and support ECC L2 cache. Versions that cache only 512MB of RAM drop in performance if more than 512MB of RAM is installed, and versions that lack ECC support in L2 cache might cache corrupt memory contents, causing system errors or a system crash when cache memory is accessed.

Table 2.18. Pentium II Processor Identification Information^[1]

S-Spec	Core Stepping	CPUID Bus Speed	Core/Cache Size (MHz)	L2 Cache Type (MB)	L2 Package	CPU
SL35V[2],[3]	dA1	0651h	300/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2QH[2],[3]	dA1	0651h	333/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2S5[3],[5]	dA1	0651h	333/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2ZP[3],[5]	dA1	0651h	333/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2ZQ[3],[5]	dA1	0651h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2S6[3],[5]	dA1	0651h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2S7[3],[5]	dA1	0651h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2SF[2],[3]	dA1	0651h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2SH[2],[3]	dA1	0651h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2VY[2],[3]	dA1	0651h	300/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL33D[2],[3]	dB0	0652h	266/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2YK[2],[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	300/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2WZ[2],[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2YM[2],[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL37G[2],[3],[4]	dB0	0652h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC2 OLGA
SL2WB[2],[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	450/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL37H[2],[3]	dB0	0652h	450/100	512	ECC	SECC2 OLGA
SL2W7[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	266/66	512	ECC	SECC 2.00
SL2W8[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	300/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2TV[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	333/66	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2U3[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2U4[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2U5[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2U6[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL2U7[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	450/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL356[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC2 PLGA
SL357[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC2 OLGA
SL358[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	450/100	512	ECC	SECC2 OLGA
SL37F[2],[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC2 PLGA
SL3FN[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC2 OLGA
SL3EE[3],[5]	dB0	0652h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC2 PLGA
SL3F9[2],[3]	dB0	0652h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC2 PLGA
SL38M[2],[3],[5]	dB1	0653h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL38N[2],[3],[5]	dB1	0653h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL36U[3],[5]	dB1	0653h	350/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL38Z[3],[5]	dB1	0653h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC 3.00
SL3D5[2],[3]	dB1	0653h	400/100	512	ECC	SECC2 OLGA

^[1] Key: CPUID = the internal ID returned by the CPUID instruction; ECC = error correcting code; OLGA = organic land grid array; PLGA = plastic land grid array; SECC = single-edge contact cartridge; and SECC2 = single-edge contact cartridge, revision 2.

^[2] This is a boxed Pentium II processor with an attached fan heatsink.

^[3] This processor has an enhanced L2 cache, which can cache up to 4GB of main memory. Other standard PII processors can cache only up to 512MB of main memory.

^[5] This part operates only at the specified clock multiplier frequency ratio at which it was manufactured. It can be overclocked only by increasing the bus speed.

^[4] This is a boxed Pentium II OverDrive processor with an attached fan heatsink, designed for upgrading Pentium Pro (Socket 8) systems.

See "Single-Edge Contact Cartridge Packaging," p. 67, for processor package and slot details and pictures.

Pentium II Xeon

The Pentium II Xeon, introduced in June 1998, is an advanced version of the Pentium II that was designed to support up to eight-way operation, featuring larger and faster L2 cache than the standard Pentium II. The Pentium II Xeon uses Slot 2, rather than Slot 1, as with the Pentium II.

See "Single-Edge Contact Cartridge Packaging," p. 67, for processor package and slot details and pictures.

The Pentium II Xeon processors were produced in four variationswith 256KB, 512KB, 1MB, or 2MB of L2 cache. Even more significant than the size of the cache is its speed. All the cache memory in the Pentium II Xeon processors runs at the full-core speed. This is difficult to do, considering that the cache chips are separate chips on the board in Slot 2based versions. The original Pentium II Xeon processors had 7.5 million transistors in the main processor die. The L2 cache in all Pentium II Xeon processors has a full 64GB RAM address range and supports ECC.

Table 2.19 provides the specifications of the Pentium II Xeon.

Table 2.19. Pentium II Xeon Specifications

S-Spec	Core Steppings	CPUID	Core Speed (MHz)	Bus Speed (MHz)	L2 Cache Size (KB)
SL2RH	B0	0652h	400	100	512
SL344	B0	0652h	400	100	512
SL2NB	B0	0652h	400	100	1024
SL345	B0	0652h	400	100	1024
SL34H	B1	0653h	400	100	512
SL35N	B1	0653h	400	100	512
SL35P	B1	0653h	400	100	1024
SL34J	B1	0653h	400	100	1024
SL354[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	512
SL36W[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	512
SL2XJ[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	512
SL33T[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	512
SL33U[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	1024
SL2XK[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	1024
SL2XL[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	2048
SL33V[1]	B1	0653h	450	100	2048

^[1] Error checking and correcting (ECC) for the L2 cache transactions cannot be disabled on these processors.

Pentium III Processors

The Pentium III processor, introduced in 1999, is an improved version of the Pentium II processor, supporting higher clock speeds and higher memory speeds. Early versions of the Pentium III used the same SECC2 cartridge packaging and Slot 1 connector used by the Pentium II.

See "Single-Edge Contact Cartridge Packaging," p. 67, for processor package and slot details and pictures.

Later versions of the Pentium III switched to an FC-PGA packaging compatible with Socket 370 (a development of the socket design originally created for use with the Celeron).

All versions of the Pentium III that contain 512KB of L2 cache can be used in multiple-processor configurations. However, late releases of the Pentium III that use the .13-micron process with 256KB of L2 cache onboard (code-named Tualatin) are not compatible with multiple-processor configurations. Pentium IIIbased servers are configured as single-processor or two-way systems.

Note

Although a few servers with four physical Pentium III processors onboard exist, such as the NEC Express5800 320La, these systems use the third and fourth processors as redundant spares for the first two processors.

Table 2.20 lists the technical specifications for the various models of the Pentium III processor.

Table 2.20. Intel Pentium III Processor Variations^[1]

