L

Labeled security protection, 354

LAMP, 475–478

LAN (local area network), 440

Languages, shell vs. other programming, 585–586

Least privilege, principle of, 331

len function (Python), 680–681

length function (Perl), 647

Leopard (Mac OS X), 23

less command, 85, 87–88

let command, for arithmetic operations, 597

lex tool, 726

Libraries

creating and using, 706–708

dynamically linked, 707–708

statistically linked, 707

LIDS (Linux Intrusion and Detection System), 517

Life of a process, explained, 306

LILO (Linux Loader), 370

limit command, 413

Line editor

(see also emacs editor; vi)

setting in bash and ksh, 127

setting in tcsh, 127

Link count, for a file or directory, 80

Linker, of gcc compiler, 709

Linking files, 70–72

Links (hyperlinks), 290, 295–296

example using, 61

explained, 70

in HTML documents, 800

types of, 61

Linux, 13–14, 18–19

Linux Apache package directory structure, 462–463

Linux distributions, 19

explained, 38

installing on a PC, 38–39

Linux file system, 404

Linux firewalls, 515

Linux system administration menus, 359

linuxconf tool, 359

List methods, in Python, 683

List slices, in Python, 682–683

Listener administration, 488–489

Listeners, event, 749–750

Listings

(see also ls command)

long form of, 79–80

sorting, 79

Lists, 592, 682–683

LISTSERV program, 285–286

LiteSpeed web server, 782

ln command, 71, 466

ln -s command, 71

Local connection to a UNIX machine, 37–39

Local mail, 227

Local variables, 648

locate command, 75

Log file handling, 415

Log files, Apache, 480–481

Logging into a machine, 252

Logging into a UNIX system, 40–44

Logging off safely, 107, 348–349

Logging out

of GNOME, 188

of KDE, 221–222

of UNIX System, 52, 95

Logical conditions, 597–604

in Java, 735–736

in Perl, 653–656

in Python, 685–687

Logical operators, 599

in awk, 625, 630–632

in Java, 734

Login name (UNIX system), 41

.login sample file, 112

Login screen

for GNOME under Fedora Core 4, 168

for KDE under Fedora Core 4, 200

Login session (GNOME), 170

Login session (KDE), 202

Login shell

changing, 94–95

explained, 94

logresolve facility (Apache), 480

logs directory, 462–463

Long files, viewing, 85–88

Loopback addresses, 486

Loopback device, explained, 409

Loops, writing, 604–607

Lost passwords, 380–381

lp -c command, 90

lp (line printer) command, 88–90

lp -d command, 89

lp -m command, 89

lp scheduler, 385–386

lp system, 88–91, 385–386

lpadmin command, 385

lpq (Linux command), 88, 90–91

lpr (Linux command), 88–89

lprm (Linux command), 88, 91

lpstat command, 88, 90–91

ls (list) command, 44–45, 62–63, 77–85

ls -a, 77, 79

ls -b, 78

ls -F, 63, 79

ls -i, 71

ls -l, 79, 395

ls -l, 78

ls -q, 79

ls -R, 63, 79

ls -t, 79

ls -x, 78

LSB (Linux Standard Base), 19