Apply Your Knowledge

Exercises

2.1 Using ping

In this exercise, you learn how to use the ping utility. Ping can be used if you have a connectivity problem. In exercise 2.2, we look at dealing with a connectivity issue and using ping to resolve it.

Estimated time: 5 minutes

1. You are the administrator for ABC, Inc. You are responsible for 30 Windows Server 2003 systems, 300 XP Professional clients , and all connecting network infrastructure. A client asks you to see why she can't connect to the network.

2. To perform this test, you can use the ping utility. Choose Start, Run. Type CMD in the Run dialog box and then press Enter. Type ping at the command prompt and enter the IP address of your default gateway.

3. You are able to successfully ping the router, so you are connected via IP.

2.2 Renew an IP Address

In this exercise, you learn how to renew an IP address from a DHCP server.

Estimated time: 5 minutes

1. You are the senior administrator for 123 Inc. You are responsible for 300 Windows Server 2003 systems, 2000 XP Professional clients, and all connecting network infrastructure. A client asks you why she can't access any network resources.

2. You try to ping the default gateway, and you receive hardware errors.

3. You use the ipconfig command and see that you have an IP address of 0.0.0.0.

4. You know you have a DHCP server on your network, so you should have an IP address.

5. To find the IP address, choose Start, Run. Type CMD in the Run dialog box and then press Enter. Type ipconfig /renew to get a new IP address from the DHCP server.

2.3 Using ipconfig

In this exercise, you learn how to view all IP- related information associated with your workstation.

Estimated time: 5 minutes

1. You are the administrator for ABC, Inc. You are responsible for 30 Windows Server 2003 systems, 300 XP Professional clients, and all connecting network infrastructure. A client asks you to see why he cannot connect to the network.

2. You can't ping anything from the workstation.

3. You need to check whether you have an IP address assigned to the workstation.

4. To check the address, choose Start, Run. Type CMD in the Run dialog box and then press Enter. Type ipconfig /all and see whether you have an IP address assigned.

Review Questions

1:	You have 20 network clients who cannot access any network resources. You try to ping the default gateway but cannot hit it; however, you are able to ping other devices on a different subnet. What could be the problem?
2:	Several of your Windows XP Professional clients are having trouble connecting to an Internet Web site. You suspect that they have local DNS cache data that is preventing them from contacting the correct IP address. What can you do to quickly resolve this problem?
3:	Four Windows workstations cannot access the network. You have DHCP enabled on the segment, and everyone else is okay. If nothing is wrong with the server, what could be the problem?
4:	You are the senior administrator of your company. Your CIO cannot access the network. She checks to see whether the link lights are on and the cable is attached, and they are. What would be your next step to troubleshoot this problem?
5:	One workstation cannot access the network. You want to run a simple test to see whether the workstation can communicate with other devices on the network. What utility could you use?