Speed (MHz)	Bus Speed (MHz)	Multiplier	Boxed CPU S-Spec	OEM CPU S-Spec	Stepping	CPUID	L2 Cache	L2 Speed	Max. Temp. (C)	Voltage	Max. Power (W)	Process (Microns)	Transistors	Package
450	100	4.5x	SL3CC	SL364	kB0	0672	512K	225	90	2.00	25.3	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
450	100	4.5x	SL37C	SL35D	kC0	0673	512K	225	90	2.00	25.3	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
500	100	5x	SL3CD	SL365	kB0	0672	512K	250	90	2.00	28.0	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
500	100	5x	SL365	SL365	kB0	0672	512K	250	90	2.00	28.0	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
500	100	5x	SL37D	SL35E	kC0	0673	512K	250	90	2.00	28.0	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
500E	100	5x	SL3R2	SL3Q9	cA2	0681	256K	500	85	1.60	13.2	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
500E	100	5x	SL45R	SL444	cB0	0683	256K	500	85	1.60	13.2	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
533B	133	4x	SL3E9	SL3BN	kC0	0673	512K	267	90	2.05	29.7	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
533EB	133	4x	SL3SX	SL3N6	cA2	0681	256K	533	85	1.65	14.0	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
533EB	133	4x	SL3VA	SL3VF	cA2	0681	256K	533	85	1.65	14.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
533EB	133	4x	SL44W	SL3XG	cB0	0683	256K	533	85	1.65	14.0	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
533EB	133	4x	SL45S	SL3XS	cB0	0683	256K	533	85	1.65	14.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
550	100	5.5x	SL3FJ	SL3F7	kC0	0673	512K	275	80	2.00	30.8	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
550E	100	5.5x	SL3R3	SL3QA	cA2	0681	256K	550	85	1.60	14.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
550E	100	5.5x	SL3V5	SL3N7	cA2	0681	256K	550	85	1.60	14.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
550E	100	5.5x	SL44X	SL3XH	cB0	0683	256K	550	85	1.60	14.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
550E	100	5.5x	SL45T	N/A	cB0	0683	256K	550	85	1.60	14.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
600	100	6x	SL3JT	SL3JM	kC0	0673	512K	300	85	2.00	34.5	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
600E	100	6x	SL3NA	SL3H6	cA2	0681	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
600E	100	6x	SL3NL	SL3VH	cA2	0681	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
600E	100	6x	SL44Y	SL43E	cB0	0683	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
600E	100	6x	SL45U	SL3XU	cB0	0683	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
600E	100	6x	N/A	SL4CM	cC0	0686	256K	600	82	1.7	15.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
600E	100	6x	N/A	SL4C7	cC0	0686	256K	600	82	1.7	15.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
600B	133	4.5x	SL3JU	SL3JP	kC0	0673	512K	300	85	2.05	34.5	0.25	9.5M	SECC2
600EB	133	4.5x	SL3NB	SL3H7	cA2	0681	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
600EB	133	4.5x	SL3VB	SL3VG	cA2	0681	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
600EB	133	4.5x	SL44Z	SL3XJ	cB0	0683	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
600EB	133	4.5x	SL45V	SL3XT	cB0	0683	256K	600	82	1.65	15.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
600EB	133	4.5x	SL4CL	SL4CL	cC0	0686	256K	600	82	1.7	15.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
600EB	133	4.5x	N/A	SL46C	cC0	0686	256K	600	82	1.7	15.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
650	100	6.5x	SL3NR	SL3KV	cA2	0681	256K	650	82	1.65	17.0	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
650	100	6.5x	SL3NM	SL3VJ	cA20	681	256K	650	82	1.65	17.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
650	100	6.5x	SL452	SL3XK	cB0	0683	256K	650	82	1.65	17.0	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
650	100	6.5x	SL45W	SL3XV	cB0	0683	256K	650	82	1.65	17.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
650	100	6.5x	N/A	SL4CK	cC0	0686	256K	650	82	1.7	17.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
650	100	6.5x	N/A	SL4C5	cC0	0686	256K	650	82	1.7	17.0	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
667	133	5x	SL3ND	SL3KW	cA2	0681	256K	667	82	1.65	17.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
667	133	5x	SL3T2	SL3VK	cA2	0681	256K	667	82	1.65	17.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
667	133	5x	SL453	SL3XL	cB0	0683	256K	667	82	1.65	17.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
667	133	5x	SL45X	SL3XW	cB0	0683	256K	667	82	1.65	17.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
667	133	5x	N/A	SL4CJ	cC0	0686	256K	667	82	1.7	17.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
667	133	5x	N/A	SL4C4	cC0	0686	256K	667	82	1.7	17.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
700	100	7x	SL3SY	SL3S9	cA2	0681	256K	700	80	1.65	18.3	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
700	100	7x	SL3T3	SL3VL	cA2	0681	256K	700	80	1.65	18.3	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
700	100	7x	SL454	SL453	cB0	0683	256K	700	80	1.65	18.3	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
700	100	7x	SL45Y	SL3XX	cB0	0683	256K	700	80	1.65	18.3	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
700	100	7x	SL4M7	SL4CH	cC0	0686	256K	700	80	1.7	18.3	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
700	100	7x	N/A	SL4C3	cC0	0686	256K	700	80	1.7	18.3	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
733	133	5.5x	SL3SZ	SL3SB	cA2	0681	256K	733	80	1.65	19.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
733	133	5.5x	SL3T4	SL3VM	cA2	0681	256K	733	80	1.65	19.1	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
733	133	5.5x	SL455	SL3XN	cB0	0683	256K	733	80	1.65	19.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
733	133	5.5x	SL45Z	SL3XY	cB0	0683	256K	733	80	1.65	19.1	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
733	133	5.5x	SL4M8	SL4CG	cC0	0686	256K	733	80	1.7	19.1	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
733	133	5.5x	SL4KD	SL4C2	cC0	0686	256K	733	80	1.7	19.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
733	133	5.5x	SL4FQ	SL4CX	cC0	0686	256K	733	80	1.7	19.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
750	100	7.5x	SL3V6	SL3WC	cA2	0681	256K	750	80	1.65	19.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
750	100	7.5x	SL3VC	SL3VN	cA2	0681	256K	750	80	1.65	19.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
750	100	7.5x	SL456	SL3XP	cB0	0683	256K	750	80	1.65	19.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
750	100	7.5x	SL462	SL3XZ	cB0	0683	256K	750	80	1.65	19.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
750	100	7.5x	SL4M9	SL4CF	cC0	0686	256K	750	80	1.7	19.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
750	100	7.5x	SL4KE	SL4BZ	cC0	0686	256K	750	80	1.7	19.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
800	100	8x	SL457	SL3XR	cB0	0683	256K	800	80	1.65	20.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
800	100	8x	SL463	SL3Y3	cB0	0683	256K	800	80	1.65	20.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
800	100	8x	SL4MA	SL4CE	cC0	0686	256K	800	80	1.7	20.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
800	100	8x	SL4KF	SL4BY	cC0	0686	256K	800	80	1.7	20.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
800EB	133	6x	SL458	SL3XQ	cB0	0683	256K	800	80	1.65	20.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
800EB	133	6x	SL464	SL3Y2	cB0	0683	256K	800	80	1.65	20.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
800EB	133	6x	SL4MB	SL4CD	cC0	0686	256K	800	80	1.7	20.8	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
800EB	133	6x	SL4G7	SL4XQ	cC0	0686	256K	800	80	1.7	20.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
800EB	133	6x	SL4KG	SL4BX	cC0	0686	256K	800	80	1.7	20.8	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
850	100	8.5x	SL47M	SL43F	cB0	0683	256K	850	80	1.65	22.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
850	100	8.5x	SL49G	SL43H	cB0	0683	256K	850	80	1.65	22.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
850	100	8.5x	SL4MC	SL4CC	cC0	0686	256K	850	80	1.7	22.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
850	100	8.5x	SL4KH	SL4BW	cC0	0686	256K	850	80	1.7	22.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
866	133	6.5x	SL47N	SL43G	cB0	0683	256K	866	80	1.65	22.9	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
866	133	6.5x	SL49H	SL43J	cB0	0683	256K	866	80	1.65	22.9	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
866	133	6.5x	SL4MD	SL4CB	cC0	0686	256K	866	80	1.7	22.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
866	133	6.5x	SL4KJ	SL4BV	cC0	0686	256K	866	80	1.7	22.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
866	133	6.5x	SL5B5	SL5QE	cD0	068A	256K	866	80	1.75	26.1	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
900	100	9x	N/A	SL4SD	cC0	0686	256K	900	75	1.7	23.2	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
933	133	7x	SL47Q	SL448	cB0	0683	256K	933	75	1.7	25.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
933	133	7x	SL49J	SL44J	cB0	0683	256K	933	75	1.7	24.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
933	133	7x	SL4ME	SL4C9	cC0	0686	256K	933	75	1.7	24.5	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
933	133	7x	SL4KK	SL4BT	cC0	0686	256K	933	75	1.7	25.5	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
933	133	7x	N/A	SL5QF	cD0	068A	256K	933	77	1.75	27.3	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1000B	133	7.5x	SL4FP	SL48S	cB0	0683	256K	1000	70	1.7	26.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
1000B	133	7.5x	SL4C8	SL4C8	cC0	0686	256K	1000	70	1.7	26.1	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1000B	133	7.5x	SL4MF	N/A	cC0	0686	256K	1000	70	1.7	26.1	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1000	100	10x	SL4BR	SL4BR	cC0	0686	256K	1000	70	1.7	26.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
1000	100	10x	SL4KL	N/A	cC0	0686	256K	1000	70	1.7	26.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
1000B	133	7.5x	SL4BS	SL4BS	cC0	0686	256K	1000	70	1.7	26.1	0.18	28.1M	SECC2
1000B	100	10x	N/A	SL5QV	cD0	068A	256K	1000	75	1.75	29.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1000B	133	7.5x	SL5DV	N/A	cD0	068A	256K	1000	75	1.75	29.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1000B	133	7.5x	SL5B3	SL5B3	cD0	068A	256K	1000	75	1.75	29.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1000B	133	7.5x	SL52R	SL52R	cD0	068A	256K	1000	75	1.75	29.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1000B	133	7.5x	SL5FQ	N/A	cD0	068A	256K	1000	75	1.75	29.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1100	100	11x	N/A	SL5QW	cD0	068A	256K	1100	77	1.75	33.0	0.18	28.1M	FC-PGA
1133	133	8.5x	SL5LT	N/A	tA1	06B1	256K	1133	69	1.475	29.1	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1133	133	8.5x	SL5GQ	SL5GQ	tA1	06B1	256K	1133	69	1.475	29.1	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1133-S	133	8.5x	SL5LV	N/A	tA1	06B1	512K	1133	69	1.45	27.9	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1133-S	133	8.5x	SL5PU	SL5PU	tA1	06B1	512K	1133	69	1.45	27.9	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1200	133	9x	SL5GN	SL5GN	tA1	06B1	256K	1200	69	1.475	29.9	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1200	133	9x	SL5PM	N/A	tA1	06B1	256K	1200	69	1.475	29.9	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1266-S	133	9.5x	SL5LW	SL5QL	tA1	06B1	512K	1266	69	1.45	29.5	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1333	133	10x	N/A	SL5VX	tA1	06B1	256K	1333	69	1.475	29.9	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2
1400-S	133	10.5x	SL657	SL5XL	tA1	06B1	512K	1400	69	1.45	29.9	0.13	44M	FC-PGA2

^[1] Key: CPUID = the internal ID returned by the CPUID instruction; ECC = error correcting code; FC-PGA = flip-chip pin grid array; FC-PGA2 = flip-chip pin grid array, revision 2; SECC = single-edge contact cartridge; and SECC2 = single-edge contact cartridge, revision 2.

