Adaptive resonance theory, also called ART1, is a clustering algorithm that provides the ability to separate (or cluster) elements in a data set into independent data sets based upon properties of the individual data items. The algorithm does this in an unsupervised manner, allowing the algorithm to find patterns in the data that a user may not notice. In chapter 3, the practical problem of personalization is used to demonstrate ART1 in the context of a recommender system. The algorithm and application can be found on the CD-ROM at ./software/ch3 .