Exam Questions

1:	As the lead administrator for the ABC LLC network, you are responsible for planning a TCP/IP network that is robust and functional. You have a total of 450 clients spread out over three locations. You have 150 clients per location, and at one central location, you have approximately 25 servers. You are asked to select an IP addressing scheme that maps to your needs. Select the best option to subnet and IP address this network. Use a Class A network of 10.1.1.0/8. Use a Class B network of 172.16.0.0/16. Use three Class C networks of 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, and 192.168.3.0/24. Use a single Class A subnetted network of 10.1.1.0/16.
2:	Jake is the senior network administrator for your organization. Jake is responsible for 200 Windows XP Professional clients and 15 Windows Server 2003 systems located on a network backbone running at 100Mbps. All 200 clients complain of slow response times on the network and have difficulty doing the simplest of tasks , such as browsing the Internet, especially during the mid-morning and mid-afternoon periods of the day. The clients are running at 10Mbps. What can Jake do to increase the performance of his network? (Choose two answers.) Upgrade the backbone to 1000Mbps. Install hubs in the network closets to segment the network. Upgrade the clients to 100Mbps. Install a network monitor to adjust the network for better performance.
3:	You are the network administrator of the ABC Company, and you currently have a network client that cannot access the network. When you talk to the user on the phone, you find out that there is no break in the cable and the link lights on the NIC are operational. You then go down to the user 's workstation to troubleshoot. Because you have determined that this is not a lower-layer problem, you are convinced it may be a IP-based problem. What two tools can you use to see whether this is a layer three problem? Ping the default gateway. Use ipconfig to see whether you have a valid IP address. Use ipconfig /release to get a valid IP address. Use ipconfig /flushdns to clear your cache because it may be corrupted.
4:	Marshall is the network administrator for QBC Corp. He runs a network of 20 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 200 Windows XP Professional clients. Marshall is worried about connectivity to the Internet. For some reason, none of the internal clients can resolve anything in the company's Web browsers. Marshall runs some checks on the Internet connection, and it appears to be okay. He then runs some checks and finds out that if he enters the URL http://www.que.com in a browser, he cannot resolve this address, but if he enters the URL http://64.12.107.4 , he can access the site. What could be the possible problem with the network? Marshall is having a problem resolving DNS. He should check the DNS settings. The network core switch is down. Marshall should check the device and reboot it. A bad route in the Internet router keeps Marshall from getting on the Internet. He should add the correct route. WINS is misconfigured. Marshall needs to reconfigure it and try again.
5:	Pete is the systems administrator for RDT, Inc. He runs a network of 25 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 300 Windows XP Professional clients. Pete cannot get a server to connect to the network. He was given an IP address of 10.1.1.12/24 for the server. He has the server plugged into the network backbone (Gigabit Ethernet), which is on the 10.0.1.0/24 subnet. This subnet does not have a DHCP server located on it. What could be the problem? Pete has the correct IP address, but the subnet mask is incorrect. Pete has the correct IP address, but the DHCP server from another segment is interfering with his communications. Pete has the wrong IP address; he needs one for that backbone segment. Pete set up the wrong server and has a duplicate address on the network.
6:	Sally is the senior network administrator for Runners Corp. She runs a network of 20 Windows Server 2003 systems, as well as 250 Windows XP Professional clients. Sally is worried about a client that cannot connect to the network. She does not have an IP address assigned. Sally used ipconfig and found an IP address of 0.0.0.0. She knows that a DHCP server is present on the subnet in which she is located and that all lower-level troubleshooting has been performed, such as checking link lights and cable connectivity. What is the most likely solution to this problem? Sally can issue the ipconfig /renew command to get a new IP address. Sally can issue the ipconfig /flushdns command to get a new IP address. Sally can issue the ipconfig /dsiplayip command to get a new IP address. Sally can issue the ipconfig /release command to get a new IP address.