Pentium III Xeon

The Pentium III Xeon is an improved version of the Pentium II Xeon. Initial versions with external L2 cache chips included 9.5 million transistors. The Pentium III Xeon, like the Pentium III, later switched to on-die L2 cache. However, unlike the standard Pentium III, the Pentium III Xeon continued to use a slot-based design.

When the Pentium III versions with on-die cache were released, the transistor count went up to 28.1 million transistors in the 256KB cache version, 84 million transistors in the 1MB cache version, and a whopping 140 million transistors in the latest 2MB cache version, setting an industry record at the time. The high transistor counts are due to the on-die L2 cache, which is very transistor intensive. As with the Pentium II Xeon, the L2 cache in all Pentium III Xeon processors has a full 64GB RAM address range and supports ECC.

To improve reliability over that of the Pentium II Xeon, the Pentium III Xeon has an SMBus interface and a thermal sensor. These are used along with the additional signals in the SC330 connector to monitor the processor's operation.

Most versions of the Pentium III Xeon use SC330 (Slot 2) or an improved version known as SC330.1. However, a few late-model Pentium III Xeon processors use a 495-pin SECC connector in a proprietary cartridge. These were used as OEM products in multiprocessor-capable servers such as the Dell PowerEdge 4400. Dell configures the processors to run as primary or secondary processors, so you must order processors for this and similar models from Dell. Table 2.21 lists the specifications of all Pentium III Xeon processors.

Table 2.21. Pentium III Xeon Specifications

S-Spec Number	Step	Processor Signature	Core Speed (MHz)	FSB Speed (MHz)	L2 Size (KB)	Slot or Socket Type
SL2XU	B0	0672h	500	100	512	SC330
SL2XV	B0	0672h	500	100	1024	SC330
SL2XW	B0	0672h	500	100	2048	SC330
SL385	C0	0673h	500	100	512	SC330
SL386	C0	0673h	500	100	1024	SC330
SL387	C0	0673h	500	100	2048	SC330
SL3C9	B0	0672h	500	100	512	SC330
SL3CA	B0	0672h	500	100	1024	SC330
SL3CB	B0	0672h	500	100	2048	SC330
SL3D9	C0	0673h	500	100	512	SC330
SL3DA	C0	0673h	500	100	1024	SC330
SL3DB	C0	0673h	500	100	2048	SC330
SL3AJ	C0	0673h	550	100	512	SC330
SL3CE	C0	0673h	550	100	1024	SC330
SL3CF	C0	0673h	550	100	2048	SC330
SL3FK[1]	C0	0673h	550	100	512	SC330
SL3FR[1]	C0	0673h	550	100	512	SC330
SL3LM	C0	0673h	550	100	512	SC330
SL3LN	C0	0673h	550	100	1024	SC330
SL3LP	C0	0673h	550	100	2048	SC330
SL3TW	C0	0673h	550	100	1024	SC330
SL3Y4	C0	0673h	550	100	512	SC330
SL3BJ	A2	0681h	600	133	256	SC330.1
SL3BK	A2	0681h	600	133	256	SC330.1
SL3SS	A2	0681h	600	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WM	B0	0683h	600	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WN	B0	0683h	600	133	256	SC330.1
SL3BL	A2	0681h	667	133	256	SC330.1
SL3DC	A2	0681h	667	133	256	SC330.1
SL3ST	A2	0681h	667	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WP	B0	0683h	667	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WQ	B0	0683h	667	133	256	SC330.1
SL3U4[2]	A0	06A0h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL3U5[2]	A0	06A0h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL3WZ[2]	A0	06A0h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL3X2[2]	A0	06A0h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL49P	A1	6A1h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL49Q	A1	6A1h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL49R	A1	6A1h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL49S	A1	6A1h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL4GD[3]	A0	06A0h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL4GE[3]	A0	06A0h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL4GF[3]	A0	06A0h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL4GG[3]	A0	06A0h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL4R3	A1	6A1h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL4RZ	A1	6A1h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL4XU	B0	6A4h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL4XV	B0	6A4h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL4XW	B0	6A4h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL4XX	B0	6A4h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL5D4	B0	6A4h	700	100	1024	SC330.1
SL5D5	B0	6A4h	700	100	2048	SC330.1
SL3SF	A2	0681h	733	133	256	SC330.1
SL3SG	A2	0681h	733	133	256	SC330.1
SL3SU	A2	0681h	733	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WR	B0	0683h	733	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WS	B0	0683h	733	133	256	SC330.1
SL4H6	C0	0686h	733	133	256	SC330.1
SL4H7	C0	0686h	733	133	256	495-pin SECC
SL3V2	A2	0681h	800	133	256	SC330.1
SL3V3	A2	0681h	800	133	256	SC330.1
SL3VU	A2	0681h	800	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WT	B0	0683h	800	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WU	B0	0683h	800	133	256	SC330.1
SL4H8	C0	0686h	800	133	256	SC330.1
SL4H9	C0	0686h	800	133	256	495-pin SECC
SL3WV	B0	0683h	866	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WW	B0	0683h	866	133	256	SC330.1
SL4HA	C0	0686h	866	133	256	SC330.1
SL4HB	C0	0686h	866	133	256	495-pin SECC
SL4PZ	B0	0683h	866	133	256	SC330.1
SL4U2	C0	0686h	866	133	256	SC330.1
SL4XY	B0	6A4h	900	100	2048	SC330.1
SL4XZ	B0	6A4h	900	100	2048	SC330.1
SL5D3	B0	6A4h	900	100	2048	SC330.1
SL3WX	B0	0683h	933	133	256	SC330.1
SL3WY	B0	0683h	933	133	256	SC330.1
SL4HC	C0	0686h	933	133	256	495-pin SECC
SL4HD	C0	0686h	933	133	256	495-pin SECC
SL4R9	C0	0686h	933	133	256	SC330.1
SL4HE	C0	0686h	1000	133	256	495-pin SECC
SL4HF	C0	0686h	1000	133	256	495-pin SECC
SL4Q2	C0	0686h	1000	133	256	495-pin SECC

^[1] Processors validated for use in two-way systems only.

^[2] Should not be mixed with processors designated by footnote 3 due to differences in AGTL+ reference voltage.

^[3] Should not be mixed with processors designated by footnote 2 due to differences in AGTL+ reference voltage.

Pentium 4 Processors

The Pentium 4, introduced in 2000, is the most popular of Intel's current desktop processors. Like its predecessors, it has also been adapted for use in single-processor low-end servers. However, unlike the Pentium II and Pentium III, the Pentium 4 does not support multiple-processor configurations. Initially, the Pentium 4 was produced in a Socket 423 version (originally code-named Willamette), but updated versions used Socket 478, with the most recent steppings designed for use with Socket 775.

Internally, the Pentium 4 introduces a new architecture Intel calls NetBurst microarchitecture, which is more a marketing term than a technical one. Intel uses NetBurst to describe hyper-pipelined technology, a rapid execution engine, a high-speed (400MHz, 533MHz, or 800MHz) system bus, and an execution trace cache. The hyper-pipelined technology doubles the instruction pipeline depth compared to the Pentium III, which means more and smaller steps are required to execute instructions. Even though this might seem less efficient, it enables much higher clock speeds to be more easily attained. The rapid execution engine enables the two integer arithmetic logic units (ALUs) to run at twice the processor core frequency, which means instructions can execute in half a clock cycle. The 400MHz/533MHz/800MHz system bus is a quad-pumped bus running on a 100MHz/133MHz/200MHz system clock, transferring data four times per clock cycle. The execution trace cache is a high-performance L1 cache that stores approximately 12,000 decoded micro-operations. This removes the instruction decoder from the main execution pipeline, increasing performance.

The high-speed processor bus is most notable of the Pentium 4's features. Technically speaking, the processor bus is a 100MHz, 133MHz, or 200MHz quad-pumped bus that transfers four times per cycle (4x), for a 400MHz, 533MHz, or 800MHz effective rate. Because the bus is 64 bits (8 bytes) wide, this results in a throughput rate of 3200MBps, 4266MBps, or 6400MBps. The Pentium 4 Extreme Edition offers a 1066MHz processor bus, which offers a throughput of 8528MBps.

