Index_P

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P

Packets

communication and, 4

headers, 7–12

processing in network stack, 13–15

Parameter checking, 152–153

Path MTU Discovery, 131

PDUs. (Protocol Data Units), 13–15

Peer sockets

closure, 106–108, 146

getpeername function, 60, 66, 123, 170–171

identifying peers, 123

Performance

advantages and disadvantages to select, 136–137

ensuring full-sized segments, 130–131

minimizing latency, 133–135

multiple sockets, 137

optimizing send/receive buffers, 131–133

reading/writing all available data, 135–136

separating control and data connections, 138

stack callbacks, 138–139

stack configuration, 141

stack selection, 140–141

UDP vs. TCP, 140

zero-copy buffer functions, 139

Perl

accept method, 223–224

bind method, 221–222

broadcast server/client code pattern, 374–376

CD-ROM companion software, 366

connect method, 224–225

creating and destroying sockets, 218–220

datagram (UDP) server/client code pattern, 369–371

datagram sockets, 228–229

event notification, 232–233

gethostbyaddress method, 231

gethostbyname method, 231

getservbyname method, 232

getservbyport method, 232

HTTP server code pattern, 377–382

interpreter/tools used, 216–217

listen method, 222–223

LWP::Simple module, 235

multicast server/client code pattern, 371–374

Net::SMTP module, 234–235

networking API summary, 217–218

networking API, 217, 234–235

origins and heritage, 216

references and resources, 236

SMTP client code pattern, 382–386

socket addresses, 220–221

socket options, 229–231

sockets I/O, 225–229

stream (TCP) server/client code pattern, 366–369

stream sockets, 225–228

TCP server and select method, 232–233

where to download tools, 217

Physical layer

communication via, 5–6

packet processing in network stack, 13–15

Port numbers

getservbyname function, 60, 75–77, 209, 232, 254

getservbyport function, 60, 77–78, 232

identifying services by, 125–127

overview of protocols, 5–6, 26

Perl methods for port information, 231

Python methods for port information, 209

Ruby methods for port information, 255

Tcl methods for port information, 271

Port scanner, 113–116

Precedence and TOS field, 94, 96–97

Programming, defensive

avoiding buffer overflow, 151–152

checking error returns, 152

checking input and output parameters, 152–153

declaring string arrays, 153

enabling compiler warnings, 155

initializing all variables, 154

minimizing protocol feedback, 153–154

Programming, sockets

paradigm, 26–27

sample client, 30–32

sample server, 27–30  see also Code patterns

Protocols

getprotobyname function, 123–125

identifying service ports and, 125–127

minimizing feedback, 153–154

PDUs, 13–15

port numbers, 5–6  see also specific protocols

Python

accept method, 202

bind method, 201

broadcast server/client code patterns, 352–354

CD-ROM companion software, 344

connect method, 202–203

creating and destroying sockets, 199–200

datagram (UDP) server/client code patterns, 347–349

datagram sockets, 204–205

event notification, 209–210

gethostbyaddress method, 208

gethostbyname method, 208

gethostname method, 208

getservbyname method, 209

HTTP server code patterns, 354–360

httplib module, 211–212

interpreter/tools used, 197

listen method, 201

multicast server/client code patterns, 349–352

networking API, 197, 210–213

origins and heritage, 196

PSF (Python Software Foundation), 196

references and resources, 213

SMTP client code patterns, 360–364

smtplib module, 211

socket addresses, 163–164

socket options, 205–208

Sockets API summary, 197–198

sockets I/O, 203–205

SocketServer module, 212–213

SocketServer module, 212–213

stream (TCP) server/client code patterns, 344–347

stream sockets, 203–204

TCP server and select method, 209–210

where to download tools, 197

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