Review Questions

1.	What type of communication does a failover server typically have with the primary server? Total. They are two virtual servers in the same box. The two machines are in different sites connected by a modem. The two machines are in different sites connected by sleeping NICs. A dedicated network cable links the two servers. None. The failover server is on a separate network for protection.
2.	What does the failover server listen for to determine if it needs to take over services? Ping Heartbeat Shutdown sequence Startup sequence Telnet session
3.	What technology does VMS use to allow multiple servers to access the same resources to provide load balancing and fault tolerance? Clusters Proxies Slave servers Master servers Failover servers
4.	What benefit does a backup system give you? A master/slave server combination A clustered network that is up 100 percent of the time Copies of data on tape or removable media A power conditioner A UPS with a built-in surge protector
5.	What RAID level provides the fastest access times with no fault tolerance? 0 1 3 5 10
6.	RAID level 1 is more commonly known as ___________________. Striping Striping with parity Duplicating Mirroring Master/slave
7.	What is the minimum number of hard disks required for RAID 5? One Two Three Four Five
8.	What are the differences between disk duplexing and disk mirroring? (Choose all that apply.) Disk duplexing uses one controller card, whereas mirroring uses two. Disk duplexing uses two controller cards, whereas mirroring uses one. Disk duplexing is slower because it uses only two disks, whereas mirroring uses three. Disk duplexing is faster because it uses three disks, whereas mirroring uses two. Disk duplexing can have a controller fail and not lose access to data. Mirroring can have a controller fail and not lose access to data.
9.	You are newly hired as a network administrator for a workgroup. The workgroup server has two 6GB disks. The first has 3GB used and the second has 2GB used. Required Results: Without reformatting the hard disks, implement a fault-tolerant partition. Optional Results: Provide for the highest level of fault tolerance without buying another hard disk. Use the maximum amount of space that will work with your RAID solution. Proposed Solution: Purchase two RAID 1 duplexing controllers. Implement duplexing. Use all the available free space on both hard disks to create a 3GB duplexed partition. The proposed solution meets the required results. The proposed solution meets the required results and one of the optional results. The proposed solution meets the required results and both of the optional results. The proposed solution does not meet the required results.
10.	What power management device should be connected to every server? SPS UPS APS USPS SPSS
11.	What power management device is best suited for noncritical workstations and home stereo equipment? Standby Power Supply (SPS) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Power conditioner Gas generator Surge protector
12.	A brownout is ______________________________________________. A long increase in power A change from AC to DC power A reduction in power A short decrease in power
13.	What is an electrical spike? A long increase in power A change from AC to DC power A reduction in power A short increase in power
14.	A full backup does what to the archive bit once a backup has completed? Clears it Activates it Does nothing Sets it to 100 Resets it to 1000
15.	In which type of backup do you use a maximum of two backup sessions to restore a file or a group of files? Full Partial Incremental Additional Differential
16.	An incremental backup copies __________________________ to tape. Data files only Operating system files only Files with the archive clear Files that have changed since the last full backup only Files changed since the last full or incremental backup
17.	Compared with other backup schemes required to fully restore a server, the restore time from a full backup is _____________________. The shortest because multiple sessions are accessed The shortest because a single session is accessed The longest because multiple sessions are accessed The longest because a single session is accessed The same length of time as all other backup schemes
18.	Which type of backup tape has the greatest capacity? QIC AIT DAT DLT Travan
19.	How often should you update your virus definition files? Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly Yearly
20.	You should get your updates from which source(s)? (Choose all that apply.) Manufacturer Online magazine Postal magazine Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) Shareware website

Answers

1.	D.  A failover server must have a connection available to the other server in case the other server goes down. Thus, there is a dedicated network between the two to ensure that the other server will be available when the failover occurs.
2.	B.  Failover servers send a signal to the backup failover server every few seconds. When the backup server detects that the primary server has not sent the signal after a specified time, the failover takes over until the primary comes back online. This signal is known as a “heartbeat.”
3.	A.  VMS clustering makes many servers appear as one. If one server malfunctions, the others will keep functioning, thus allowing no breaks in network services.
4.	C.  Backup systems are designed to provide a backup copy of existing data in case of system failure. These copies are typically stored on magnetic tape or some other kind of removable media.
5.	A.  RAID 0 is where you use multiple disks as a single volume and the data is striped across all drives. This RAID level gives you increased performance, but doesn’t provide any increased reliability.
6.	D.  RAID level 1 is more commonly known as mirroring, or duplexing. Mirroring is where you have two disks of the same size and data is written to both disks at once. If one fails, the other is available to service disk requests.
7.	C.  Although five or more disks are commonly used, the minimum number of hard-disk drives needed for a RAID level 5 configuration is three.
8.	B, E.  By definition, the major differences between disk duplexing and mirroring are that in a duplex configuration, the disks are mirrored, but each disk has its own disk controller adapter card installed in the computer. The reason for this is that in a mirrored configuration, if a disk controller fails, both mirrored disks are lost. Duplexing provides an extra level of protection.
9.	C.  RAID 1 provides fault tolerance, does not require reformatting of used portions of the drive, and, in this case, does not require the purchase of additional hard drives.
10.	B.  An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides the most power protection and management features of those listed. It should be connected to every server to protect the server from power problems.
11.	E.  A surge protector provides only a basic level of protection against specific power overage problems. It won’t protect a server against power underage (sags, brownouts, blackouts) problems.
12.	D.  A brownout occurs when the power dips below standard levels for several seconds and then returns to normal level.
13.	D.  A spike is an extremely short increase in power that is immediately followed by a return to normal voltage levels. It gets its name because a graph of this condition looks like a spike.
14.	A.  A full backup will clear the archive bit on every file it backs up.
15.	E.  A differential backup uses a full backup and a daily backup that backs up everything that has changed since the last full backup. When a restore needs to happen, only two tapes will be used.
16.	E.  An incremental backup backs up the files that have changed since the last full or incremental backup. Each time an incremental backup backs up files, it clears the archive bit.
17.	B.  Because you are restoring only a single backup session, it doesn’t take as long as it would if you had to restore from either a differential or incremental where you have, at the very least, two sessions or more.
18.	D.  At the time of the writing of this book, Digital Linear Tape (DLT) has the highest capacity (hundreds of gigabytes) of those backup tape technologies listed.
19.	B.  Because new viruses are introduced often (approximately once or twice a month), the generally accepted guidelines are to update the virus definition files for your antivirus software approximately once a week.
20.	A, D.  The best places to get updates (such as patches, fixes, and upgrades) for a particular software or hardware item is from either the manufacturer of that item or the OEM distributor. They can provide patches and more on a website or via a CD mailing.