Power Supply Issues

The Pentium 4 requires a lot of electrical power, and most Pentium 4 motherboards therefore use a VRM that is powered from 12V instead of 3.3V or 5V, as with previous designs. By using 12V power, more 3.3V and 5V power is available to run the rest of the system, and the overall current draw is greatly reduced with the higher voltage as a source. PC power supplies generate a more than adequate supply of 12V power, but the ATX motherboard and power supply design originally allotted only one pin for 12V power (each pin is rated for only 6 amps), so additional 12V lines were necessary to carry this power to the motherboard.

The fix appears in the form of a third power connector, called the ATX12V connector. This new connector is used in addition to the standard 20-pin ATX power supply connector and 6-pin auxiliary (3.3/5V) connector. Fortunately, the power supply itself doesn't need a redesign; there is more than enough 12V power available from the drive connectors. To utilize this, companies such as PC Power and Cooling sell an inexpensive ($8) adapter that converts a standard Molex-type drive power connector to the ATX12V connector. Typically, a 300-watt (the minimum recommended) or larger power supply has more than adequate levels of 12V power for both the drives and the ATX12V connector.

If a power supply is less than the 300-watt minimum recommended, you need to purchase a replacement ATX12V power supply.

For illustrations of the ATX12V connector, see "ATX Power Supply Standards," p. 248.

Pentium 4 Versions

The various Pentium 4 versions, including thermal and power specifications, are shown in Table 2.22.

Table 2.22. Pentium 4 Processor Information^[1]

CPU Speed (GHz)	Bus Speed (MHz)	Bus Speed (GBps)	HT Support	Boxed S-Spec	OEM S-Spec	Stepping	CPUID	L2 Cache	L3 Cache	Max. Temp	Max. Power	Socket	Process	Transistors	Processor Model Number
1.30	400	3.2	No	SL4QD	SL4SF	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	69°C	48.9W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.30	400	3.2	No	SL4SF	SL4SF	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	69°C	48.9W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.30	400	3.2	No	SL5GC	SL5FW	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	70°C	51.6W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL4SC	SL4SG	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	70°C	51.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL4SG	SL4SG	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	70°C	51.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL4X2	SL4WS	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	72°C	54.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL5N7	SL59U	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL59U	SL59U	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL5UE	SL5TG	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL5TG	SL5TG	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4TY	SL4SH	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	72°C	54.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4SH	SL4SH	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	72°C	54.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4X3	SL4WT	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	73°C	57.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4WT	SL4WT	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	73°C	57.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5TN	SL5SX	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	57.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5N8	SL59V	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	73°C	57.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5UF	SL5TJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	57.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5TJ	SL5TJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	57.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL62Y	SL62Y	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	71°C	62.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL4X4	SL4WU	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	75°C	61.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5UL	SL5VL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	61.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5VL	SL5VL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	61.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5UW	SL5US	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5UJ	SL5VH	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5VH	SL5VH	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL6BC	SL679	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL679	SL679	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60A	400	3.2	No	SL668	SL668	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	66°C	46.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL57V	SL57W	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	76°C	64.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL57W	SL57W	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	76°C	64.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5TP	SL5SY	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	64.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5N9	SL59X	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	76°C	63.5W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5UG	SL5TK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	63.5W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5TK	SL5TK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	63.5W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL62Z	SL62Z	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	67.7W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL6BD	SL67A	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	73°C	67.7W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL67A	SL67A	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	73°C	67.7W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL4X5	SL4WV	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	78°C	66.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5UM	SL5VM	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	78°C	66.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5VM	SL5VM	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	78°C	66.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5UV	SL5UT	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5UK	SL5VJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5VJ	SL5VJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL6BE	SL67B	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL67B	SL67B	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL63X	SL62P	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL62P	SL62P	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL68Q	SL66Q	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL66Q	SL66Q	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5WH	SL5VN	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	69.2W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5VN	SL5VN	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	69.2W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5WG	SL5VK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5VK	SL5VK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL6BF	SL67C	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL67C	SL67C	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0	400	3.2	No	SL5TQ	SL5SZ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	74°C	71.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0	400	3.2	No	SL5UH	SL5TL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	75.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0	400	3.2	No	SL5TL	SL5TL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	75.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL5ZT	SL5YR	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL5YR	SL5YR	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL68R	SL66R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL66R	SL66R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL6E7	SL6GQ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	54.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL6GQ	SL6GQ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	54.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL6QM	SL6PK	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	54.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL5ZU	SL5YS	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL5YS	SL5YS	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL68S	SL66S	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL66S	SL66S	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL6E8	SL6GR	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	57.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL6GR	SL6GR	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	57.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL6QN	SL6PL	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	57.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL683	SL67Y	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	56.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL67Y	SL67Y	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	56.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6ET	SL6D6	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	56.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6EE	SL6DU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	58.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6DU	SL6DU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	58.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6Q7	SL6PB	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	58.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL67R	SL65R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL65R	SL65R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL68T	SL66T	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL66T	SL66T	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL6E9	SL6GS	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL6GS	SL6GS	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40A	533	4.3	No	SL7E8	SL7E8	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL684	SL67Z	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL67Z	SL67Z	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6EU	SL6D7	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6EF	SL6DV	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6DV	SL6DV	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6QP	SL6PM	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.2W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40C	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WR	SL6WF	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.2W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40C	800	6.4	Yes	SL6Z3	SL6Z3	M0	0F25h	512K	0K	72°C	74.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.50	400	3.2	No	SL6EB	SL6GT	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.50	400	3.2	No	SL6GT	SL6GT	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.50	400	3.2	No	SL6QQ	SL6QQ	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	72°C	61.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL685	SL682	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	71°C	59.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL682	SL682	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	71°C	59.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6EV	SL6D8	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	71°C	59.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6EG	SL6DW	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6DW	SL6DW	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6Q9	SL6PD	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	72°C	61.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60	400	3.2	No	SL6HB	SL6GU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	62.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60	400	3.2	No	SL6GU	SL6GU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	62.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60	400	3.2	No	SL6QR	SL6QR	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60B	533	4.3	No	SL6S3	SL6S3	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60B	533	4.3	No	SL6QA	SL6PE	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60C	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WS	SL6WH	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60C	800	6.4	Yes	SL78X	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6DX	SL6DX	C1	0F27h	512KB	0K	73°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6EH	N/A	C1	0F27h	512KB	0K	73°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6S3	SL6S3	C1	0F27h	512KB	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6SK	N/A	C1	0F27h	512KB	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6PE	SL6PE	D1	0F29h	512KB	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6QA	N/A	D1	0F29h	512KB	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL7E9	N/A	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73.1°C	103W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL7YU	N/A	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	84W	775	90nm	125M	505
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL85U	N/A	E0	0F41H	1M	0K	67.7°C	84W	775	90nm	125M	505
2.80	400	3.2	No	N/A	SL7EY	D1	0F29h	512KB	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6K6	SL6HL	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6HL	SL6HL	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6SL	SL6S4	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6S4	SL6S4	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6QB	SL6PF	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	N/A	SL7PK	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL88G	SL88G	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WJ	SL6WJ	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WT	SL6WT	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL6Z5	N/A	M0	0F25h	512k	0K	73°C	76.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E2	SL7E2	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E3	SL7E3	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7J5	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	520
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KA	SL7KA	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7J5	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	520
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PL	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	No	N/A	SL7PT	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	505
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL88H	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL8HX	SL8HX	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	521[2]
2.80A	533	4.3	No	SL7K9	SL7K9	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80A	533	4.3	No	SL7D8	SL7D8	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80C	800	6.4	Yes	SL78Y	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80E	800	6.4	Yes	SL79K	SL79K	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.93	533	6.4	No	N/A	SL7YV	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	515
2.93	533	6.4	No	N/A	SL85V	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	515
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WU	SL6WK	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	81.9W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL78Z	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	81.9W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7BK	N/A	M0	0F25h	512k	0K	66°C	82.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E4	SL7E4	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KB	SL7KB	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PM	SL7PM	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PU	SL7PU	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	530J
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z9	SL7Z9	N0	0F43h	2MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	169M	630[2]
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL88J	N/A	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.00	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KK	SL7KK	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	530
3.00	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J6	SL7J6	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	530
3.0E	800	6.4	Yes	SL79L	SL79L	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6K7	SL6JJ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6JJ	SL6JJ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6SM	SL6S5	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6S5	SL6S5	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6QC	SL6PG	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	No	N/A	SL87L	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	519
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WE	SL6WG	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	82.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL792	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	82.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL79M	SL79M	C0	0F33h	1MB	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7B8	SL7B8	C0	0F33h	1MB	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E5	SL7E5	D0	0f34h	1MB	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J7	SL7J7	D0	0f34h	1MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KC	SL7KC	D0	0f34h	1MB	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KL	SL7KL	D0	0f34h	1MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7LA	SL7LA	D0	0f34h	1MB	0K	67.7°C	103.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[3]
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PN	SL7PN	E0	0F41h	1MB	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PW	SL7PW	E0	0F41h	1MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540J
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PX	E0	0F41h	1MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540[3]
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z8	SL7Z8	E0	0F43h	2MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	169M	640[2]
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL88K	N/A	E0	0F41h	1MB	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.2EE	800	6.4	Yes	SL7AA	SL7AA	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	64°C	92.1W	478	130nm	178M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL793	SL793	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	89.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7AJ	SL7AJ	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7B9	N/A	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E6	SL7E6	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J8	SL7J8	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	550
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KD	SL7KD	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KM	SL7KM	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	550
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7LH	SL7LH	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[3]
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PP	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PY	SL7PY	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	550J
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PZ	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	550[3]
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7RR	SL7RR	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	109.6W	775	130nm	169M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z7	SL7Z7	N0	0F43h	2MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	650[2]
3.4EE	800	6.4	Yes	SL7CH	SL7CH	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	68°C	102.9W	478	130nm	178M	N/A
3.4EE	800	6.4	Yes	SL7GD	SL7GD	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	109.6W	775	130nm	178M	N/A
3.46EE	1066	8.5	Yes	SL7NF	SL7NF	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	110.7W	775	130nm	178M	N/A
3.46EE	1066	8.5	Yes	N/A	SL7RT	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	110.7W	775	130nm	178M	N/A
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J9	SL7J9	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7KN	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7L9	SL7L9	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560[3]
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7NZ	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560[3]
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Q2	SL7Q2	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560J
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL8J6	SL8J6	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[2]
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z5	SL7Z5	N0	0F43h	2MB	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	660[2]
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7P2	SL7P2	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[2]
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL82U	SL82U	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	570J
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL8J7	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[2]
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7Z3	N0	0F43h	2MB	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	670[2]

