95. | CGI Programming with Perl

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$CGI variable: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script

determining flow of control through CGI script: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script

$CGI::HEADERS_ONCE variable: 5.5.3. Error Subroutines

$CGI::POST_MAX: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

limiting user shopping carts with: 11.2. Hidden Fields

C language

code in GD module, compiling with gd: 13.3.1. Installation
code in perl modules, compiling problems: B.1.1. Installing Modules
expat library: 14.4. Writing an XML Parser

caching

compiled versions of code

Apache::PerlRun module and: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
Apache::Registry module and: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations

DB_CACHE constant: 12.3. Inverted Index Search

disabling with header method: 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies

discouraging with Expires header: 13.2.1. An Example

image hijacking and: 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking

index, specifying size for: 12.3. Inverted Index Search

intermediate proxies, problems with clearing: 2.5.2. Caching

output, CGI scripts: 5.3.1.3. Caching

requests and responses (HTTP)

addressing problems with: 2.4.2.5. ETag

proxies and: 2.5. Proxies

2.5.2. Caching

capitalization

CGI.pm method names: 5.2.1.1. Accept
coding style guide, covering in: 16.2. Coding Guidelines

Carp module (see CGI\\Carp module)

carriage return and newline sequence (CRLF)

differences in operating systems: 3.3.1.1. Outputting documents
HTTP headers: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers

case sensitivity

case-insensitive indexes: 12.3. Inverted Index Search

12.3. Inverted Index Search

case-insensitive searches: 12.1. Searching One by One

forcing for fgrep with -il options: 12.1. Searching One by One

CGI.pm and Perl methods: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements

HTTP header fields: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers

JavaScript variables: 7.4.1. Bookmarklet Basics

request methods: 2.3.1. The Request Line

catalog page, shopping cart example: 11.2. Hidden Fields

Cc field (carbon-copy), email messages: 9.3. Structure of Internet Email

certificates (server and browser), information about: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables

cgi-bin directory: 1.2. Introduction to CGI

cgi path in URL vs.: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory

CGI (Common Gateway Interface): 1. Getting Started

3. The Common Gateway Interface

advantages over alternative technologies: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

alternatives to: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

applications (see programs, CGI)

disallowing execution while enabling exec command: 6.2.1. Configuration

e-commerce, use in: 1.1.1. How CGI Is Used Today

environment: 3. The Common Gateway Interface

environment variables: 3.2. Environment Variables

less common CGI environment variables: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
standard CGI environment variables: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables

forms and: 4. Forms and CGI

decoding form input: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
HTML tags: 4.2. Form Tags
sending data to server: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server

history: 1.1. History

Mason module and: 6.5. Mason

middleware: 14. Middleware and XML

communicating with other servers: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers
consolidating databases other than on Internet: 14. Middleware and XML

NCSA Common Gateway Interface specification: A.4. Other Specifications

output

SSI parsing of: 6.2. Server Side Includes

Perl language, advantages of using: 1.3. Alternative Technologies

PUT and DELETE methods, not using: 2.3.1.1. PUT and DELETE

scripts (see programs, CGI)

web server configuration: 1.4. Web Server Configuration

cgi path in URL: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory

CGIBook::Error module, creating (example): 5.5.4. Custom Module

CGIBook::UserTracker module: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information

CGI::Carp module: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware

set_message: 5.5.2. CGI::Carp
trapping fatal calls and redirecting messages to browser: 15.2.4. Trap die
using with fatalsToBrowser: 6.4.5.1. Embperl handler

cgi_error method: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

CGI::Fast module: 17.2. FastCGI

CGI.pm module: 5. CGI.pm

14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
automatic prompt for form values, versions without: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
editing to use POST and query strings together: 5.2.2.2. POST and the query string
file uploads, disabling: 5.1.1. Denial of Service Attacks
form parameters, prompting for: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
functions of: 5.1.2. The Kitchen Sink
$HEADERS_ONCE variable: 5.5.3. Error Subroutines
input, handling with: 5.2. Handling Input with CGI.pm
Mason module vs.: 6.5.1. A Component Approach
output, generating with: 5.3. Generating Output with CGI.pm
raw_cookie method: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies
script_name method: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
standard and object-oriented syntax: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax

CGI::Pretty module: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements

character data, XML elements: 14.3. Document Type Definition

character sets

content negotiation and: 2.6. Content Negotiation
internationalization in content negotiation: 2.6.2. Internationalization

characters

allowed in URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
converting hexadecimal values to (chr function): 2.1.3. URL Encoding
encoded, Authorization field: 2.3.2.4. Authorization
nonalphanumeric (parameters names), changing to underscores: 5.2.3. Exporting Parameters to a Namespace
password fields, representing with asterisks or bullets: 4.2.3.2. Password fields
required encoding in URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
special meanings in shells: 8.2.2. User Input and the Shell
URL-encoded: 4.3. Decoding Form Input

Chart::PNGgraph module: 13.4.2. GD::Graph

charts: 13.4.3. GD::Graph3D

(see also graphs; individual chart types)
creating with GD::Graph modules: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
three-dimensional, generating with GD::Graph3D: 13.4.3. GD::Graph3D

checkboxes: 4.2.3.4. Checkboxes

CHECKED attribute: 4.2.3.4. Checkboxes

radio buttons: 4.2.3.5. Radio buttons

checking form data with JavaScript: 7.2.1.1. Validating elements

7.2.1.2. Validating submits
7.2.1.3. Validation example
7.2.1.3. Validation example

checking permissions, CGI programs: 15.1.1. Application Permissions

checking server error logs: 15.3.2. Check Error Logs

checking status of system calls, error prevention and: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls

check_input, problems using with mod_perl: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations

checkout page, shopping cart example: 11.2. Hidden Fields

check_referer.cgi script (example): 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking

checksums, entity tags and: 2.4.2.5. ETag

child processes

creating with pipe connected: 8.2.4. fork and exec
PID, checking: 15.2.3. Is It Open?

chmod command: 15.1.1. Application Permissions

client browsers (see web browsers)

clients

content negotiation, performing: 2.6. Content Negotiation
creating fully configurable in Perl: 14.1.3. LWP
forbidding access to requested resources: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
identifying: 2.5.1. Identifying Clients
requests: 11. Maintaining State
semi-automonous (JavaScript-enabled web pages): 7.3. Data Exchange
validating data from: 7.2.1.4. Validating twice

client/server, communication between: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers

closing tags

CGI.pm methods, automatic generation of: 5.3. Generating Output with CGI.pm
HTML elements not having: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements
HTML::Template commands: 6.3.1. Syntax

code

blocks of, enclosing with bracket pairs in Embperl: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
coding guidelines, CGI programs: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
encoding text for URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
Perl, techniques for avoiding bugs: 15.2. Perl Coding Techniques

ColdFusion language: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

collecting data (forms): 4. Forms and CGI

colon-separated list of file ids for index words: 12.3.1. Search Application

color, support by image file formats: 13.1.1. GIF

COLUMNS attribute: 4.2.5. The <TEXTAREA> Tag

comma-delimited flat text file: 10.4.1. Using DBI

command line

arguments, reference to hash of: 12.3. Inverted Index Search

CGI scripts, running from: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line

checking Perl syntax for errors from: 15.1.4. "Malformed" Header

debugger (Perl), using from: 15.3.5.1. The Perl debugger

options

sendmail: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options

options, handling with Getopt::Long module: 12.3. Inverted Index Search

commands: 1.2.1. Sample CGI

accepting, forms: 4. Forms and CGI

apachectl command (Apache server): 1.4. Web Server Configuration

chmod (change mode): 15.1.1. Application Permissions

debugging CGI scripts, summary of basic: 15.3.5.1. The Perl debugger

executable files, creating on Unix: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts

HTML::Template: 6.3.1. Syntax

summary of: 6.3.1. Syntax

locating perl, Unix systems: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang

ScriptAlias: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory

SSI: 6.2. Server Side Includes

syntax: 6.2.2. Format

system

checking status for error prevention: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
grep command: 17.1.8. Avoid the Shell
open command: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
uptime command (Unix): 13.3.2. Using GD

commas, using as delimiters: 10.1.4. Delimiters

comments

for bookmarklets: 7.4.2. Bookmarklets and CGI
bracket pairs, enclosing in Embperl: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
code, developing guidelines for: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
comment tags, inserting around style sheet code: 5.3.2.1. start_html
in email addresses: 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
HTML::Template commands, formatting as: 6.3.1. Syntax
preceding with # (Apache server): 1.4.1.2. Configuring by extension

comments.cgi script (example): 7.4.2. Bookmarklets and CGI

communicating with other servers: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers

sockets: 14.1.1. Sockets

commute time (example)

mixed graph of sample daily: 13.4.2. GD::Graph

pie chart of sample daily: 13.4.2. GD::Graph

outputting JPEG if browser doesn't support PNG: 13.5.2. Converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs

compatibility with browsers

JavaScript bookmarklets: 7.4.1.1. Compatibility
JavaScript problems with: 7.1.2. Compatibility

compilation, combining with execution in perl: 1.3.1. Why Perl?

