Dictionary

$ASCIIw. Informat

Converts ASCII character data to native format

Category: Character

Syntax

$ASCII w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1 if the length of the variable is undefined ; otherwise , the length of the variable
Range: 1 “32767

Details

If ASCII is the native format, no conversion occurs.

Comparisons

On an IBM mainframe system, $ASCII w . converts ASCII data to EBCDIC.
On all other systems, $ASCII w . behaves like the $CHAR w . informat except that the default length is different.

Examples

 input @1 name $ascii3.;

When the Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1	EBCDIC	ASCII
abc	818283	616263
ABC	C1C2C3	414243
();	4D5D5E	28293B
^[*] The results are hexadecimal representations of codes for characters . Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one character value.

$BINARYw. Informat

Converts binary data to character data

Category: Character

Syntax

$BINARY w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field. Because eight bits of binary information represent one character, every eight characters of input that $BINARY w . reads becomes one character value stored in a variable.
If w < 8, $BINARY w . reads the data as w characters followed by 0s. Thus, $BINARY4. reads the characters 0101 as 01010000, which converts to an EBCDIC & or an ASCII P . If w > 8 but is not a multiple of 8, $BINARY w . reads up to the largest multiple of 8 that is less than w before converting the data.
Default: 8
Range: 1 “32767

Details

The $BINARY w . informat does not interpret actual binary data, but it converts a string of characters that contains only 0s or 1s as though it is actual binary information. Therefore, use only the character digits 1 and 0 in the input, with no embedded blanks. $BINARY w . ignores leading and trailing blanks.

To read representations of binary codes for unprintable characters, enter an ASCII or EBCDIC equivalent for a particular character as a string of 0s and 1s. The $BINARY w . informat converts the string to its equivalent character value.

Comparisons

The BINARY w . informat reads eight characters of input that contain only 0s or 1s as a binary representation of one byte of numeric data.
The $HEX w . informat reads hexadecimal digits that represent the ASCII or EBCDIC equivalent of character data.

Examples

 input @1 name $binary16.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+----2	ASCII	EBCDIC
0100110001001101	LM	< (

$CBw. Informat

Reads standard character data from column-binary files

Category: Column Binary

Syntax

$CB w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: none
Range: 1 “32767

Details

The $CB w . informat reads standard character data from column-binary files, with each card column represented in 2 bytes, and it translates the data into standard character codes. If the combinations are invalid punch codes, SAS returns blanks and sets the automatic variable _ERROR_ to 1.

Examples

 input @1 name $cb2.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1	EBCDIC	ASCII
200A	+	N
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of the column binary. The punch card column for the example data has row 12, row 6, and row 8 punched. The binary representation is 0010 0000 0000 1010.

$CHARw. Informat

Reads character data with blanks

Category: Character

Syntax

$CHAR w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8 if the length of the variable is undefined ; otherwise, the length of the variable
Range: 1 “32767

Details

The $CHAR w . informat does not trim leading and trailing blanks or convert a single period in the input data field to a blank before storing values. If you use $CHAR w . in an INFORMAT or ATTRIB statement within a DATA step to read list input, then by default SAS interprets any blank embedded within data as a field delimiter , including leading blanks.

Comparisons

The $CHAR w . informat is almost identical to the $ w. informat. However $CHAR w . does not trim leading blanks or convert a single period in the input data field to a blank, while the $ w . informat does.
Use the table below to compare the SAS informat $CHAR8. with notation in other programming languages:

Language	Character Notation
SAS	$CHAR8.
IBM 370 assembler	CL8
C	char [8]
COBOL	PIC x(8)
FORTRAN	A8
PL/I	CHAR(8)

Examples

 input @1 name $char5.;

When the Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1
XYZ XYZ . X YZ	XYZ## #XYZ# ##.## #X#YZ
^[*] The character # represents a blank space.

$CHARZBw. Informat

Converts binary 0s to blanks

Category: Character

Syntax

$CHARZB w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1 if the length of the variable is undefined ; otherwise, the length of the variable
Range: 1 “32767

Details

The $CHARZB w . informat does not trim leading and trailing blanks in character data before it stores values.

Comparisons

The $CHARZB w . informat is identical to the $CHAR w . informat except that $CHARZB w . converts any byte that contains a binary 0 to a blank character.

Examples

 input @1 name $charzb5.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =		The Result is
EBCDIC	ASCII
E7E8E90000	58595A0000	XYZ##
00E7E8E900	0058595A00	#XYZ#
00E700E8E9	005800595A	#X#YZ
^[] The data lines are hexadecimal representations of codes for characters. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one character. * The character # represents a blank space.

$CPTDWw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in Hebrew DOS (cp862) and then converts the character string to Windows (cp1255) encoding

Category: Hebrew text handling

Alignment: left

See: The $CPTDW informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$CPTWDw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in Windows (cp1255) and then converts the character string to Hebrew DOS (cp862) encoding

Category: Hebrew text handling

Alignment: left

See: The $CPTWD informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$EBCDICw. Informat

Converts EBCDIC character data to native format

Category: Character

Syntax

$EBCDIC w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1 if the length of the variable is undefined ; otherwise, the length of the variable
Range: 1 “32767

Details

If EBCDIC is the native format, no conversion occurs.

Comparisons

On an IBM mainframe system, $EBCDIC w . behaves like the $CHAR w . informat.
On all other systems, $EBCDIC w . converts EBCDIC data to ASCII.

Examples

 input @1 name $ebcdic3.

When the Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1	ASCII	EBCDIC
qrs	717273
		9899A2
QRS	515253	D8D9E2
+; >	2B3B3E	4E5E6E
^[*] The results are hexadecimal representations of codes for characters. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one character value.

$HEXw. Informat

Converts hexadecimal data to character data

Category: Character

See: $HEX w . Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

$HEX w.

Syntax Description

specifies the number of digits of hexadecimal data.
If w =1, $HEX w . pads a trailing hexadecimal 0. If w is an odd number that is greater than 1, then $HEX w . reads w “1 hexadecimal characters.
Default: 2
Range: 1 “32767

Details

The $HEX w . informat converts every two digits of hexadecimal data into one byte of character data. Use $HEX w . to encode hexadecimal values into a character variable when your input method is limited to printable characters.

Comparisons

The HEX w . informat reads two digits of hexadecimal data at a time and converts them into one byte of numeric data.

Examples

 input @1 name $hex4.;

When the data line =	The result is
----+----1	ASCII	EBCDIC
6C6C	ll	%%

$KANJIw. Informat

Removes shift code data from DBCS data

Category: DBCS

See: The $KANJI informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$KANJIXw. Informat

Adds shift code data to DBCS data

Category: DBCS

See: The $KANJIX informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$LOGVSw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in left-to-right logical order and then converts the character string to visual order

Category: BIDI text handling

Alignment: left

See: The $LOGVS informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$LOGVSRw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in right-to-left logical order and then converts the character string to visual order

Category: BIDI text handling

Alignment: left

See: The $LOGVSR informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$OCTALw. Informat

Converts octal data to character data

Category: Character

Syntax

$OCTAL w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field in bits. Because one digit of octal data represents three bits of binary information, increment the value of w by three for every column of octal data that $OCTAL w . will read.
Default: 3
Range: 1 “32767

Details

Eight bits of binary data represent the code for one digit of character data. Therefore, you need at least three digits of octal data to represent one digit of character data, which includes an extra bit. $OCTAL w . treats every three digits of octal data as one digit of character data, ignoring the extra bit.