^[1] HT = Hyper-Threading Technology; and EE = Extreme Edition.

^[2] This processor supports Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) and Execute Disable Bit (NX).

^[3] This processor supports Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T).

A Pentium 4 processor is shown in Figure 2.38.

Figure 2.38. A Pentium 4 FC-PGA2 processor.

Xeon Processors

Xeon processors are based on the Pentium 4 and are designed, as their predecessors, for multiple-processor applications.

The Xeon processors based on the original 32-bit version of Pentium 4 desktop processor are divided into two categories:

• Xeon DP The Xeon DP with 256KB L2 cache is designed for workstations; the Xeon DP with 512KB up to 2MB of L2 is designed for use in single- or dual-processor servers.

• Xeon MP The Xeon MP is designed for use in up to eight-way servers.

Figure 2.39 shows the front and rear views of the Xeon MP processor.

Figure 2.39. The Intel Xeon MP processor is based on the Intel Pentium 4 but is designed for use in up to eight-way servers. (Photograph used by permission of Intel Corporation.)

Table 2.23 provides essential details about the Xeon processors.

Table 2.23. Intel Xeon Processors for Workstations and Servers

S-Spec	Core Stepping	Processor Signature	CPU Core Speed (GHz)	FSB Speed (MHz)	L2 Size (KB)	L3 Size (MB)	HT Technology	Socket Type
SL4XU	B0	6AH4	.7	100	1024		No	Slot 2
SL4WX	C1	0F0Ah	1.4	400	256		No	603-pin
SL56G	C1	0F0Ah	1.4	400	256		No	603-pin
SL4WY	C1	0F0Ah	1.5	400	256		No	603-pin
SL4ZT	C1	0F0Ah	1.5	400	256		No	603-pin
SL5TD	D0	0F12h	1.5	400	256		No	603-pin
SL5U6	D0	0F12h	1.5	400	256		No	603-pin
SL6GV	C1	0F27H	1.6	400	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6XK	D1	0F29H	1.6	400	512		Yes	604-pin
SL56H	C1	0F0Ah	1.7	400	256		No	603-pin
SL56N	C1	0F0Ah	1.7	400	256		No	603-pin
SL5TE	D0	0F12h	1.7	400	256		No	603-pin
SL5U7	D0	0F12h	1.7	400	256		No	603-pin
SL5Z8	B0	0F24h	1.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL622	B0	0F24h	1.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6EL	C1	0F27H	1.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6JX	C1	0F27H	1.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6W3	D1	0F29H	1.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6YS	D1	0F29H	1.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL5TH	D0	0F12h	2	400	256		No	603-pin
SL5U8	D0	0F12h	2	400	256		No	603-pin
SL5Z9	B0	0F24h	2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL623	B0	0F24h	2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6EM	C1	0F27H	2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6JY	C1	0F27H	2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6W6	D1	0F29H	2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6XL	D1	0F29H	2	400	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6YT	D1	0F29H	2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6NP	C1	0F27H	2	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6RQ	C1	0F27H	2	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6VK	D1	0F29H	2	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6YM	D1	0F29H	2	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL72C	M0	0F25H	2	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL73K	M0	0F25H	2	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL73L	M0	0F25H	2	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL5ZA	B0	0F24h	2.2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL624	B0	0F24h	2.2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6EN	C1	0F27H	2.2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6JZ	C1	0F27H	2.2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6W7	D1	0F29H	2.2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6YU	D1	0F29H	2.2	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL65T	B0	0F24h	2.4	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL687	B0	0F24h	2.4	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6EP	C1	0F27H	2.4	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6K2	C1	0F27H	2.4	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6W8	D1	0F29H	2.4	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6YV	D1	0F29H	2.4	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6GD	C1	0F27H	2.4	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6NQ	C1	0F27H	2.4	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6VL	D1	0F29H	2.4	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6YN	D1	0F29H	2.4	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL72D	M0	0F25H	2.4	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL74T	D1	0F29H	2.4	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6EQ	C1	0F27H	2.6	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6K3	C1	0F27H	2.6	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6W9	D1	0F29H	2.6	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6YW	D1	0F29H	2.6	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6GF	C1	0F27H	2.66	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6NR	C1	0F27H	2.66	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6NR	D1	0F29H	2.66	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6VM	D1	0F29H	2.66	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL72E	M0	0F25H	2.66	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL73M	M0	0F25H	2.66	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6M7	C1	0F27H	2.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6MS	C1	0F27H	2.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6WA	D1	0F29H	2.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6YX	D1	0F29H	2.8	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6Z8	B1	0F25H	2.8	400	512	2	Yes	603-pin
SL6GG	C1	0F27H	2.8	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6NS	C1	0F27H	2.8	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6VN	D1	0F29H	2.8	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6VN	D1	0F29H	2.8	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6YQ	D1	0F29H	2.8	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL72F	M0	0F25H	2.8	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL73N	M0	0F25H	2.8	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL7D5	M0	0F25H	2.8	533	512	1	Yes	604-pin
SL7D5	M0	0F25H	2.8	533	512	1	Yes	604-pin
SL7DV	D0	0f34H	2.8	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7HF	D0	0f34H	2.8	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7PD	E0	0F41H	2.8	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7TB	E0	0F41H	2.8	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL6YY	D1	0F29H	3	400	512		Yes	603-pin
SL6VW	C1	0F27H	3	400	1024		Yes	603-pin
SL6X4	C1	0F27H	3	400	1024		Yes	603-pin
SL7EW	C0	0F41H	3	667	512	8	Yes	604-pin
SL7DW	D0	0f34H	3	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7HG	D0	0f34H	3	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7PE	E0	0F41H	3	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7TC	E0	0F41H	3	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7ZF	N0	0F43H	3	800	2048		Yes	604-pin
SL8ZQ	N0	0F43H	3	800	2048		Yes	604-pin
SL84U	A0	0F41H	3.16	667	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL6GH	C1	0F27H	3.06	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6RR	C1	0F27H	3.06	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6VP	D1	0F29H	3.06	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL6YR	D1	0F29H	3.06	533	512		Yes	604-pin
SL72G	M0	0F25H	3.06	533	512	1	Yes	604-pin
SL73P	M0	0F25H	3.06	533	512	1	Yes	604-pin
SL72Y	M0	0F25H	3.2	533	512	1	Yes	604-pin
SL73Q	M0	0F25H	3.2	533	512	1	Yes	604-pin
SL7AE	M0	0F25H	3.2	533	512	2	Yes	604-pin
SL7BW	M0	0F25H	3.2	533	512	2	Yes	604-pin
SL7DX	D0	0F34H	3.2	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7HH	D0	0F34H	3.2	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7PF	E0	0F41H	3.2	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7TD	E0	0F41H	3.2	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7ZE	N0	0F43H	3.2	800	2048		Yes	604-pin
SL8ZP	N0	0F43H	3.2	800	2048		Yes	604-pin
SL8EY	C0	0F41H	3.33	667	512	8	Yes	604-pin
SL7DY	D0	0F34H	3.4	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7HJ	D0	0F34H	3.4	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7PG	E0	0F41H	3.4	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7TE	E0	0F41H	3.4	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7ZD	N0	0F43H	3.4	800	512	2	Yes	604-pin
SL7ZK	N0	0F43H	3.4	800	512	2	Yes	604-pin
SL7DZ	D0	0F34H	3.6	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7HK	D0	0F34H	3.6	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7PH	E0	0F41H	3.6	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7VF	E0	0F41H	3.6	800	1024		Yes	604-pin
SL7ZC	N0	0F43H	3.6	800	512	2	Yes	604-pin
SL7ZJ	N0	0F43H	3.6	800	512	2	Yes	604-pin
SL84W	A0	0F41H	3.66	667	1024		Yes	604-pin

The Xeon MP is designed for use in servers with more than two processors. All versions of the Xeon MP features L1, L2, and L3 caches; use Socket 603; and feature HT Technology.

