The in-depth study of computer architecture could very well be considered a 'follow-on course' to the material this chapter presents . There are many college and professional texts on computer architecture available today. Patterson and Hennessy's Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach is one of the better regarded texts on this subject (though it is a bit heavily biased towards RISC architectures).
One subject missing from this chapter is the design of the CPU's actual instruction set. That is the subject of the next chapter in this book.