Index_B

B

background prefetch events, 242

backspace character, 105

bandwidth, reserving USB, 394

banks of memory, 140

base (numbering system, radix), 12

base 16, 15

base-8 numbering system, 13, 18

base-10 numbering system, 11-12

base address

of an allocated memory region, 165

of an array, 169

of a record, 183

base register values for sib encoding, 285

basic system components , 134

BCD (binary-coded decimal)

calculations, 32

data representation in a byte, 31-32

BCDIC (Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), 107

best-fit memory allocation, 323

biased (excess) exponents, 73

bidirectional ports, 332

big endian and little endian data

mixing, 145

organization, 144

binary

data types, 21

division, 43

encoding, 226

formats, fixed-point, 34

to hexadecimal conversion, 17, 78

I/O (to disk files), 388

literal constants, 15

logical operations on, 47

longhand division in, 45

making easier to read, 14

minterms from, 199

operations, 47

operator, 192

properties, 25

subscript notation, 15

subtraction, 41

binary addition, 40

binary arithmetic, 39

Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (BCDIC), 107

binary conversion

between decimal, 14

between hexadecimal, 17

between octal, 18-19

binary multiplication, 42

binary numbering system, 13

binary representation, 10-11, 15

binary string, 49

binary-coded decimal (BCD) representation, 31

binding of attributes to objects, 317

bit

80 —86 instruction encoding, 282

in binary string, comparing, 49

density (on a hard disk), 354

dirty, 308

floating-point number, 72

forcing, 48

guard, 77

high order (HO), 22

idioms, 48

inverting, 48

layout in a double word, 23

logical operations on, 46

low order (LO), 22

masking, 48

numbering, 22

operations, 46, 48

page table, 335

sign, 24

significance, 22

string masks, 48

testing, 49

two's complement sign, 24

zero or one, 48

zero/not zero, 49

bit fields, 55

C, 58

extracting, 62

inserting data into, 62

instruction encoding, 262

packed data, 55

bit string, 22, 47

in C, packed, 58

logical operations on binary numbers and, 47

manipulating bits in, 48

masking, 48

packing, 55

representable values, 24

U.S. Social Security numbers, 60

bit-by-bit operations, 47

bitmap, 377

bitwise instructions, 80 —86 assembly, 48

bitwise operations, 47

bitwise operators, Visual Basic, 48

BIU (Bus Interface Unit), 240

block

on a disk, 353

freeing a memory, 324

heap management, 322

list

large files, 384

medium- sized files, 383

small files, 382

preallocation of file, 387

block caching, 375

block started by a symbol (BSS) sections, 320

blowing revs, 356

Boolean

AND operation, 192

AND operator precedence, 194

associativity, 192-93

canonical form, 198, 199

circuits and, 213

closure, 192-93

combining rectangles, 206

commutativity, 192-93

decoders, 215-16

distribution, 192-93

full adder , 215

half adder, 215

identity element, 193

inverse element, 193

literals, 198, 199

logic, 4, 191

map simplification, 204

maxterms, 203

minterms, 199-200

NAND implementation, 213

negation, 192

NOT operation, 192

NOT operator precedence, 194

number of functions for n input variables , 198

OR operation, 192

precedence, 194

rectangles in a truth map, 208-9

seven-segment decoder, 215

Boolean algebra, 192

and computers, 212

manipulation, 198

theorems, 193

Boolean complement, 192-93

Boolean expressions, 191, 194, 198

algebraic manipulation of, 198

logical AND, 194

logical NOT, 194

logical OR, 194

Boolean functions, 194

electronic circuits and, 213

map method for, 204

minterms, 200

names , 196

NAND, universal, 213

number of, 195

numbers, 197

optimization, 204

simplification, 204

truth tables, 194

unique, 195

variables, 195

Boolean operations, 46

associative, 193

distributive, 193

identity element for, 193

logical complement for, 193

Boolean operators, 192

associativity, 194

precedence, 194

Boolean postulates, 192-93

Boolean products, 198, 199, 203

Boolean sum, 203

Boolean term , 198-99

Boolean theorems, 193

Boolean truth maps, 204-12

combining rectangles in, 206

special cases in, 208

Boolean truth tables, 194

borrow , 41

bounds checking, 171

BSS section

block started by a symbol, 320

in a program, 319

uninitialized storage, 319

buffer, translation lookaside (TLB), 310

buffering, peripheral device data, 341

bulk transmissions, USB, 393

burst mode, PCI bus, 340

bus

8-bit, 139

16-bit, 140

32-bit, 142

64-bit, 143

address, 135

AGP, 314, 341

burst mode on PCI, 340

clock frequencies, 151

connecting PCI and ISA, 339

contention for, 246

control, 134, 136

cycles, 240

data, 134, 135

data access, 16-bit, 140

EISA, 338

enumeration, USB, 395

high data transfer rates, 342

I/O address, 137

interface unit, 240

interrupt lines on, 136

ISA, 338

performance, 340

NuBus, 338

organization, 133

PCI, 314, 336, 338-40

PCI-X, 340, 341

performance of ISA, 340

peer-to-peer, 369

prefetch queues and wide, 243

read operations, 151

starvation on USB, 393

system, 134, 338

write operations, 151

bus interface, AGP, 341

busy line, 350

BX(Y86 register), 276

byte, 22

addressable memory, 137

accessing a word in, 138

array, 140

double word storage, 138, 144

BCD data representation in, 31-32

double word, 23, 144

enable lines, 137, 142

fetched , 240

gender, 145-46

high order (HO), 22

instruction set, 279

low order (LO), 22

in memory, 147

mod-reg-r/m , 281

opcode prefix, 279, 280

padding, 172, 184

sex, 145

shift left, 52

shift right, 53

in a word, 23