Table 2.24 lists the different versions of the 32-bit Xeon MP processor.

Table 2.24. Xeon MP Specifications

S-Spec	Core Stepping	Processor Signature	Core Speed (GHz)	Data Bus (MHz)	L2 Cache Size (KB)	L3 Cache Size (KB)	HT Technology
SL5FZ	C0	0F11h	1.4	400	256	512	Yes
SL5RV	C0	0F11h	1.4	400	256	512	Yes
SL5G2	C0	0F11h	1.5	400	256	512	Yes
SL5RW	C0	0F11h	1.5	400	256	512	Yes
SL6GZ	A0	0F22h	1.5	400	512	1024	Yes
SL6KB	A0	0F22h	1.5	400	512	1024	Yes
SL5G8	C0	0F11h	1.6	400	256	1024	Yes
SL5S4	C0	0F11h	1.6	400	256	1024	Yes
SL6H2	A0	0F22h	1.9	400	512	1024	Yes
SL6KC	A0	0F22h	1.9	400	512	1024	Yes
SL66Z	A0	0F22h	2	400	512	2048	Yes
SL6KD	A0	0F22h	2	400	512	2048	Yes
SL6YJ	B1	0F25h	2	400	512	1024	Yes
SL6Z6	B1	0F25h	2	400	512	1024	Yes
SL7A5	C0	OF26h	2.2	400	512	2048	Yes
SL6Z2	B1	0F25h	2.5	400	512	1024	Yes
SL6Z7	B1	0F25h	2.5	400	512	1024	Yes
SL79Z	C0	0F26h	2.7	400	512	2048	Yes
SL6YL	B1	0F25h	2.8	400	512	2048	Yes
SL79V	C0	0F26h	3	400	512	4096	Yes

Xeon DP with EM64T Support

Just as recent versions of the Pentium 4 incorporate EM64T support so they can run 64-bit applications, the Xeon DP is also available with 64-bit support (see Table 2.25). EM64T is Intel's implementation of the 64-bit extensions originally developed by AMD for its Opteron and Athlon 64 and 64FX processors. These processors also support Execute Disable Bit (XDB) to stop buffer-overrun virus attacks and Enhanced SpeedStep Technology.

Table 2.25. Xeon DP with EM64T Specifications^[1]

Core Speed (GHz)	Data Bus (MHz)	L2 Cache Size (KB)	L3 Cache Size (KB)	HT Technology	Dual-Core Support	Processor Number
2.80GHz	800MHz	2MB		Yes
2.8GHz	800MHz	4MB		Yes	Yes
3GHz	800MHz	2MB		Yes
3.2GHz	800MHz	2MB		Yes
3.4GHz	800MHz	2MB		Yes
3.6GHz	800MHz	2MB		Yes
3.8GHz	800MHz	2MB		Yes

^[1] For S-Spec numbers and other details, see the Intel website (www.intel.com).

Xeon MP with EM64T Support

In 2005, Intel announced a new series of Xeon MP processors with Intel's Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) support. EM64T is Intel's implementation of the 64-bit extensions originally developed by AMD for its Opteron and Athlon 64 and 64FX processors. Xeon MP processors with EM64T have the following specifications:

• 1MB of on-die L2 cache

• Socket 604 (except as noted in Table 2.26)

• 4MB or 8MB of on-die L3 cache; 8MB is twice the size of the largest L3 cache available in the 32-bit Xeon MP product line, and very few 32-bit Xeon MPs featured 4MB. 8MB is very close to the L3 cache size used by the Itanium 2 and makes the Xeon MP a better choice for network servers that need to support a mixture of 32-bit and 64-bit applications.

• Clock speeds of 2.83GHz to 3.66GHz, compared to 3GHz for the 32-bit versions of the Xeon MP

• 667MHz FSB; this is significantly faster than the 400MHz FSB used by 32-bit versions of the Xeon MP.

• 7xxx-series processors that feature dual-core designs, enabling a four-way processor, for example, to have performance similar to that of an eight-way single-core processor.

Table 2.26 lists the specifications for these processors.

Table 2.26. 64-bit Xeon MP Specifications^[1]

Core Speed (GHz)	Data Bus (MHz)	L2 Cache Size (KB)	L3 Cache Size (KB)	HT Technology	Dual-Core Support	Processor Number
2.66GHz	667MHz	2MB		Yes	Yes	7020[2]
2.8GHz	800MHz	2MB		Yes	Yes	7030
2.83GHz	667MHz	1MB		Yes
3GHz	667MHz	4MB		Yes	Yes	7040
3GHz	800MHz	4MB		Yes	Yes	7041
3.16GHz	667MHz	1MB		Yes
3.33GHz	667MHz	1MB		Yes
3.66GHz	667MHz	1MB		Yes
2.66GHz	667MHz	1MB	4MB	Yes
2.66GHz	667MHz	1MB	8MB	Yes
2.83GHz	667MHz	1MB	4MB	Yes
2.83GHz	667MHz	1MB	8MB	Yes
3.00GHz	667MHz	1MB	4MB	Yes
3.00GHz	667MHz	1MB	8MB	Yes
3.16GHz	667MHz	1MB	4MB	Yes
3.16GHz	667MHz	1MB	8MB	Yes
3.33GHz	667MHz	1MB	4MB	Yes
3.33GHz	667MHz	1MB	8MB	Yes
3.66GHz	667MHz	1MB	4MB	Yes
3.66GHz	667MHz	1MB	8MB	Yes

^[1] For S-Spec numbers and other details, see the Intel website (www.intel.com).

^[2] This processor plugs in to Socket T (LGA775).

Processors in the 7xxx series support Intel's virtualization technology, which enables a system to run different operating systems and applications in logical partitions. In other words, one server can act like two or more servers.

Single-core processors are supported by Intel's E8500 chipset, and dual-core processors require Intel's E8501 chipset. (See Chapter 3 for details.)

Itanium and Itanium 2 Processors

Introduced in 2001, the Itanium was the first processor in Intel's IA-64 (Intel Architecture 64-bit) product family, and it incorporated innovative performance-enhancing architecture techniques, such as prediction and speculation. It and its newer sibling, the Itanium 2 (introduced in 2002), are the highest-end processors from Intel and are designed for the enterprise server market. In fact, Hewlett-Packard (which co-developed the Itanium series with Intel) has decided to retire its RISC-based AlphaServer and Hewlett-Packard 9000 servers and their processors (Alpha and PA-RISC) in favor of Itanium 2based systems.

Note

To learn more about the Hewlett-Packard's Business Systems Evolution programs for moving users of AlphaServer and PA-RISC products to Itanium 2-based platforms, go to www.hp.com/products1/evolution/.

The Itanium family represents the eight-generation processors in the Intel family. Even more significantly, Itanium uses a different chip architecture than the x86-based processors discussed in previous sections.

Itanium Architecture

Intel and Hewlett-Packard began jointly working on the Itanium processor in 1994, although the first Itaniums were not released until 2001. Itanium is the first microprocessor based on the IA-64 specification, which is also supported by Itanium 2. IA-64 is a completely different processor design that uses Very Long Instruction Words (VLIW), instruction prediction, branch elimination, speculative loading, and other advanced processes for enhancing parallelism from program code. The Itanium series features elements of both CISC and RISC design.

The Itanium series incorporates a design architecture Intel calls EPIC, which enables the processor to execute parallel instructionsthat is, several instructions at the same time. In the Itanium and Itanium 2, three instructions can be encoded in one 128-bit word so that each instruction has a few more bits than today's 32-bit instructions. The extra bits let the chip address more registers and tell the processor which instructions to execute in parallel. This approach simplifies the design of processors with many parallel-execution units and should let them run at higher clock rates. In other words, besides being capable of executing several instructions in parallel within the chip, the Itanium can be linked to other Itanium chips in a parallel processing environment. The Itanium 2 also supports parallel processing.