Use $OCTAL w . to read octal representations of binary codes for unprintable characters. Enter an ASCII or EBCDIC equivalent for a particular character in octal notation. Then use $OCTAL w . to convert it to its equivalent character value.

Use only the digits 0 through 7 in the input, with no embedded blanks. $OCTAL w . ignores leading and trailing blanks.

Comparisons

The OCTAL w . informat reads octal data and converts them into the numeric equivalents.

Examples

 input @1 name $octal9.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1	EBCDIC	ASCII
114	<	L

$PHEXw. Informat

Converts packed hexadecimal data to character data

Category: Character

Syntax

$PHEX w.

Syntax Description

specifies the number of bytes in the input.
When you use $PHEX w . to read packed hexadecimal data, the length of the variable is the number of bytes that are required to store the resulting character value, not w . In general, a character variable whose length is implicitly defined with $PHEX w . has a length of 2 w “1.
Default: 2
Range: 1 “32767

Details

Packed hexadecimal data are like packed decimal data, except that all hexadecimal digits are valid. In packed hexadecimal data, the value of the low-order nibble has no meaning. In packed decimal data, the value of the low-order nibble indicates the sign of the numeric value that the data represent. The $PHEX w . informat returns a character value and treats the value of the sign nibble as if it were X F , regardless of its actual value.

Comparisons

The PD w . d . informat reads packed decimal data and converts them to numeric data.

Examples

 input @1 devaddr $phex2.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
0001111000001111	1E0
^[*] The data line represents two bytes of actual binary data, with each half byte corresponding to a single hexadecimal digit. The equivalent hexadecimal representation for the data line is 1E0F.

$QUOTEw. Informat

Removes matching quotation marks from character data

Category: Character

Syntax

$QUOTE w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8 if the length of the variable is undefined ; otherwise, the length of the variable
Range: 1 “32767

Examples

 input @1 name $quote7.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1
'SAS'	SAS
"SAS"	SAS
"SAS's"	SAS s

$REVERJw. Informat

Reads character data from right to left and preserves blanks

Category: Character

See: The $REVERJ informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$REVERSw. Informat

Reads character data from right to left and left, and then left aligns the text

Category: Character

See: The $REVERS informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS2Bw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in big-endian, 16-bit, universal character set code in 2 octets (UCS2), Unicode encoding, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

Alignment: Left

See: The $UCS2B informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS2BEw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in the encoding of the current SAS session and then converts the character string to big-endian, 16-bit, universal character set code in 2 octets (UCS2), Unicode encoding

Category: Character

See: The$UCS2BE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS2Lw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in little-endian, 16-bit, universal character set code in 2 octets (UCS2), Unicode encoding, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

Alignment: Left

See: The $UCS2L informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS2LEw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in the encoding of the current SAS session and then converts the character string to little-endian, 16-bit, universal character set code in 2 octets (UCS2), Unicode encoding

Category: Character

See: The $UCS2LE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS2Xw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in 16-bit, universal character set code in 2 octets (UCS2), Unicode encoding, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

Alignment: Left

See: The $UCS2X informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS2XEw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in the encoding of the current SAS session and then converts the character string to 16-bit, universal character set code in 2 octets (UCS2), Unicode encoding

Category: Character

See: The $UCS2XE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS4Bw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in big-endian, 32-bit, universal character set code in 4 octets (UCS4), Unicode encoding, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

See: The $UCS4B informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS4Lw.d Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in little-endian, 32-bit, universal character set code in 4 octets (UCS4), Unicode encoding, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

See: The $UCS4L informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS4Xw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in 32-bit, universal character set code in 4 octets (UCS4), Unicode encoding, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

Alignment: Left

See: The $UCS4X informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UCS4XEw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in the encoding of the current SAS session and then converts the character string to 32-bit, universal character set code in 4 octets (UCS4), Unicode encoding

Category: Character

See: The $UCX4XE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UESCw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in Unicode escape (UESC) representation, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

See: The $UESC informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UESCEw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in the encoding of the current SAS session, and then converts the character string to Unicode escape (UESC)

Category: Character

See: The $UESCE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UNCRw. Informat

Reads the numeric character representation (NCR) character string, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

See: The $UNCR informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UNCREw. Informat

Reads a character string in the encoding of the current SAS session, and then converts the character string to session-encoded NCR (numeric character representation)

Category: Character

See: The $UNCRE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UPARENw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in UPAREN (Unicode parenthesis) representation, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

See: The $UPAREN informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UPARENEw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in the current SAS session, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the Unicode parenthesis (UPAREN) representation

Category: Character

See: The $UPARENE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UPARENPw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in Unicode parenthesis (UPAREN) representation, and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session with national characters remaining in the encoding of the UPAREN representation

Category: Character

See: The $UPARENP informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$UPCASEw. Informat

Converts character data to uppercase

Category: Character

Syntax

$ UPCASE w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8 if the length of the variable is undefined ; otherwise, the length of the variable
Range: 1 “32767

Details

Special characters, such as hyphens, are not altered .

Examples

 input @1 name $upcase3.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1
sas	SAS

$UTF8Xw. Informat

Reads a character string that is encoded in Unicode transformation format (UTF-8), and then converts the character string to the encoding of the current SAS session

Category: Character

Alignment: Left

See: The $UTF8X informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$VARYINGw. Informat

Reads character data of varying length

Valid: in a DATA step

Category: Character

Syntax

$VARYING w. length-variable

Syntax Description

specifies the maximum width of a character field for all the records in an input file.
Default: 8 if the length of the variable is undefined ; otherwise, the length of the variable
Range: 1 “32767

length-variable

specifies a numeric variable that contains the width of the character field in the current record. SAS obtains the value of length-variable by reading it directly from a field that is described in an INPUT statement or by calculating its value in the DATA step.
Requirement: You must specify length-variable immediately after $VARYING w . in an INPUT statement.
Restriction: Length-variable cannot be an array reference.
Tip: If the value of length-variable is 0, negative, or missing, SAS reads no data from the corresponding record. This enables you to read zero-length records and fields. If length-variable is greater than 0 but less than w , SAS reads the number of columns that are specified by length-variable . Then SAS pads the value with trailing blanks up to the maximum width that is assigned to the variable. If length-variable is greater than or equal to w , SAS reads w columns.

Details

Use $VARYING w . when the length of a character value differs from record to record. After reading a data value with $VARYING w ., the pointer s position is set to the first column after the value.

Examples

Example 1: Obtaining a Current Record Length Directly

 input fwidth 1. name $varying9. fwidth;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1
5shark	shark
3sunfish	sun
8bluefish	bluefish
^[*] Notice the result of reading the second data line.

Example 2: Obtaining a Record Length Indirectly

Use the LENGTH= option in the INFILE statement to obtain a record length indirectly. The input data lines and results follow the explanation of the SAS statements.

 data one;     infile  file-specification  length=reclen;     input @;     fwidth=reclen-9;     input name $ 1-9           @10 class $varying20. fwidth;  run;

The LENGTH= option in the INFILE statement assigns the internally stored record length to RECLEN when the first INPUT statement executes. The trailing @ holds the record for another INPUT statement. Next , the assignment statement calculates the value of the varying-length field by subtracting the fixed-length portion of the record from the total record length. The variable FWIDTH contains the length of the last field and becomes the length-variable argument to the $VARYING20. informat.

