Index_F
F
Factorial example, 135
File access life cycle, 272
File input and output, 269291
closing files, 280
file access life cycle, 272
file stream objects as function arguments, 287289
fstream standard library, 271272
opening files, 272279
reading from files, 282287
text vs. binary files, 270271
writing to files, 280282
File modes, 274275
File stream objects as function arguments, 287289
Files
closing, 280
looping through, 285287
opening for reading, 276277
opening for reading and writing, 277
source, 3740
text vs. binary, 270271
writing to, 280282
Files, opening, 272279
checking if file was opened, 278279
opening files for reading, 276277
opening files for reading and writing, 277
opening files for writing, 272276
Files, opening for writing, 272276
checking if they were opened, 278279
fstream or ofstream constructor, 275276
open member function, 273275
Files, reading from, 282287
looping through files, 285287
reading lines of files, 283285
Files, reading lines of, 283285
Flags, 148151
Floating-point data types, 3235
scientific and E notations, 34
storage of floating-point numbers , 3435
Floating-point numbers, storage of, 3435
Flowcharting, 8789
For and while loops , comparison of, 146147
For loops, 125, 130141
beware infinite loops, 134135
breaking out of loops, 135138
continue keyword, 138139
factorial example, 135
nesting, 139141
nesting for loops, 139141
syntax of, 132134
syntaxes of, 132134
Fstream
or ofstream constructor, 275276
standard library, 271272
Function arguments, 175176
file stream objects as, 287289
multiple, 176178
passing arrays as, 208210
passing structures as, 305307
Function arguments, pointers as, 228232
passing arrays using pointer notations, 228230
passing single variables using pointer notations, 230232
Function body, 5
Functions, 161
C++ string class, 243
calling, 164165
case conversion, 256257
character, 243
cin objects getline, 205208
cin.get, 245248
cin.ignore, 248252
C-string, 243
defining, 163164
main, 5
prototype and header, 175
returning values from, 182183
returning values from functions, 182183
sending information to functions, 173181
terminology of, 162163
that check values of characters , 258
variable scope and lifetime, 167172
Functions, character, 256258
case conversion functions, 256257
functions that check values of characters, 258
Functions, C-string and C++ string, 259266
appending strings, 261
assigning values to strings, 260261
comparing two strings, 262264
conversion between C-strings and numbers, 264266
determining lengths of strings, 259260
Functions, defining and calling, 162166
calling functions, 164165
defining functions, 163164
prototyping, 165166
terminology of functions, 162163
Functions, open member, 273275
file modes, 274275
specifying files to be opened, 273274
Functions, returning pointers from, 236239
returning pointers to created variables, 238239
returning pointers to local variables, 236237
returning pointers to static local variables, 237238
Functions, sending information to, 173181
passing arguments by reference, 178181
passing arguments by value, 174178