Besides having new features and running a completely new 64-bit instruction set, Itanium and Itanium 2 feature full backward compatibility with the current 32-bit Intel x86 software. In this way, they support 64-bit instructions while retaining full compatibility with today's 32-bit applications. Full backward compatibility means the Itanium and Itanium 2 can run all existing applications as well as any new 64-bit applications. Unfortunately, because this is not the native mode for the processor, performance is not as good when executing 32-bit instructions as it is with the Pentium 4 and earlier chips.

Tip

If you need to run 32-bit x86 software on an Itanium 2 processor, make sure your operating system supports the IA-32 Execution Layer (IA-32 EL) technology. IA-32 EL improves performance of 32-bit software on the Itanium 2 processor. Operating systems that include or support IA-32 EL include Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition, Windows XP 64-bit Edition, and most current Linux distributions that support Itanium 2.

To download IA-32 EL for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 UP5; Red Hat Enterprise 3 UP4; SUSE Enterprise Server 9 SP1; or SUSE Enterprise Server Linux SP1, Kernel 2.6, go to the "IA-32 Execution Layer" page, at www.intel.com/cd/software/products/asmo-na/eng/219773.htm. To download the latest version of the IA-32 EL for Windows Server 2003, go to www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/64bit/ipf/ia32el.mspx.

For more information about IA-32 EL technology for Windows and Linux operating systems, see www.intel.com/design/itanium/downloads/25431803.pdf.

To use the IA-64 instruction set, programs must be recompiled for the new instruction set. The Itanium and Itanium 2 are currently supported by these operating systems: Microsoft Windows (XP 64-bit Itanium Edition and Windows Server 2003 for Itanium-based systems), Linux (from four distributor companies: Red Hat, SUSE, Caldera, and Turbo Linux), and two UNIX versions (Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX and IBM's AIX). Hewlett-Packard's fault-tolerant NonStop operating system also supports IA-64.

In September 2005, the Itanium Solutions Alliance was formed by founding sponsors Bull, Fujitsu, Fujitsu Siemens Computers, Hitachi, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, NEC, SGI, and Unisys. Charter members include BEA, Microsoft, Novell, Oracle, Red Hat, SAP, SAS, and Sybase. The alliance's goals include helping software vendors more easily move their applications to IA-64 and providing information about existing IA-64 applications and industry-specific solutions. You can learn more at www.itaniumsolutionsalliance.org.

Although the creation of the Itanium Solutions Alliance is a helpful development, the high cost of Itanium 2based solutions and their relatively poor performance when running existing x86 code make them suitable primarily for very large enterprise networks that are running native IA-64 applications. You can build your own Itanium 2based server by using motherboards from vendors such as Supermicro (www.supermicro.com), but if you're looking at four-way or smaller solutions, you're likely to be better off with an AMD Opteron or Intel Xeon EMT64-based solution.

Itanium and Itanium 2 Specifications

The following features apply to both Itanium and Itanium 2 processors:

• They have 16TB of physical memory addressing (44-bit address bus).

• They have full 32-bit instruction compatibility in hardware.

• They use EPIC technology, which enables up to 20 operations per cycle.

• They have two integer and two memory units that can execute four instructions per clock.

• They have two FMAC (floating-point multiply accumulate) units with 82-bit operands.

• Each FMAC unit is capable of executing two floating-point operations per clock.

• Two additional MMX units are capable of executing two single-precision floating-point operations each.

• A total of eight single-precision floating-point operations can be executed every cycle.

• They have 128 integer registers, 128 floating-point registers, 8 branch registers, and 64 predicate registers.

The Itanium 2 also has the following features:

• 400MHz, 533MHz, or 667MHz CPU bus (versus 266MHz for Itanium)

• 128-bit wide CPU bus (versus 64-bit for Itanium)

The Itanium and Itanium 2's technical details are listed in Table 2.27; Itanium versions are listed in Table 2.28, and Itanium 2 versions are listed in Table 2.29.

Table 2.27. Intel Itanium and Itanium 2 Technical Details

Processor	Processor Speed	L2 Cache	L3 Cache Size	FSB Speed	Memory Bus Width	Bandwidth	Number of Transistors
Itanium	733MHz, 800MHz	96KB	2MB[1] or 4MB[1]	266MHz	64-bit	2.1GBps	25 million (core), 150 or 300 million (cache)
Itanium 2	900MHz	256KB	1.5MB[2]	400MHz	128-bit	6.4GBps	221 million
Itanium 2	1GHz[3], 1.3GHz[3]	256KB	3MB[2]	400MHz	128-bit	6.4GBps	221 million
Itanium 2	1.4GHz[4]	256KB	1.5MB	400MHz	128-bit	6.4GBps	221 million
Itanium 2	1.6GHz[4]	256KB	3MB	400MHz, 533MHz	128-bit	6.4GBps, 8.5GBps	500 million
Itanium 2	1.4GHz, 1.5GHz[5], 1.6GHz[4]	256KB	4MB[2]	400MHz	128-bit	6.4GBps	410 million
Itanium 2	1.5GHz, 1.6GHz[5]	256KB	6MB[2]	400MHz	128-bit	6.4GBps	500 million
Itanium 2	1.66GHz[5]	256KB	6MB[2]	667MHz	128-bit	10.6GBps	500 million
Itanium 2	1.6GHz[5]	256KB	9MB[2]	400MHz	128-bit	6.4GBps	592 million
Itanium 2	1.66GHz[5]	256KB	9MB[2]	667MHz	128-bit	10.6GBps	592 million

^[1] On-cartridge, full-speed unified 128 bits wide.

^[2] On-die, full-speed unified 128 bits wide.

^[3] Also available in low-voltage version.

^[4] Optimized for dual-processor operation (DP Optimized).

^[5] Optimized for multiple-processor operation.

Table 2.28. Intel Itanium Processor Models

S-Spec/QDF Number	Core Stepping	CPUID	Core Clock Speed (MHz)	FSB Speed (MHz)	L3 Size (MB)
SL4LT	C0	0007000604h	733	266	2
SL4LS	C0	0007000604h	733	266	4
SL5VS	C1	0007000704h	733	266	2
SL5VT	C1	0007000704h	733	266	4
SL6RH	C2	0007000804h	733	266	2
SL4LR	C0	0007000604h	800	266	2
SL4LQ	C0	0007000604h	800	266	4
SL5VU	C1	0007000704h	800	266	2
SL5VW	C1	0007000704h	800	266	4
SL6RK	C2	0007000804h	800	266	2
SL6RL	C2	0007000804h	800	266	4

Table 2.29. Intel Itanium 2 Processor Models

S-Spec Number	Processor Stepping	CPUID1	Core Clock Speed (MHz)	FSB Speed (MHz)	L3 Size (MB)	Code Name
SL67W	B3	001F000704h	900	400	1.5	McKinley
SL6P6	B3	001F000704h	900	400	1.5	McKinley
SL754	B1	001F010504h	1000	400	1.5	Deerfield
SL67U	B3	001F000704h	1000	400	1.5	McKinley
SL6P5	B3	001F000704h	1000	400	1.5	McKinley
SL67V	B3	001F000704h	1000	400	3	McKinley
SL6P7	B3	001F000704h	1000	400	3	McKinley
SL6XD	B1	001F010504h	1300	400	3	Madison
SL7SD	A1	001F020104h	1300	400	3	Madison
SL8CY	A2	001F020204h	1300	400	3	Madison
SL76K	B1	001F010504h	1400	400	1.5	Madison
SL7FP	B1	001F010504h	1400	400	3	Madison
SL6XE	B1	001F010504h	1400	400	4	Madison
SL8CX	A2	001F020204h	1500	400	4	Madison
SL7ED	A1	001F020104h	1500	400	4	Madison
SL6XF	B1	001F010504h	1500	400	6	Madison
SL7FQ	B1	001F010504h	1600	400	3	Madison
SL7EC	A1	001F020104h	1600	400	3	Madison
SL8CW	A2	001F020204h	1600	400	3	Madison
SL8CV	A2	001F020204h	1600	400	6	Madison
SL7EB	A1	001F020104h	1600	400	6	Madison
SL87H	A1	001F020104h	1600	400	9	Madison
SL8CU	A2	001F020204h	1600	400	9	Madison
SL7EF	A1	001F020104h	1600	533	3	Madison
SL8CZ	A2	001F020204h	1600	533	3	Madison
SL8JK	A2	001F020204h	1660	667	6	Madison
SL8JJ	A2	001F020204h	1660	667	9	Madison

Itanium 2 versions with 1.5MB or 3MB of L3 cache are designed for use in single- or dual-processor systems, and versions with 6MB and 9MB of L3 cache are designed for use in multiple-processor systems. Generally, you should use only the same stepping for a multiple-processor configuration. However, Intel has tested the following combinations:

• SL7SD and SL8CY

• SL7ED and SL8CX

• SL7EC and SL8CW

• SL7EB and SL8CV

• SL87H and SL8CU

• SL7EF and SL8CZ

Itanium and Itanium 2 were initially based on 0.18-micron technology. The 0.13-micron Madison and low-voltage Deerfield versions of the Itanium 2 were officially introduced in 2003. The Deerfield is a low-voltage version of Madison. As with other processors using smaller technologies, the switch to 0.13-micron technology allows for higher core clock speeds and larger memory caches.