Data Lines	Results
----+----1----+----2 PATEL CHEMISTRY JOHNSON GEOLOGY WILCOX ART	PATEL CHEMISTRY JOHNSON GEOLOGY WILCOX ART

$VSLOGw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in visual order and then converts the character string to left-to-right logical order

Category: BIDI text handling

See: The $VSLOG informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$VSLOGRw. Informat

Reads a character string that is in visual order and then converts the character string to right-to-left logical order

Category: BIDI text handling

See: The $VSLOGR informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

$w. Informat

Reads standard character data

Category: Character

Alias: $F w .

Syntax

$ w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field. You must specify w because SAS does not supply a default value.
Range: 1 “32767

Details

The $ w . informat trims leading blanks and left aligns the values before storing the text. In addition, if a field contains only blanks and a single period, $ w . converts the period to a blank because it interprets the period as a missing value. The $ w . informat treats two or more periods in a field as character data.

Comparisons

The $ w . informat is almost identical to the $CHAR w . informat. However, $CHAR w . does not trim leading blanks nor does it convert a single period in an input field to a blank, while $ w . does both.

Examples

 input @1 name .;

When the Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1
XYZ XYZ . X YZ	XYZ## XYZ## X#YZ#
^[*] The character # represents a blank space.

ANYDTDTEw. Informat

Reads and extracts date values from DATE, DATETIME, DDMMYY, JULIAN, MMDDYY, MONYY, TIME, YYMMDD, or YYQ informat values

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

ANYDTDTE w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 9
Range: 5-32

Details

The ANYDTDTE informat reads input data that corresponds to any of the following informats. The ANYDTDTE informat extracts the date part from the derived value.

DATE
DATETIME
DDMMYY
JULIAN
MMDDYY
MONYY
TIME
YYMMDD
YYQ

If the input value is a time-only value, then SAS assumes a date of 01JAN1960.

The input values for all of the above informats are mutually exclusive except for MMDDYY, DDMMYY, and YYMMDD when two-digit years are used. It is possible for input data such as 01 “02 “03 to be ambiguous with respect to the month, day, and year. In this case, the DATESTYLE system option indicates the order of the month, day, and year.

Comparisons

The ANYDTDTE informat extracts the date part from the derived value. The ANYDTDTM informat extracts the datetime part. The ANYDTTME informat extracts the time part.

Examples

 input dateinfo anydtdte21.;

Data Lines	Informat	Results
----+----1----+----2
14JAN1921	DATE	ˆ’ 14231
14JAN1921 12:24:32.8	DATETIME	ˆ’ 14231
14011921	DDMMYY	ˆ’ 14231
1921014	JULIAN	ˆ’ 14231
01141921	MMDDYY	ˆ’ 14231
JAN1921	MONYY	ˆ’ 14244
12:24:32.8	TIME
19210114	YYMMDD	ˆ’ 14231
21Q1	YYQ	ˆ’ 14244

ANYDTDTMw. Informat

Reads and extracts datetime values from DATE, DATETIME, DDMMYY, JULIAN, MMDDYY, MONYY, TIME, YYMMDD, or YYQ informat values

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

ANYDTDTM w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 19
Range: 1-32

Details

The ANYDTDTM informat reads input data that corresponds to any of the following informats. The ANYDTDTM informat extracts the datetime part from the derived value.

DATE
DATETIME
DDMMYY
JULIAN
MMDDYY
MONYY
TIME
YYMMDD
YYQ

If the input value is a time-only value, then SAS assumes a date of 01JAN1960. If the input value is a date value only, then SAS assumes a time of 12:00 midnight.

The input values for all of the above informats are mutually exclusive except for MMDDYY, DDMMYY, or YYMMDD when two-digit years are used. It is possible for input data such as 01 “02 “03 to be ambiguous with respect to the month, day, and year. In this case, the DATESTYLE system option indicates the order of the month, day, and year.

Comparisons

The ANYDTDTE informat extracts the date part from the derived value. The ANYDTDTM informat extracts the datetime part. The ANYDTTME informat extracts the time part.

Examples

 input dateinfo anydtdtm21.;

Data Lines	Informat	Results
----+----1----+----2
14JAN1921	DATE	-1229558400
14JAN1921 12:24:32.8	DATETIME	-1229513727
14011921	DDMMYY	-1229558400
1921014	JULIAN	-1229558400
01141921	MMDDYY	-1229558400
JAN1921	MONYY	-1230681600
12:24:32.8	TIME	44672
19210114	YYMMDD	-1229558400
21Q1	YYQ	-1230681600

ANYDTTMEw. Informat

Reads and extracts time values from DATE, DATETIME, DDMMYY, JULIAN, MMDDYY, MONYY, TIME, YYMMDD, or YYQ informat values

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

ANYDTTME w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 1-32

Details

The ANYDTTME informat reads input data that corresponds to any of the following informats. The ANYDTTME informat extracts the time part from the derived value.

DATE
DATETIME
DDMMYY
JULIAN
MMDDYY
MONYY
TIME
YYMMDD
YYQ

If the input value is a time-only value, then SAS assumes a date of 01JAN1960. If the input value is a date value only, then SAS assumes a time of 12:00 midnight.

The input values for all of the above informats are mutually exclusive except for MMDDYY and DDMMYY when two-digit years are used. It is possible for input data such as 01 “02 “03 to be ambiguous with respect to the month, day, and year. In this case, the DATESTYLE system option indicates the order of the month, day, and year.

Comparisons

The ANYDTDTE informat extracts the date part from the derived value. The ANYDTDTM informat extracts the datetime part. The ANYDTTME informat extracts the time part.

Examples

 input dateinfo anydttme21.;

Data Lines	Informat	Results
----+----1----+----2
14JAN1921	DATE	0.0
14JAN1921 12:24:32.8	DATETIME	44672.799999
14011921	DDMMYY	0.0
1921014	JULIAN	0.0
01141921	MMDDYY	0.0
JAN1921	MONYY	0.0
12:24:32.8	TIME	44672.8
19210114	YYMMDD	0.0
21Q1	YYQ	0.0

BINARYw.d Informat

Converts positive binary values to integers

Category: Numeric

Syntax

BINARY w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 1 “64

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. SAS uses the d value even if the data contain decimal points.
Range: 0 “31

Details

Use only the character digits 1 and 0 in the input, with no embedded blanks. BINARY w . d ignores leading and trailing blanks.

BINARY w . d cannot read negative values. It treats all input values as positive (unsigned).

Examples

 input @1 value binary8.1;

When the data line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
00001111	1.5

BITSw.d Informat

Extracts bits

Category: Numeric

Syntax

BITS w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the number of bits to read.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “64

specifies the zero-based offset.
Range: 0 “63

Details

The BITS w . d informat extracts particular bits from an input stream and assigns the numeric equivalent of the extracted bit string to a variable. Together, the w and d values specify the location of the string you want to read.

This informat is useful for extracting data from system records that have many pieces of information packed into single bytes.

Examples

 input @1 value bits4.1;

Table 5.4
When the Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1----+
B	8
^[*] The EBCDIC binary code for a capital B is 11000010, and the ASCII binary code is 01000010.

The input pointer moves to column 2 ( d =1). Then the INPUT statement reads four bits ( w =4) which is the bit string 1000 and stores the numeric value 8, which is equivalent to this binary combination.

BZw.d Informat

Converts blanks to 0s

Category: Numeric

Syntax

BZ w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. If the data contain decimal points, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The BZ w . d informat reads numeric values, converts any trailing or embedded blanks to 0s, and ignores leading blanks.

