| While we refactor code for many reasons, the following motivations are among the most common. -
Make it easier to add new code. When we add a new feature to a system, we have a choice: we can quickly program the feature without regard to how well it fits with an existing design, or we can modify the existing design so it can easily and gracefully accommodate the new feature. If we go with the former approach, we incur design debt (see Design Debt, 15), which can be paid down later by refactoring. If we go with the latter approach, we analyze what will need to change to best accommodate the new feature and then make whatever changes are necessary. Neither approach is better than the other. If you have little time, it may make more sense to quickly add the feature and refactor later. If you have more time or you perceive that you'll go faster by paving the way for the feature prior to programming it, by all means refactor before adding the feature. -
Improve the design of existing code. By continuously improving the design of code, we make it easier and easier to work with. This is in sharp contrast to what typically happens: little refactoring and a great deal of attention paid to expediently adding new features. Continuous refactoring involves constantly sniffing for coding smells (see Chapter 4, 37) and removing smells immediately after (or soon after) finding them. If you get into the hygienic habit of refactoring continuously, you'll find that it is easier to extend and maintain code. You may even enjoy your job more. -
Gain a better understanding of code. Sometimes we look at code and have no idea what it does or how it works. Even if someone could stand next to us and explain the code, the next person to look at it could also be totally confused. Is it best to write a comment for such code? No. If the code isn't clear, it's an odor that needs to be removed by refactoring, not by deodorizing the code with a comment. When we refactor such code, it is usually best to do so in the presence of someone who fully understands the code. If that person isn't available, see if he or she can help explain the code by e-mail, chat, or phone. Failing that, refactor only what you truly understand. In the end, your efforts will make it easier for everyone to understand the code. -
Make coding less annoying. I've often wondered what propels me to refactor code. Sure, I can say that I refactor to remove duplication, to simplify or clarify the code. But what actually propels me to refactor? Emotions. I often refactor simply to make code less annoying to work with. For example, I once joined a project that had some significant design debt. In particular, there was one enormous class with way too many responsibilities. Because much of what we did involved changing this enormous class, every time we checked in code (which was often, since we practiced continuous integration), we would have to deal with a complex merge involving the enormous class. As a result, everyone took longer than necessary to integrate code. This was very annoying. So another programmer and I set off on a three-week odyssey to break apart the enormous class into smaller classes. It was hard work that just had to be done. When we finished this work, integrating code took far less time and the overall programming experience was much more pleasant. |