7:	You are the network administrator for QBC Corp. The company has a network of 25 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 150 Windows XP Professional clients. You need to design a network with a new IP range given to you by your supervisor. You are given a range of 129.0.1.0/24 to use for your clients. What is the proper class that this IP address range falls into? Class A Class B Class C Class D
8:	Marshall is the network administrator for QBC Corp. He runs a network of 20 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 200 Windows XP Professional clients. Marshall is worried about a single PC that cannot connect to the network. Which would be the most logical troubleshooting step to start with? Marshall can use Network Monitor to see whether the network is congested . Marshall can use System Monitor to see whether the network interface card is defective. Marshall can ping localhost. Marshall can use the ipconfig /ipinfo command to see whether he has a valid IP address.
9:	Pete is the systems administrator for RDT, Inc. He runs a network of 25 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 300 Windows XP Professional clients. Pete has been tasked with deploying an IP addressing solution to a remote network. He has to remain within the standards dictated by the networking group to use a private range within the private network. Which private range can he use within the network? Class A: 12.0.0.012.255.255.255 Class B: 172.15.0.0172.31.255.255 Class C: 192.169.0.0192.169.255.255 Class A: 10.0.0.010.255.255.255
10:	Sally is the Senior Network Administrator for Runners Corp. She runs a network of 20 Windows Server 2003 systems, as well as 250 Windows XP Professional clients. Sally has started to troubleshoot a workstation located on subnet 10.1.2.0/24. When Sally started to troubleshoot, she realized after running ipconfig that the workstation is not on the same subnet, which is what is keeping it from communicating. From running ipconfig , she finds an IP address of 169.254.0.1. What is the problem? The NIC failed, and this is the IP address given to show a NIC failure. There is nothing wrong at all; the workstation should communicate without error. The APIPA range 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 is being used probably because the DHCP server failed. The DHCP server is working fine but is doling out the wrong IP address scope.
11:	A router on your network received packets from the LAN destined to remote networks. Your router will make a decision on what class a packet's source and destination IP addresses are from simply from viewing the first few bits of the address. What prefix accurately shows a Class C network? 10 110 1110
12:	Marshall is the network administrator for QBC Corp. He runs a network of 20 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 200 Windows XP Professional clients. Marshall is worried about whether to use static routes or dynamic routes in his routers. He wants to keep the router overhead low, and only one route (a default route) is needed. What course of action should Marshall take? Marshall can use static routes but add a routing protocol as a backup. Marshall can use the dynamic routing protocol OSPF. Marshall can use a single static route. Marshall can use Access Control Lists for reduced routing overhead.
13:	Pete is the systems administrator for RDT, Inc. He runs a network of 25 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 300 Windows XP Professional clients. Pete is worried about configuring the right range of IP addresses for his network. Basically, he is given the choice to select a single Class C range from the private range of IP addresses. What range would fit this need? Pete should assign a private range of 192.165.2.0/24 to the network segment. Pete should assign a private range of 192.167.3.0/24 to the network segment. Pete should assign a private range of 192.169.1.0/24 to the network segment. Pete should assign a private range of 192.168.5.0/24 to the network segment.
14:	Sally is the senior network administrator for Runners Corp. She runs a network of 20 Windows Server 2003 systems, as well as 250 Windows XP Professional clients. Sally is asked to troubleshoot a server that cannot connect to the network. Starting from the most obvious to the most difficult, Sally begins to troubleshoot her server. Sally has isolated the issue to the NIC on the server. What troubleshooting technique makes the most sense to solve this problem? The NIC has no link lights present. ipconfig returns the Hardware error message. ping returns the Destination not found message. ipconfig /renew returns an NIC failure message.
15:	You are the network administrator for QBC Corp. The company has a network of 25 Windows Server 2003 systems on a network backbone, as well as 300 Windows XP Professional clients. You need to test a workstation's capability to get, maintain, and then release an IP address. What two commands would you use to get and then give up an IP address on a host? (Choose only one answer.) ipconfig /off , ipconfig /on ipconfig /release , ipconfig /renew ipconfig /fluship , ipconfig /renewip ipconfig /release , ipconfig /getip