The BZ w . d informat can read numeric values that are located anywhere in the field. Blanks can precede or follow the numeric value, and a minus sign must precede negative values. The BZ w . d informat ignores blanks between a minus sign and a numeric value in an input field.

The BZ w . d informat interprets a single period in a field as a 0. The informat interprets multiple periods or other nonnumeric characters in a field as a missing value.

To use BZ w . d in a DATA step with list input, change the delimiter for list input with the DLM= option in the INFILE statement. By default, SAS interprets blanks between values in the data line as delimiters rather than 0s.

Comparisons

The BZ w . d informat converts trailing or embedded blanks to 0s. If you do not want to convert trailing blanks to 0s (for example, when reading values in E-notation), use either the w . d informat or the E w . d informat instead.

Examples

 input @1 x bz4.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1
34	3400
-2	-200
-2 1	-201

CBw.d Informat

Reads standard numeric values from column-binary files

Category: Column Binary

Syntax

CB w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. SAS uses the d value even if the data contain decimal points.

Details

The CB w . d informat reads standard numeric values from column-binary files and translates the data into standard binary format.

SAS first stores each column of column-binary data you read with CB w . d in two bytes and ignores the two high-order bits of each byte. If the punch codes are valid, SAS stores the equivalent numeric value into the variable that you specify. If the combinations are not valid, SAS assigns the variable a missing value and sets the automatic variable _ERROR_ to 1.

Examples

 input @1 x cb8.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1
0009	9
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of the column binary. The punch card column for the example data has row 9 punched. The binary representation is 0000 0000 0000 1001.

COMMAw.d Informat

Removes embedded characters

Category: Numeric

Alias: DOLLAR w . d

Syntax

COMMA w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. If the data contain decimal points, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The COMMA w . d informat reads numeric values and removes embedded commas, blanks, dollar signs, percent signs, dashes, and right parentheses from the input data. The COMMA w . d informat converts a left parenthesis at the beginning of a field to a minus sign.

Comparisons

The COMMA w . d informat operates like the COMMAX w . d informat, but it reverses the roles of the decimal point and the comma. This convention is common in European countries .

Examples

 input @1 x comma10.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
$1,000,000	1000000
(500)	-500

COMMAXw.d Informat

Removes embedded characters

Category: Numeric

Alias: DOLLARX w . d

Syntax

COMMAX w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. If the data contain a comma, which represents a decimal point, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The COMMAX w . d informat reads numeric values and removes embedded periods, blanks, dollar signs, percent signs, dashes, and right parentheses from the input data.

The COMMAX w . d informat converts a left parenthesis at the beginning of a field to a minus sign.

Comparisons

The COMMAX w . d informat operates like the COMMA w . d informat, but it reverses the roles of the decimal point and the comma. This convention is common in European countries.

Examples

 input @1 x commax10.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
$1.000.000	1000000
(500)	-500

DATEw. Informat

Reads date values in the form ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

DATE w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 7
Range: 7 “32
Tip: Use a width of 9 to read a 4 “digit year.

Details

The date values must be in the form ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy , where

dd
- is an integer from 01 through 31 that represents the day of the month.

mmm
- is the first three letters of the month name.

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

You can separate the year, month, and day values by blanks or by special characters. Make sure the width of the input field allows space for blanks and special characters.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input calendar_date date11.;

When the data line =	The result is
----+----1----+
16mar99	14319
16 mar 99	14319
16-mar-1999	14319

DATETIMEw. Informat

Reads datetime values in the form ddmmmyy hh:mm:ss.ss or ddmmmyyyy hh:mm:ss.ss

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

DATETIME w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.

Default: 18

Range: 13 “40

Details

The datetime values must be in the following form: ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy , followed by a blank or special character, followed by hh:mm:ss.ss (the time). In the date,

dd
- is an integer from 01 through 31 that represents the day of the month.

mmm
- is the first three letters of the month name.

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

In the time,

hh
- is the number of hours ranging from 00 through 23.

mm
- is the number of minutes ranging from 00 through 59.

ss.ss
- is the number of seconds ranging from 00 through 59 with the fraction of a second following the decimal point.

DATETIME w . requires values for both the date and the time; however, the ss.ss portion is optional.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Note: SAS can read time values with AM and PM in them.

Examples

 input date_and_time datetime20.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+----2
16mar97:11:23:07.4	1237202587.4
16mar1997/11:23:07.4	1237202587.4
16mar1997/11:23 PM	1237245780.0

DDMMYYw. Informat

Reads date values in the form ddmmyy or ddmmyyyy

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

DDMMYY w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 6
Range: 6 “32

Details

The date values must be in the form ddmmyy or ddmmyyyy , where

dd
- is an integer from 01 through 31 that represents the day of the month.

mm
- is an integer from 01 through 12 that represents the month.

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

You can place blanks and other special characters between day, month, and year values. However, if you use delimiters, place them between all the values. Blanks can also be placed before and after the date. Make sure the width of the input field allows space for blanks and special characters.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input calendar_date ddmmyy10.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
160399	14319
16/03/99	14319
16 03 1999	14319

Ew.d Informat

Reads numeric values that are stored in scientific notation and double-precision scientific notation

Category: Numeric

See: E w . d Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

E w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the field that contains the numeric value.
Default: 12
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the number of digits to the right of the decimal point in the numeric value. If the data contain decimal points, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “31

Comparisons

The E w . d informat is not used extensively because the SAS informat for standard numeric data, the w . d informat, can read numbers in scientific notation. Use E w . d to permit only scientific notation in your input data.

Examples

input @1 x e7.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
1.257E3	1257
12d3	12000

EURDFDEw. Informat

Reads international date values

Category: Date and Time

See: The EURDFDE informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

EURDFDTw. Informat

Reads international datetime values in the form ddmmmyy hh:mm:ss.ss or ddmmmyyyy hh:mm:ss.ss

Category: Date and Time

See: The EURDFDT informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

EURDFMYw. Informat

Reads month and year date values in the form mmmyy or mmmyyyy

Category: Date and Time

See: The EURDFMY informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

EUROw.d Informat

Reads numeric values and removes embedded characters in European currency and reverses the comma and decimal point

Category: Numeric

See: The EURO informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

EUROXw.d Informat

Reads numeric values and removes embedded characters in European currency

Category: Numeric

See: The EUROX informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

FLOATw.d Informat

Reads a native single-precision, floating-point value and divides it by 10 raised to the d th power

Category: Numeric

Syntax

FLOAT w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 4.

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.

Details

The FLOAT w.d informat is useful in operating environments where a float value is not the same as a truncated double.

On the IBM mainframe systems, a four-byte floating-point number is the same as a truncated eight-byte floating-point number. However, in operating environments that use the IEEE floating-point standard, such as the IBM PC-based operating environments and most UNIX platforms, a four-byte floating-point number is not the same as a truncated double. Therefore, the RB4. informat does not produce the same results as FLOAT4. Floating-point representations other than IEEE may have this same characteristic. Values read with FLOAT4. typically come from some other external program that is running in your operating environment.

Comparisons

The following table compares the names of float notation in several programming languages:

Language	Float Notation
SAS	FLOAT4.
FORTRAN	REAL*4
C	float
IBM 370 ASM	E
PL/I	FLOAT BIN(21)

Examples

 input x float4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1----+----2
3F800000	1
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in IEEE form.