complete (non-parsed) headers: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers

components, Mason module: 6.5. Mason

compression

encoding: 2.6.3. Encoding
GIF image files: 13.1.1. GIF
image file formats: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser
lossy, use in JPEG: 13.1.3. JPEG
PNG images: 13.1.2. PNG

CompuServe, creation of GIF image file format: 13.1.1. GIF

conditionals, creating in HTML::Template: 6.3.1.2. Conditionals

conditions, specifying for .procmailrc file: 9.7.1. Autoreply from nobody

config command (SSI): 6.2.2. Format

6.2.4. Tailoring SSI Output

configuration

Apache with mod_perl: 17.3.1. Installation and Configuration
Apache::Registry: 17.3.1. Installation and Configuration
CGI scripts, by web servers: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts
Embperl module: 6.4.1. Configuration
separation from primary code: 16.1.4. Separate Configuration from Your Primary Code
servers, parsing SSI: 6.2.1. Configuration
web servers, for CGI and Perl: 1.4. Web Server Configuration

confirmation to user, sent email: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options

connections

to DBI databases: 10.4.1.1. Connecting to DBI

server to browser

closing: 11. Maintaining State
staying open across multiple requests: 11. Maintaining State

sockets listening for: 14.1.1. Sockets

constant module: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations

Content-base field: 2.4.2.1. Content-Base

content (HTTP messages): 2.2.1. The Request and Response Cycle

separating from header with blank line: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers

Content-length headers: 2.3.2.2. Content-Length

2.4.2.2. Content-Length
POST requests and: 3.1.1.1. STDIN

content negotiation: 2.6. Content Negotiation

encoding: 2.6.3. Encoding

internationalization: 2.6.2. Internationalization

media type: 2.6.1. Media Type

2.6.1. Media Type
(see also media types)

Content-type headers: 2.4.2.3. Content-Type

3.3.1.1. Outputting documents
CGI scripts, returning: 3.3.1. Partial Headers
complete headers, including in: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
error status codes, returning with: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
header method, returning with: 5.3.1.1. Media type
malformed: 15.1.4. "Malformed" Header
media types, specifying in: 2.6.1. Media Type

content types

Accept method, evaluation of: 5.2.1.1. Accept
files, Mason module and: 6.5.1. A Component Approach
image/jpeg: 13.5.4. Image Processing

control structures (Perl), enclosing bracket pairs (Embperl): 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks

converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs: 13.5.2. Converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs

Cookie header: 2.3.2.8. Cookies

11.3.1. Setting Cookies
11.3.1. Setting Cookies

cookies

HTTP_COOKIE environment variable: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables

maintaining state with: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies

setting cookies: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies
testing for: 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies

restrictions on: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies

Set-cookie field: 2.4.2.9. Set-Cookie

storing unique identifiers in: 11. Maintaining State

cookie_test.cgi scrip (example): 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies

coordinates, changing for titles of GD images: 13.4.1.1. GD::Text::Align

copyright notice, displaying with image: 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking

counters, access: 6.2.6. Executing CGI Programs

CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network): B.1. CPAN

HTML::Template information: 6.3.2. Summary
installing modules from: B.1.1. Installing Modules
open source modules for Perl: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
URI::URL module: 2.1.3. URL Encoding

create table command: 10.3.1. Creating a Database

10.4.2.1. Address book database creation script

creating databases: 10.3.1. Creating a Database

accessing and inserting data: 10.3.2. Inserting Data

CRLF (carriage return and line feed): 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

(see also end-of-line characters; newlines)
operating systems and HTTP header requirements: 3.3.1.1. Outputting documents

CSV (comma separated values): 10.1.4. Delimiters

10.1.5. DBD::CSV
10.1.5. DBD::CSV
10.4.1. Using DBI

current_time.cgi script (example): 6.3.1. Syntax

current_time.tmpl (HTML template): 6.3.1. Syntax

customizing SSI output: 6.2.4. Tailoring SSI Output

CVS and RCS, revision control systems: 16.1.1. Plan for Future Growth

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