Answers to Review Questions

A1:	A switch on that segment is powered off or has failed. Because you can get to other areas of your network, there is a good chance that you have a simple hardware problem. For more information, see the section "Planning Physical Placement of Network Resources."
A2:	Use the ipconfig /flusndns command on the affected computers to purge the local DNS resolver cache and allow the computer to query a DNS server for the correct IP address. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting DNS Issues."
A3:	The DHCP client leases may have expired on these four workstations, so use the ipconfig /renew command to get a new lease period. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting TCP/IP Addressing."
A4:	Because you have link lights (layer two is good), you would want to move to layer three and see whether you have an IP address. Use the ipconfig command to see whether you have an IP address. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting Client Computers."
A5:	You can use ping to test basic layer three connectivity on the network. Ping the default gateway, a server, or any other device you know is up and operational. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting TCP/IP Addressing."

Answers to Exam Questions

A1:	C. You can solve this issue by using three Class C networks of 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, and 192.168.3.0/24. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting TCP/IP Addressing."
A2:	A, C. To get this network to operate faster and more effectively, Jake should upgrade the backbone to 1000Mbps and upgrade the clients to 100Mbps on the desktop. For more information, see the section "Planning Physical Placement of Network Resources."
A3:	A, B. To solve this problem, you can use two tools: the ping utility and ipconfig . Ping the default gateway to test connectivity and use ipconfig to see whether you have a valid IP address. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting TCP/IP Addressing."
A4:	A. In this situation, Marshall is having a problem resolving DNS. He needs to check DNS settings and resolve any issues with them. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting DNS Issues."
A5:	C. Pete has the wrong IP address; he needs one for that backbone segment. For more information, see the section "Analyzing IP Addressing Requirements."
A6:	A. Sally can issue the ipconfig /renew command to get a new IP address from the DHCP server. Basically, she needs to know that if she sees certain indicators that point to a lack of connectivity but can be solved by renewing an IP address, she needs to renew the lease on a system that may have been released after the time period. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting DHCP Server Issues."
A7:	B. This IP address range falls into Class B. The Class B range is set from 128191. For more information, see the section "Analyzing IP Addressing Requirements."
A8:	C. The IP address 127.0.0.0 is reserved for loopback networks and testing. 127.0.0.1 is also located in the HOSTS file, which allows Marshall to test the IP connectivity of his own machine. If he uses the command ping loopback (which is the hostname located in the HOSTS file), he can resolve to 127.0.0.1 and should see a reply. This way, Marshall knows that IP is configured properlyat least on his own system. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting TCP/IP Addressing."
A9:	D. Class A falls between 10.0.0.0 and 10.255.255.255. Pete can use this entire Class A for internal network private IP addressing. Class B falls between 172.16.0.0 and 172.31.255.255, and Class C falls between 192.168.0.0 and 192.168.255.255. These numbering assignments are kept at www.iana.org. For more information, see the section "TCP/IP Fundamentals."
A10:	C. The APIPA range 169.254.0.1169.254.255.254 is being used probably because the DHCP server failed. This happens when Sally has a client set to get an IP address from a DHCP server, but there is no DHCP server answering requests for service. For more information, see the section "Analyzing IP Addressing Requirements."
A11:	C. The prefix the router looks at would be the first few bits of the IP address, and this is how it knows the class. If you see a 0 as the first bit, it would be a Class A. If the first bit is a 1, it would be Class B. Class C would be two bits turned on, so the prefix would look like 110; thus, Answer C is correct. For more information, see the section "Planning an IP Routing Solution."
A12:	C. Marshall can use a single static route. The best option in this case is to use just a single route statement. Routing protocols are complex and offer significant overhead; they can also be a security risk in some instances. If Marshall needs only a single route, he should simply add that one route, not an entire protocol that would learn more routes than needed and advertise them unnecessarily. For more information, see the section "Planning an IP Routing Solution."
A13:	D. Pete should assign a private range of 192.168.1.0/24 to the network segment. The other answers are all in the public range of IP address assignments, so he should use the 192.168.01.0192.168.255.255 range. Anything in this range is considered a private IP address. For more information, see the section "Analyzing IP Addressing Requirements."
A14:	A. In this situation, the NIC card has no link lights present, which indicates that there is a break somewhere on the network. All other answers given were layer three issues dealing with IP addressing. Sally should always troubleshoot the lower layers first before moving up the model. For more information, see the section "Planning Physical Placement of Network Resources."
A15:	B. To solve this problem, you can use the ipconfig/release or ipconfig/renew command to get a new IP address for use. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting DHCP Server Issues."

Suggested Readings and Resources

1. Microsoft Corporation. 2003. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit . Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. ISBN: 0735614717.

2. Microsoft Corporation. 2003. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Deployment Kit . Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. ISBN: 0735614865.

3. Davies, Joseph, and Thomas Lee. 2003. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference . Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. ISBN: 0735612919.

4. Windows Server 2003 RFC Checklist at www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html:

768 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

783 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

791 Internet Protocol (IP)

792 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

793 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

826 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

854 Telnet Protocol (TELNET)

950 Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure

959 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

1001, 1002 NetBIOS Service Protocols

1065, 1035, 1123, 1886 Domain Name System (DNS)

1256 ICMP Router Discovery Messages

1518 Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR

1519 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

1812 Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers

2131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

2136 Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)

2581 TCP Congestion Control