HEXw. Informat

Converts hexadecimal positive binary values to either integer (fixed-point) or real (floating-point) binary values

Category: Numeric

See: HEX w . Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

HEX w.

Syntax Description

specifies the field width of the input value and also specifies whether the final value is fixed-point or floating-point.
Default: 8
Range: 1 “16
Tip: If w <16, HEX w . converts the input value to positive integer binary values, treating all input values as positive (unsigned). If w is 16, HEX w . converts the input value to real binary (floating-point) values, including negative values.

Details

Note: Different operating environments store floating-point values in different ways. However, HEX16. reads hexadecimal representations of floating-point values with consistent results if the values are expressed in the same way that your operating environment stores them.

The HEX w . informat ignores leading or trailing blanks.

Examples

 input @1 x hex3. @5 y hex16.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1----+----2
88F 4152000000000000	2191 5.125
^[*] The data line shows IBM mainframe hexadecimal data.

IBw.d Informat

Reads native integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values

Category: Numeric

See: IB w . d Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

IB w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 1 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

The IB w . d informat reads integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values represented in two s complement notation. IB w . d reads integer binary values with consistent results if the values are created in the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Note: Different operating environments store integer binary values in different ways. This concept is called byte ordering. For a detailed discussion about byte ordering, see Byte Ordering for Integer Binary Data on Big Endian and Little Endian Platforms on page 933.

Comparisons

The IB w . d and PIB w . d informats are used to read native format integers. (Native format allows you to read and write values created in the same operating environment.) The IBR w . d and PIBR w . d informats are used to read little endian integers in any operating environment.

To view a table that shows the type of informat to use with big endian and little endian integers, see Table 5.1 on page 934.

To view a table that compares integer binary notation in several programming languages, see Table 5.2 on page 934.

Examples

You can use the INPUT statement and specify the IB informat. However, these examples use the informat with the INPUT function, where binary input values are described using a hex literal.

 x=input('0080'x,ib2.);  y=input('8000'x,ib2.);

When the SAS Statement is	The Result on Big Endian Platforms is	The Result on Little Endian Platforms is
put x=;	128	-32768
put y=;	-32768	128

IBRw.d Informat

Reads integer binary (fixed-point) values in Intel and DEC formats

Category: Numeric

Syntax

IBR w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 1 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

The IBR w . d informat reads integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values that are represented in two s complement notation. IBR w . d reads integer binary values that are generated by and for Intel and DEC platforms. Use IBR w . d to read integer binary data from Intel or DEC environments in other operating environments. The IBR w . d informat in SAS code allows for a portable implementation for reading the data in any operating environment.

Comparisons

The IB w . d and PIB w . d informats are used to read native format integers. (Native format allows you to read and write values that are created in the same operating environment.) The IBR w . d and PIBR w . d informats are used to read little endian integers in any operating environment.

On Intel and DEC operating environments, the IB w . d and IBR w . d informats are equivalent.

To view a table that shows the type of informat to use with big endian and little endian integers, see Table 5.1 on page 934.

To view a table that compares integer binary notation in several programming languages, see Table 5.2 on page 934.

Examples

You can use the INPUT statement and specify the IBR informat. However, in these examples we use the informat with the INPUT function, where binary input values are described using a hex literal.

 x=input('0100'x,ibr2.);  y=input('0001'x,ibr2.);

When the SAS Statement is	The Result on Big Endian Platforms is	The Result on Little Endian Platforms is ...
put x=;	1	1
put y=;	256	256

IEEEw.d Informat

Reads an IEEE floating-point value and divides it by 10 raised to the d th power

Category: Numeric

Syntax

IEEE w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 2 “8
Tip: If w is 8, an IEEE double-precision, floating-point number is read. If w is 5, 6, or 7, an IEEE double-precision, floating-point number is read, which assumes truncation of the appropriate number of bytes. If w is 4, an IEEE single-precision, floating-point number is read. If w is 3, an IEEE single-precision, floating-point number is read, which assumes truncation of one byte.

specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.

Details

The IEEE w . d informat is useful in operating environments where IEEE is the floating-point representation that is used. In addition, you can use the IEEE w . d informat to read files that are created by programs on operating environments that use the IEEE floating-point representation.

Typically, programs generate IEEE values in single precision (4 bytes) or double precision (8 bytes). Truncation is performed by programs solely to save space on output files. Machine instructions require that the floating-point number be of one of the two lengths. The IEEE w . d informat allows other lengths, which enables you to read data from files that contain space-saving truncated data.

Examples

 input test1 ieee4.;  input test2 ieee5.;

When the Data Line ^[*] is	The Result is
----+----1----+
3F800000	1
3FF0000000	1
^[*] The data lines are hexadecimal representations of binary numbers that are stored in IEEE format.

The first INPUT statement reads the first data line, and the second INPUT statement reads the next data line.

JDATEYMDw. Informat

Reads Japanese Kanji date values in the format yymmmdd or yyyymmmdd

Category: Date and Time

See: The JDATEYMD informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

JNENGOw. Informat

Reads Japanese Kanji date values in the form yymmdd

Category: Date and Time

Alignment: left

See: The JNENGO informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

JULIANw. Informat

Reads Julian dates in the form yyddd or yyyyddd

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

JULIAN w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 5
Range: 5 “32

Details

The date values must be in the form yyddd or yyyyddd , where

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

dd or ddd
- is an integer from 01 through 365 that represents the day of the year.

Julian dates consist of strings of contiguous numbers, which means that zeros must pad any space between the year and the day values.

Julian dates that contain year values before 1582 are invalid for the conversion to Gregorian dates.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input julian_date julian7.;

When the Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1
99075	14319
1999075	14319
^[*] The input values correspond to the seventy-fifth day of 1999, which is March 16.

MINGUOw. Informat

Reads dates in Taiwanese form

Category: Date and Time

See: The MINGUO informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

MMDDYYw. Informat

Reads date values in the form mmddyy or mmddyyyy

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

MMDDYY w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 6
Range: 6 “32

Details

The date values must be in the form mmddyy or mmddyyyy , where

mm
- is an integer from 01 through 12 that represents the month.

dd
- is an integer from 01 through 31 that represents the day of the month.

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

You can separate the month, day, and year fields by blanks or by special characters. However, if you use delimiters, place them between all fields in the value. Blanks can also be placed before and after the date.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input calendar_date mmddyy8.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
031699	14319
03/16/99	14319
03 16 99	14319
03161999	14319

MONYYw. Informat

Reads month and year date values in the form mmmyy or mmmyyyy

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

MONYY w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 5
Range: 5 “32

Details

The date values must be in the form mmmyy or mmmyyyy , where

mmm
- is the first three letters of the month name.

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

A value read with the MONYY w . informat results in a SAS date value that corresponds to the first day of the specified month.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOF= system option.

Examples

 input month_and_year monyy7.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
mar 99	14304
mar1999	14304

MSECw. Informat

Reads TIME MIC values

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

MSEC w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 8 because the OS TIME macro or the STCK System/370 instruction on IBM mainframes each return an eight-byte value.

Details

The MSEC w . informat reads time values that are produced by IBM mainframe operating environments and converts the time values to SAS time values.

Use the MSEC w . informat to find the difference between two IBM mainframe TIME values, with precision to the nearest microsecond.

Comparisons

The MSEC w . and TODSTAMP w . informats both read IBM time-of-day clock values, but the MSEC w . informat assigns a time value to a variable, and the TODSTAMP w . informat assigns a datetime value.

