Why Determines How

When you get clear on the reasons you need to involve others in your work, you'll become clear on the kind of involvement you'll need to get the job done.

Here are four basic reasons for reaching out to engage others:

You need others' specific expertise or "Know-How Involvement"—there are skills and knowledge required that you don't have.
You need others' help with basic to do's or "Arms and Legs Involvement"—the job is too big for you to get done on your own.
You need others' buy-in or "Care and Commitment Involvement"—without their long-term commitment you'll never be successful.
You need others to become more capable in the future or "Teaching and Learning Involvement"—this enables others to take on more responsibilities and frees you to make other contributions.

These different kinds of involvement are not mutually exclusive. In most cases, you'll need to tap into more than one type of involvement to be successful. Let's take a look at the story of Jake and his new puppy that opened this chapter.

Jake needed the Know-How Involvement of the obedience class instructor to tame Theo's rambunctious behavior. He needed the Arms and Legs Involvement of his kids to pitch in with Theo's training when he was out of town. His wife's Care and Commitment Involvement was a critical success factor, because if she didn't buy in to the whole idea of another dog, Theo would never have made it in the front door. And during those hours spent in the yard calling out "Heel, Theo, heel!" Jake needed Teaching and Learning Involvement from the pup so that he didn't face the prospect of losing his voice every time he walked the dog.

Our engineer focused on a different combination of types of involvement in reducing the cycle time it took to make revisions to engineering drawings. He believed he had the knowledge and experience to complete the redesign work on his own, but doing so could have left others confused about why he was making certain changes. They could have objected to his plans. This told him he needed to reach out and create some Care and Commitment Involvement.

By completing his return on involvement analysis, he realized that without involving others, he could also be missing an opportunity to come up with the best solution to his problem. Though he thought he knew enough to solve the problem on his own, it was clear to him that others had experiences and perspectives he did not. So there was also a component of Know-How Involvement he needed to consider as he went about his work.

Let's take a closer look at each of these four kinds of involvement and how you'll know which is your best bet in different situations.

Know-How Involvement. You use Know-How Involvement to tap into skills, knowledge, or experience that is needed to move your work forward but that you don't possess. Telltale signs that this is the kind of involvement you need include situations where you:

Realize you lack formal schooling for the work at hand. This is the case, for example, when you could benefit from having a finance expert on a project team at work, a marketing expert for a new program at your local school, or an engineer to help assess the renovations needed at your church.
Are clear about your current circumstances and where you want to be in the future, but don't see a roadmap for getting from "here" to "there." Architects, interior designers, and general contractors can all help you bring the image of your dream home into focus and lay out the steps to follow in building it. A manager may know specifications for features and pricing of a new product, but she needs members of her development team to chart a course that creates the actual product.
Might have some expertise in a particular area, but where others have more and could do the job better, faster, or cheaper. Yes, you might eventually get that new disposal installed in the kitchen, but a professional plumber could have it done this afternoon, putting you in a much better mood for going out on the town later that night. At work, you might have come up through the ranks as an engineer and still be less than an expert when it comes to the latest software. This is a time to make use of Know-How Involvement.

Arms and Legs Involvement. You use Arms and Legs Involvement to check off to do's when the list is too long for you to tackle on your own. You've got the know-how, but the scope of work exceeds your time and energy or you'd be better off applying your expertise in other ways. Here are some situations that set off warning bells that it's time to reach out for this kind of involvement:

The work is simple and repetitive—easily done by another. When it's time to move to a new home, close friends sometimes pitch in to help you pack. You might even hire parts of the job out to professional movers. Retail businesses are famous for an "all hands on deck" approach to sales days when people come flocking in and the standard shift assignments alone would lead to long lines and disgruntled customers.
The amount of work is more than you can handle on your own. Have you ever signed on to organize the Christmas tree sales or car washing fundraisers for your child's scout or youth group? Imagine the hours you'd have spent freezing or soaked if other parents had not contributed their fair share. If you've ever had a hand in setting up for a large meeting or trade show at work, you know firsthand the benefits of Arms and Legs Involvement.
Your time could be better spent doing other things. Hiring out your lawn care, house cleaning, or even the babysitter on Saturday night are all examples of this kind of involvement. Public transportation such as buses and trains are another example of this type of involvement. They make it possible to finish a final edit on a paper or catch a catnap on the way to and from work.

Care and Commitment Involvement. You use Care and Commitment Involvement to create buy-in from others to the work you need to do. This type of involvement is called for when:

The work you are doing involves change. Without others' caring and commitment, you'll never implement your best-laid plans. At a personal level, marriage is a great example requiring this kind of involvement. It can represent the single greatest change in your life. Without deep caring and commitment, couples never stand a chance of adapting to the many changes that go hand-in-hand with those vows. When you think about getting people on board with new strategies or ways of working in organizations, Caring and Commitment Involvement is what you're after.
You need people to stay involved over an extended period of time. If you agree to take tickets at the door for your church's annual fundraiser, that's Arms and Legs Involvement. But if you've chaired the planning subcommittee for the six months leading up to the gala event, you're clearly in Care and Commitment Involvement territory. The best teams you've been part of have featured this type of involvement. You were in it together over the long haul to accomplish shared goals.
The work before you will be difficult or you're not certain of success. This is when people's extra effort can make the difference between success and failure. Families need this level of extraordinary involvement when a child is failing school or an elderly parent needs to move in with adult children. In both cases, the path ahead will be challenging and you'll have an easier time navigating these uncharted waters with a healthy dose of Care and Commitment Involvement. Turning around a company that's in danger of going out of business or being acquired is an example of the same dynamic in a business setting.

Teaching and Learning Involvement. You use Teaching and Learning Involvement to build others' skills and knowledge so they become more capable of doing their work in the future. Situations where this type of involvement is needed include:

When others want to grow and develop and seek you out as a mentor (or vice versa). This is one of the highest compliments you can be paid—others value what you're doing and how you're doing it so much that they're asking you to be their personal coach. An informal cup of coffee once a month with the immediate past president of the community board you're now heading up is an example of this. You may have hit it off with a boss early in your career whom you still stay in touch with and whose advice you value.
When an organization makes a conscious effort to develop people in it. This is where formal programs come into play. Your church, temple, or mosque likely has scripture classes or study groups available so congregation members can learn more about their religion and live in line with its teachings. You may also have a development plan with a career ladder at your workplace. The company's course offerings are all part of a planned effort for you to develop and become a more valuable contributor.
When you know there is other important work for you to do, if only there were someone who could do what you're now doing. It's a great gift when you're headed out of town for a well-deserved vacation if your kids know how to cook dinner for themselves. Think of the time that you'll have available for packing before you leave instead of slaving away in the kitchen preparing a week's worth of dinners. When some in your company learn how to take the lead in keeping the daily operations humming, it creates valuable time for you and others to begin planning for the future.

Getting clear on the kind of involvement you need by using the tools we've provided will generate your excitement and energy around the work ahead. Furthermore, it's a different kind of energy than if you'd started with an immediate rush into activity. Rather than feeling under the gun—"The clock is ticking!"—you'll feel grounded and quietly confident about your ability to engage others. You can never guarantee smooth sailing for all your work. But rough seas can be minimized if you get clear on the kind of involvement you need before you get started.