AMD Athlon MP Processors

AMD's first server-class processor was the Athlon MP, based on the AMD Athlon and Athlon XP. Introduced in 2001, the Athlon MP supports up to two-way configurations and was a popular choice for cost-sensitive "white box" servers, including rack-mounted servers, before the development of the AMD Opteron processor. The leading vendor of Athlon MPbased motherboards for servers and workstations is Tyan (www.tyan.com).

There are four major models of the Athlon MP:

• The Athlon MP Model 6 is derived from the AMD Athlon Model 4, code-named Thunderbird.

• The Athlon MP Model 6 OPGA is derived from the AMD Athlon XP Model 6, code-named Palomino.

• The Athlon MP Model 8 is derived from the AMD Athlon XP Model 8, code-named Thoroughbred.

• The Athlon MP Model 10 is also derived from the AMD Athlon XP Model 8 but features 512KB of L2 cache.

The Athlon MP Model 6 OPGA, Athlon MP Model 8, and Athlon MP Model 10 use the same plus (+) numbering scheme introduced by the Athlon XP rather than the actual clock speed of the processor for the model number. We've never found this type of numbering system useful (although AMD continues to use it with its Opteron and other current processor lines). It is more useful to look at the processors' actual features, which are shown in Table 2.30.

Table 2.30. Athlon MP Processors

Model	Model Number	Actual Clock Speed (MHz)	L2 Cache Size (KB)	Core Voltage (V DC)	Typical Thermal Power (W)	Max. Die Temperature (°Celsius)
Model 6	1000	1000	256	1.75	41.3	95
Model 6	1200	1200	256	1.75	49.1	95
Model 6 OPGA	1500+	1333	256	1.75	53.8	95
Model 6 OPGA	1600+	1400	256	1.75	56.3	95
Model 6 OPGA	1800+	1533	256	1.75	58.9	95
Model 6 OPGA	1900+	1600	256	1.75	58.9	95
Model 6 OPGA	2000+	1667	256	1.75	58.9	95
Model 6 OPGA	2100+	1733	256	1.75	58.9	95
Model 8	2000+	1667	256	1.60	52.8	90
Model 8	2200+	1800	256	1.65	54.5	90
Model 10	2600+	2000	512	1.60	47.2	90
Model 10	2800+	2133	512	1.60	47.2	90

All Athlon MP processors use the same Socket A (Socket 462) interface introduced for the AMD Athlon.

As Table 2.30 shows, the AMD Athlon MP Model 10 is the best of the four Athlon MP models for two reasons: Model 10 variants feature double the L2 cache of previous versions, and Model 10 variants run cooler than other versions. The AMD Opteron (described in the next section) has largely replaced the Athlon MP and offers a much wider range of motherboard support.

An Athlon MP processor is shown in Figure 2.40.

Figure 2.40. The AMD Athlon MP processor is a dual-processorcapable version of the AMD Athlon and Athlon XP processors.

(Photograph used by permission of AMD Corporation.)

AMD Opteron Processors

The AMD Opteron, introduced in 2003, was the first 64-bit processor to provide a seamless, no-compromise transition between current 32-bit operating systems and applications and 64-bit operating systems and applications. Unlike the Intel Itanium and Itanium 2, which provide relatively poor x86 performance because their native 64-bit mode (IA-64) uses a different processor architecture, the Opteron uses a fully compatible 64-bit extension of x86 architecture known as AMD64.

For more information about the differences between IA-64 and AMD64, see "64-Bit Processor Modes," p. 52.

The Opteron has a second major distinction: It was the first x86-compatible processor with an integrated memory controller. The Opteron uses matched pairs of DDR memory for dual-channel memory access, enabling very high memory performance and very low latency when accessing memory.

Figure 2.41 illustrates an AMD Opteron processor.

Figure 2.41. The AMD Opteron family can be scaled up to eight-way servers in its 800-series version. (Photograph used by permission of AMD Corporation.)

The Opteron is divided into three series: the 100 Series (single-processor systems), 200 Series (one- or two-way systems), and 800 Series (up to eight-way systems). The following are the major features of single-core Opteron processors:

• 128KB L1 cache

• 1MB L2 cache

• Initial clock speeds of 1.4GHz2.2GHz

• Three 6.4MBps HyperTransport links to the chipset

• 940-pin socket (most 100, all 200 and 800 series)

• 939-pin socket (some 100 series)

• Integrated memory controller

• 128-bit plus ECC dual-channel memory bus

• Maximum addressable memory of 1TB (40-bit physical) and 256TB (48-bit virtual)

• AMD64 architecture

Socket 940 versions of the Opteron require registered memory. In 2005, AMD introduced 100 series Opteron processors in Socket 939. Socket 939 uses standard DDR memory, enabling you to build a lower-cost single-processor server than with Socket 940 processors.

Opteron processors are available in three wattage ranges:

• Standard Opteron processors use from 82.1 to 92.6 watts of power, depending on clock speed and manufacturing technology.

• HE processors use 55 watts of power.

• EE processors use 30 watts of power.

HE and EE processors are recommended for use in rack-mounted or blade servers, as well as in other environments in which processor cooling can be difficult.

AMD Opteron processors are available in single-core and dual-core versions. Single-core versions were originally manufactured using a .13-micron silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process, but recent versions have switched to a .09-micron (90-nanometer) SOI process. Table 2.31 cross-references model numbers and clock speeds for various single-core AMD Opteron models.

Table 2.31. AMD Single-Core Opteron Processors

Clock Speed (GHz)	Single Processor	Dual Processor	Multiprocessor
1.4	140[1]	240[1]	840[1]
1.6	142	242[2]	842[2]
1.8	144[2],[4]	244[2]	844[2]
2.0	146[3],[4]	246[2],[3]	846[2],[3]
2.2	148[4]	248[2],[3]	848[2],[3]
2.4	150[4]	250[2],[3]	850[2],[3]
2.6	152[4]	252[5]	852[5]
2.8	154[6]	254[5]	854[5]

^[1] EE (30W) low-power version also available.

^[2] Manufactured in .13- and .09-micron versions.

^[4] Socket 939 (.09-micron) version available.

^[3] HE (55W) low-power version also available.

^[5] Manufactured in .09-micron version only.

^[6] Available only in Socket 939 version.

You can build an Opteron-based server with up to eight processors, and Opteron-based servers are also available from most major server vendors.

Dual-Core Opteron Processors

From the beginning, AMD's Opteron processors for servers were designed for dual-core operation, with space in the original design for an integrated crossbar memory controller. Dual-core processors enable you to have the virtual equivalent of a two-way server in a low-cost single-processor model. Larger server configurations also benefit.

To learn more about the benefits of multiple processors and dual-core processors, see "Multiple CPUs," p. 37.

AMD introduced dual-core Opteron processors in 2005; all dual-core Opterons use the .09-micron SOI manufacturing process. Any Opteron motherboard that supports .09-micron Opteron processors is a candidate for an upgrade to a dual-core processor. You can contact your motherboard or server vendor for details. A BIOS upgrade may be necessary on some models.

Caution

Because of the dual-core design, the dual-core Opteron 175 and 180 processors require 110W. This is 15 watts more than the maximum for single-core or other dual-core Opteron processors. Make sure your server offers adequate cooling.

All dual-core Opterons offer 2MB of L2 cache (1MB per core), and versions are available for both Socket 940 (200 and 800 series) and Socket 939 (100 series). Some Socket 940 versions are available in the reduced-wattage HE series.

Table 2.32 cross-references model numbers and clock speeds for dual-core Opteron processors.

Table 2.32. AMD Dual-Core Opteron Processors

Clock Speed (GHz)	Single Processor	Dual Processor	Multiprocessor
1.6		260[1]	860[1]
1.8	165[2]	265[1]	865[1]
2.0	170[2]	270[1]	870[1]
2.2	175[2]	275	875
2.4	180[2]	280	880

^[1] HE (55W) low-power version also available.

^[2] Available only in Socket 939 version.

If you are already using an Opteron-based server that supports upgrading to dual-core processors, you can significantly improve the performance of your server by swapping processors. If you are building a server, using dual-core processors from the start provides you with better multitasking and the ability to handle greater loads, which can help you use your current hardware longer before upgrading.