Examples

 input btime msec8.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
0000EA044E65A000	62818.412122
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary 8-byte time-of-day clock value. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS time value corresponding to 5:26:58.41 PM.

NENGOw. Informat

Reads Japanese date values in the form eyymmdd

Category: Date and Time

See: The NENGO informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLDATEw. Informat

Reads the date value in the specified locale and then converts the date value to the local SAS date value

Category: Date and Time

See: NLDATEw. Informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLDATMw. Informat

Reads the datetime value of the specified locale, and then converts the datetime value to the local SAS datetime value

Category: Date and Time

See: NLDATMw. Informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLMNYw.d Informat

Reads monetary data in the specified locate for the local expression, and converts the data to a numeric value

Category: Numeric

See: The NLMNY Informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLMNYIw.d Informat

Reads monetary data in the specified locale for the international expression, and then converts the data to a numeric value

Category: Numeric

See: The NLMNYI informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLNUMw.d Informat

Reads numeric data in the specified locale for local expressions, and then converts the data to a numeric value

Category: Numeric

See: The NLNUM informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLNUMIw.d Informat

Reads numeric data in the specified locale for international expressions, and then converts the data to a numeric value

Category: Numeric

See: The NLNUMI informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLPCTw.d Informat

Reads percentage data in the specified locale for local expressions, and then converts the data to a numeric value

Category: Numeric

See: The NLPCT informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLPCTIw.d Informat

Reads percentage data in the specified locale for international expressions, and then converts the data to a numeric value

Category: Numeric

See: The NLPCTI informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLTIMAPw. Informat

Reads the time value and uses a.m. and p.m. in the specified locale, and then converts the time value to the local SAS-time value

Category: Date and Time

See: NLTIMAPw. Informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NLTIMEw. Informat

Reads the time value in the specified locale and then converts the time value to the local SAS time value

Category: Date and Time

See: NLTIMEw. Informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

NUMXw.d Informat

Reads numeric values with a comma in place of the decimal point

Category: Numeric

Syntax

NUMX w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 12
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the number of digits to the right of the decimal. If the data contain decimal points, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The NUMX w . d informat reads numeric values and interprets a comma as a decimal point.

Comparisons

The NUMX w . d informat is similar to the w . d informat except that it reads numeric values that contain a comma in place of the decimal point.

Examples

 input @1 x numx10.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
896,48	896.48
3064,1	3064.1
6489	6489

OCTALw.d Informat

Converts positive octal values to integers

Category: Numeric

Syntax

OCTAL w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 3
Range: 1 “24

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 1 “31
Restriction: must be greater than or equal to the w value.

Details

Use only the digits 0 through 7 in the input, with no embedded blanks. The OCTAL w . d informat ignores leading and trailing blanks.

OCTAL w . d cannot read negative values. It treats all input values as positive (unsigned).

Examples

 input @1 value octal3.1;

Data Lines	Results
----+----1
177	12.7

PDw.d Informat

Reads data that are stored in IBM packed decimal format

Category: Numeric

See: PB w . d Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

PD w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “16

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

The PD w . d informat is useful because many programs write data in packed decimal format for storage efficiency, fitting two digits into each byte and using only a half byte for a sign.

Note: Different operating environments store packed decimal values in different ways. However, PD w . d reads packed decimal values with consistent results if the values are created on the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Comparisons

The following table compares packed decimal notation in several programming languages:

Language	Notation
SAS	PD4.
COBOL	COMP-3 PIC S9(7)
IBM 370 Assembler	PL4
PL/I	FIXED DEC

Examples

Example 1: Reading Packed Decimal Data

 input @1 x pd4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1
0000128C	128
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary number stored in packed decimal form. Each byte occupies one column of the input field.

Example 2: Creating a SAS Date with Packed Decimal Data

 input mnth pd4.;  date=input(put(mnth,6.),mmddyy6.);

Data Lines ^[*]	Results
----+----1
0122599C	14603
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in packed decimal form on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS date value that corresponds to December 25, 1999.

PDJULGw. Informat

Reads packed Julian date values in the hexadecimal form yyyyddd F for IBM

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

PDJULG w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 4

Details

The PDJULG w . informat reads IBM packed Julian date values in the form of yyyyddd F, converting them to SAS date values, where

yyyy
- is the two-byte representation of the four-digit Gregorian year.

ddd
- is the one-and-a-half byte representation of the three-digit integer that corresponds to the Julian day of the year, 1 “365 (or 1 “366 for leap years).

F
- is the half byte that contains all binary 1s, which assigns the value as positive.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input date pdjulg4.;

When Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1
1999003F	14247
^[*] SAS date value 14247 represents January 3, 1999.

PDJULIw. Informat

Reads packed Julian dates in the hexadecimal format ccyyddd F for IBM

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

PDJULI w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 4

Details

The PDJULI w . informat reads IBM packed Julian date values in the form ccyyddd F, converting them to SAS date values, where

cc
- is the one-byte representation of a two-digit integer that represents the century.

yy
- is the one-byte representation of a two-digit integer that represents the year. The PDJULI w informat makes an adjustment to the one-byte century representation by adding 1900 to the two-byte ccyy value in order to produce the correct four “digit Gregorian year. This adjustment causes ccyy values of 0098 to become 1998, 0101 to become 2001, and 0218 to become 2118.

ddd
- is the one-and-a-half bytes representation of the three-digit integer that corresponds to the Julian day of the year, 1 “365 (or 1 “366 for leap years).

F
- is the half byte that contains all binary 1s, which assigns the value as positive.

Examples

 input date pdjuli4.;

When the Data Line =	The Result ^[*] is
----+----1
0099001F	14245
0110015F	18277
^[*] SAS date value 14245 is January 1, 1999. SAS date value 18277 is January 15, 2010.

PDTIMEw. Informat

Reads packed decimal time of SMF and RMF records

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

PDTIME w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 4 because packed decimal time values in RMF and SMF records contain four bytes of information.

Details

The PDTIME w . informat reads packed decimal time values that are contained in SMF and RMF records that are produced by IBM mainframe systems and converts the values to SAS time values.

The general form of a packed decimal time value in hexadecimal notation is 0 hhmmss F, where

- is a half byte that contains all 0s.

hh
- is one byte that represents two digits that correspond to hours.

mm
- is one byte that represents two digits that correspond to minutes.

ss
- is one byte that represents two digits that correspond to seconds.

F
- is a half byte that contains all 1s.

If a field contains all 0s, PDTIME w . treats it as a missing value.

PDTIME w . enables you to read packed decimal time values from files that are created on an IBM mainframe on any operating environment.

Examples

 input begin pdtime4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
0142225F	51745
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary time value that is stored in packed decimal form. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS time value this corresponds to 2:22.25 PM.

PERCENTw.d Informat

Reads percentages as numeric values

Category: Numeric

Syntax

PERCENT w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 6
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. If the data contain decimal points, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The PERCENT w . d informat converts the numeric portion of the input data to a number using the same method as the COMMA w . d informat. If a percent sign (%) follows the number in the input field, PERCENT w . d divides the number by 100.

