F

false command, 606

fdformat command, 407

fdisk command, 407, 540–541

Fedora Core Linux, 39

fetchmail command, 244

fg command, 108

fgrep command, 551–552

Field separator for shell input, 608

Field separators in awk, 620

Fields, 556–561

in awk, 619–620, 627–628

explained, 547, 556

file command, 74–75, 404

File contents

finding text in, 548–553

sorting, 562–565

viewing, 568–569

File descriptors, default, 104

File encryption, 336–341, 345

File group, changing, 85

File group permissions, 83

File 1/0

in Perl, 657–660

in Python, 689–690

File link count, 80

File management

using GNOME Nautilus, 166, 177–179

using KDE Konqueror, 206–208

File permissions, 80–83

File quotas, 418–419

enabling, 419

setting, 418–419

File redirection, 99

File servers, 441–442

File sharing, 444–454

File structure

UNIX, 58–60

Windows, 60

File system commands, 62–75

File system housekeeping, 413–415

File system structure, 404

File system types, 404–406

File system usage, checking, 412–413

File systems, 5, 7.

See also UNIX System

capitalization in, 56

displaying mounted, 390–391

distributed, 444–446

exporting, 442

hierarchical, 58

labeling for a floppy disk, 408

mounting, 408, 442, 445

mounting from CD-ROM, 409

mounting from floppy disk, 408

mounting from hard disk, 408

storage media and, 401–406

unmounting, 409

unmounting from floppy disk, 409

unmounting from hard disk, 409

File transfers, 440

File types

getting information about, 74–75

UNIX System, 60–62

Filename arguments

Perl I/O using, 657–658

Python I/O using, 691–692

Filename completion, 128–129

Filename extensions, 56–57, 525

Filenames, 55–56

display of, 78

in UNIX vs. DOS, 525

Files, 55–92

in a central repository, 720

combining using wildcards, 64–65

commands for using, 62–75

comparing, 565–567

compressing, 339–341

compressing and packaging, 553–555

copying, 69–70

copying from a remote host, 253–254

copying to a remote machine, 254

copying using ftp, 258–260

copying using rcp, 253–255

creating, 65–66

defined, 55

editing and formatting, 569–574

getting status of, 600–601

hidden, 98

in Perl, 659–660

in Python, 692

input redirection to, 101–102

linking, 70–72

listing, 77–80

listing in current directory, 63

macro to check spelling in, 149

moving and renaming, 68–69

moving through with pg, 85

moving using move with xargs, 615

opening in Perl, 658–659

output redirection to, 101

outputting to in awk, 636

overwritten, 101

owners of, 84

printing, 88–91

protecting administrative, 396

removing, 72–73

reorganizing with cut and paste, 560

restoring, 73

retrieving using anonymous FTP, 260–261

running awk programs from, 620–621

of the same name on different directories, 59

saving standard output to, 574–575

searching for, 75–77

searching in with pg, 86

source control, 720–723

viewing, 63–66

viewing long, 85–88

viewing start or end of, 88

Filters, explained, 547

Filters and utilities, 547–584

find command, 75–77, 106, 414

find -mtime command, 77

find -name command, 75

find -print command, 75–76

finger command, 46–47, 264–265

fingerd (finger service daemon), 490–491

Firefox web browser, 182, 211–212, 291–292, 781

home page, 293

settings, 292–293

Firewall attacks, 516

Firewall proxy, 292

Firewall software, 514

Firewalls for Linux, 515

Firewalls for UNIX, 514–515

flex tool, 726

Floppy disks, 401

file system labeling for, 408

formatting, 406–407

mounting a file system from, 408

unmounting a file system from, 409

fmt (format) command, 571

for loop, 604–605

in awk, 632

in java, 735–736

in Perl, 656

in Python, 686

foreach loops, in Perl, 656

Foreground process, explained, 306

fork system call, 306

format command, 407

Formatters, text, 133

Formatting programs, explained, 91

Foundation applications (HP-UX), 24

4GLs (fourth-generation languages), 766

FQDNs (fully qualified domain names), 272–273, 502

FrameMaker, 761, 763

FreeBSD, 20

FreeBSD Ports Collection, 20

Freeware, 755–756

Frequency data, collecting, 564–565

FS (fair-share) process class, 320

FSF (Free Software Foundation), 757

FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 257–261

ftp command, 257–261, 297–298, 533–534

administering anonymous, 492

copying files using, 258–260

invoking from a web browser, 261

table of options to, 261

transferring files from Windows to UNIX, 533–534

ftp session

opening, 257–258

terminating, 260

Full (absolute) pathnames, 59

Full service resolvers (DNS), 502

function command, 609–610, 633

Functions

calling in awk, 633

Python user-defined, 687–688

user-defined, 580, 609–610, 632–633

Future of UNIX, 33

FX (fixed-priority) process class, 320