Examples

 input @1 x percent3. @4 y percent5.;

When the Data Line =	The Result is
----+----1----+
1% (20%)	0.01 - 0.2

PIBw.d Informat

Reads positive integer binary (fixed-point) values

Category: Numeric

See: PIB w . d Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

PIB w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

All values are treated as positive. PIB w . d reads positive integer binary values with consistent results if the values are created in the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Note: Different operating environments store positive integer binary values in different ways. This concept is called byte ordering. For a detailed discussion about byte ordering, see Byte Ordering for Integer Binary Data on Big Endian and Little Endian Platforms on page 933.

Comparisons

Positive integer binary values are the same as integer binary values except that the sign bit is part of the value, which is always a positive integer. The PIB w . d informat treats all values as positive and includes the sign bit as part of the value.
The PIB w . d informat with a width of 1 results in a value that corresponds to the binary equivalent of the contents of a byte. This is useful if your data contain values between hexadecimal 80 and hexadecimal FF, where the high-order bit can be misinterpreted as a negative sign.
The IB w . d and PIB w . d informats are used to read native format integers. (Native format allows you to read and write values that are created in the same operating environment.) The IBR w . d and PIBR w . d informats are used to read little endian integers in any operating environment.

To view a table that shows the type of informat to use with big endian and little endian integers, see Table 5.1 on page 934.

To view a table that compares integer binary notation in several programming languages, see Table 5.2 on page 934.

Examples

You can use the INPUT statement and specify the PIB informat. However, in these examples we use the informat with the INPUT function, where binary input values are described by using a hex literal.

 x=input('0100'x,pib2.);  y=input('0001'x,pib2.);

When the SAS Statement is	The Result on Big Endian Platforms is	The Result on Little Endian Platforms is
put x=;	256	1
put y=;	1	256

PIBRw.d Informat

Reads positive integer binary (fixed-point) values in Intel and DEC formats

Category: Numeric

Syntax

PIBR w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

All values are treated as positive. PIBR w . d reads positive integer binary values that have been generated by and for Intel and DEC operating environments. Use PIBR w . d to read positive integer binary data from Intel or DEC environments on other operating environments. The PIBR w . d informat in SAS code allows for a portable implementation for reading the data in any operating environment.

Comparisons

Positive integer binary values are the same as integer binary values except that the sign bit is part of the value, which is always a positive integer. The PIBR w . d informat treats all values as positive and includes the sign bit as part of the value.
The PIBR w . d informat with a width of 1 results in a value that corresponds to the binary equivalent of the contents of a byte. This is useful if your data contain values between hexadecimal 80 and hexadecimal FF, where the high-order bit can be misinterpreted as a negative sign.
On Intel and DEC platforms, the PIB w . d and PIBR w . d informats are equivalent.
The IB w . d and PIB w . d informats are used to read native format integers. (Native format allows you to read and write values that are created in the same operating environment.) The IBR w . d and PIBR w . d informats are used to read little endian integers in any operating environment.

To view a table that shows the type of informat to use with big endian and little endian integers, see Table 5.1 on page 934.

To view a table that compares integer binary notation in several programming languages, see Table 5.2 on page 934.

Examples

You can use the INPUT statement and specify the PIBR informat. However, these examples use the informat with the INPUT function, where binary input values are described using a hex literal.

 x=input('0100'x,pibr2.);  y=input('0001'x,pibr2.);

When the SAS Statement is	The Result on Big Endian Platforms is	The Result on Little Endian Platforms is
put x=;	1	1
put y=;	256	256

PKw.d Informat

Reads unsigned packed decimal data

Category: Numeric

Syntax

PK w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the number of bytes of unsigned packed decimal data, each of which contains two digits.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “16

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Each byte of unsigned packed decimal data contains two digits.

Comparisons

The PK w . d informat is the same as the PD w . d informat, except that PK w . d treats the sign half of the field s last byte as part of the value, not as the sign of the value.

Examples

 input @1 x pk3.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1
001234	1234
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary number stored in unsigned packed decimal form. Each byte occupies one column of the input field.

PUNCH.d Informat

Reads whether a row of column-binary data is punched

Category: Column Binary

Syntax

PUNCH .d

Syntax Description

specifies which row in a card column to read.
Range: 1 “12

Details

This informat assigns the value 1 to the variable if row d of the current card column is punched, or 0 if row d of the current card column is not punched. After PUNCH. d reads a field, the pointer does not advance to the next column.

Examples

When the Data Line ^[*] =	And the SAS Statement is	The Result is
12-7-8	input x punch.12	1
	input x punch.11
	input x punch0.7	1
^[*] The data line is punched card code. The punch card column for the example data has row 12, row 7, and row 8 punched.

RBw.d Informat

Reads numeric data that are stored in real binary (floating-point) notation

Category: Numeric

See: RB w . d Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

RB w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 2 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Note: Different operating environments store real binary values in different ways. However, the RB w . d informat reads real binary values with consistent results if the values are created on the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Comparisons

The following table compares the names of real binary notation in several programming languages:

	Real Binary Notation
Language	4 Bytes	8 Bytes
SAS	RB4.	RB8.
FORTRAN	REAL ^* 4	REAL ^* 8
C	float	double
IBM 370 assembler	F	D
PL/I	FLOAT BIN(21)	FLOAT BIN(53)

CAUTION:

Using the RBw.d informat to read real binary information on equipment that conforms to the IEEE standard for floating-point numbers results in a truncated eight-byte number (double-precision), rather than in a true four-byte floating-point number (single-precision).

Examples

 input @1 x rb8.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1
4280000000000000	128
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a real binary (floating-point) number on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each byte occupies one column of the input field.

RMFDURw. Informat

Reads duration intervals of RMF records

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

RMFDUR w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 4 because packed decimal duration values in RMF records contain four bytes of information.

Details

The RMFDUR w . informat reads the duration of RMF measurement intervals of RMF records that are produced as packed decimal data by IBM mainframe systems and converts them to SAS time values.

The general form of the duration interval data in an RMF record in hexadecimal notation is mmssttt F, where

mm
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to minutes.

ss
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to seconds.

ttt
- is the one-and-a-half-bytes representation of three digits that correspond to thousandths of a second.

F
- is a half byte that contains all binary 1s, which assigns the value as positive.

If the field does not contain packed decimal data, RMFDUR w . results in a missing value.

Comparisons

Both the RMFDUR w . informat and the RMFSTAMP w . informat read packed decimal information from RMF records that are produced by IBM mainframe systems.
The RMFDUR w . informat reads duration data and results in a time value.
The RMFSTAMP w . informat reads time-of-day data and results in a datetime value.

Examples

 input dura rmfdur4.;

When the data line ^[*] =	The result is
----+----1----+
3552226F	2152.226
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary duration value that is stored in packed decimal form as it would appear in an RMF record. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS time value corresponding to 00:35:52.226.

RMFSTAMPw. Informat

Reads time and date fields of RMF records

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

RMFSTAMP w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 8 because packed decimal time and date values in RMF records contain eight bytes of information: four bytes of time data that are followed by four bytes of date data.

Details

The RMFSTAMP w . informat reads packed decimal time and date values of RMF records that are produced by IBM mainframe systems, and converts the time and date values to SAS datetime values.

The general form of the time and date information in an RMF record in hexadecimal notation is 0 hhmmss F ccyyddd F, where

- is the half byte that contains all binary 0s.

hh
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to the hour of the day.

mm
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to minutes.

ss
- is 1 byte that represents two digits that correspond to seconds.

cc
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to the century.

yy
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to the year.

ddd
- is the one-and-a-half bytes that contain three digits that correspond to the day of the year.

F
- is the half byte that contains all binary 1s.
  - The century indicators 00 correspond to 1900, 01 to 2000, and 02 to 2100.

RMFSTAMP w . enables you to read, on any operating environment, packed decimal time and date values from files that are created on an IBM mainframe.

Comparisons

Both the RMFSTAMP w . informat and the PDTIME w . informat read packed decimal values from RMF records. The RMFSTAMP w . informat reads both time and date values and results in a SAS datetime value. The PDTIME w . informat reads only time values and results in a SAS time value.

Examples

 input begin rmfstamp8.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1----+----2
0142225F0102286F	1350138145
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary time and date value that is stored in packed decimal form as it would appear in an RMF record. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS datetime value that corresponds to October 13, 2002, 2:22.25 PM.

ROWw.d Informat

Reads a column-binary field down a card column

Category: Column Binary

Syntax

ROW w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the row where the field begins.
Range: 0 “12

specifies the length in rows of the field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “25

Details

The ROW w . d informat assigns the relative position of the punch in the field to a numeric variable.

If the field that you specify has more than one punch, ROW w . d assigns the variable a missing value and sets the automatic variable _ERROR_ to 1. If the field has no punches, ROW w . d assigns the variable a missing value.

ROW w . d can read fields across columns, continuing with row 12 of the new column and going down through the rest of the rows. After ROW w . d reads a field, the pointer moves to the next row.

Examples

 input x row5.3  input x row7.1  input x row5.2  input x row3.5

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1
00
04	3
	1
	.
	5
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of the column binary. The punch card column for the example data has row 7 punched. The binary representation is 0000 0000 0000 0100.

S370FFw.d Informat

Reads EBCDIC numeric data

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FF w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 12
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The S370FF w . d informat reads numeric data that are represented in EBCDIC and converts the data to native format. If EBCDIC is the native format, S370FF w . d performs no conversion.

S370FF w . d reads EBCDIC numeric values that are represented with one byte per digit. Use S370FF w . d on other operating environments to read numeric data from IBM mainframe files.

S370FF w . d reads numeric values located anywhere in the input field. EBCDIC blanks can precede or follow a numeric value with no effect. If a value is negative, an EBCDIC minus sign should immediately precede the value. S370FF w . d reads values with EBCDIC decimal points and values in scientific notation, and it interprets a single EBCDIC period as a missing value.

Comparisons

The S370FF w . d informat performs the same role for numeric data that the $EBCDIC w . d informat does for character data. That is, on an IBM mainframe system, S370FF w . d has the same effect as the standard w . d informat. On all other systems, using S370FF w . d is equivalent to using $EBCDIC w . d as well as using the standard w . d informat.

Examples

 input @1 x s370ff3.;

When the Data Line ^[*] is	The Result is
----+----1
F1F2F3	123
F2F4F0	240
^[*] The data lines are hexadecimal representations of codes for characters. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one character value.

S370FIBw.d Informat

Reads integer binary (fixed-point) values, including negative values, in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FIB w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 1 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

The S370FIB w . d informat reads integer binary (fixed-point) values that are stored in IBM mainframe format, including negative values that are represented in two s complement notation. S370FIB w . d reads integer binary values with consistent results if the values are created in the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Use S370FIB w . d for integer binary data that are created in IBM mainframe format for reading in other operating environments.

Comparisons

If you use SAS on an IBM mainframe, S370FIB w . d and IB w . d are identical.
S370FPIB w . d , S370FIBU w . d , and S370FIB w . d are used to read big endian integers in any operating environment.

To view a table that shows the type of informat to use with big endian and little endian integers, see Table 5.1 on page 934.

To view a table that compares integer binary notation in several programming languages, see Table 5.2 on page 934.

Examples

You can use the INPUT statement and specify the S370FIB informat. However, this example uses the informat with the INPUT function, where the binary input value is described by using a hex literal.

 x=input('0080'x,s370fib2.);

If the SAS Statement is	The Result is
put x=;	128

S370FIBUw.d Informat

Reads unsigned integer binary (fixed-point) values in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FIBU w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 1 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. SAS uses the d value even if the data contain decimal points.
Range: 0 “10

Details

The S370FIBU w . d informat reads unsigned integer binary (fixed-point) values that are stored in IBM mainframe format, including negative values that are represented in two s complement notation. Unsigned integer binary values are the same as integer binary values, except that all values are treated as positive. S370FIBU w . d reads integer binary values with consistent results if the values are created in the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Use S370FIBU w . d for unsigned integer binary data that are created in IBM mainframe format for reading in other operating environments.

Comparisons

The S370FIBU w.d informat is equivalent to the COBOL notation PIC 9( n ) BINARY, where n is the number of digits.
The S370FIBU w . d and S370FPIB w . d informats are identical.
S370FPIB w . d , S370FIBU w . d , and S370FIB w . d are used to read big endian integers in any operating environment.

To view a table that shows the type of informat to use with big endian and little endian integers, see Table 5.1 on page 934.

To view a table that compares integer binary notation in several programming languages, see Table 5.2 on page 934.

Examples

You can use the INPUT statement and specify the S370FIBU informat. However, these examples use the informat with the INPUT function, where binary input values are described by using a hex literal.

 x=input('7F'x,s370fibu1.);  y=input('F6'x,s370fibu1.);

When the SAS Statement is	The Result is
put x=;	127
put y=;	246

S370FPDw.d Informat

Reads packed data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FPD w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “16

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Packed decimal data contain two digits per byte, but only one digit in the input field represents the sign. The last half of the last byte indicates the sign: a C or an F for positive numbers and a D for negative numbers.

Use S370FPD w . d to read packed decimal data from IBM mainframe files on other operating environments.

Comparisons

If you use SAS on an IBM mainframe, the S370FPD w . d and the PD w . d informats are identical.
The following table compares the equivalent packed decimal notation by programming language:

Language

Packed Decimal Notation

SAS

S370FIB4.

PL/I

FIXED DEC(7,0)

COBOL

COMP-3 PIC 9(7)

assembler

PL4

S370FPDUw.d Informat

Reads unsigned packed decimal data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FPDU w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “16

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Packed decimal data contain two digits per byte. The last half of the last byte, which indicates the sign for signed packed data, is always F for unsigned packed data.

Use S370FPDU w . d on other operating environments to read unsigned packed decimal data from IBM mainframe files.

Comparisons

The S370FPDU w . d informat is similar to the S370FPD w . d informat except that the S370FPDU w . d informat rejects all sign digits except F.
The S370FPDU w . d informat is equivalent to the COBOL notation PIC 9( n ) PACKED-DECIMAL, where the n value is the number of digits.

Examples

 input @1 x s370fpdu3.;

When the Data Line ^[*] =	The Result is
----+----1
12345F	12345
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in packed decimal form. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one column of the input field.

S370FPIBw.d Informat

Reads positive integer binary (fixed-point) values in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FPIB w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 1 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Positive integer binary values are the same as integer binary values, except that all values are treated as positive. S370FPIB w . d reads integer binary values with consistent results if the values are created in the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Use S370FPIB w . d for positive integer binary data that are created in IBM mainframe format for reading in other operating environments.

Comparisons

If you use SAS on an IBM mainframe, S370FPIB w . d and PIB w . d are identical.
S370FPIB w . d , S370FIBU w . d , and S370FIB w . d are used to read big endian integers in any operating environment.

To view a table that shows the type of informat to use with big endian and little endian integers, see Table 5.1 on page 934.

To view a table that compares integer binary notation in several programming languages, see Table 5.2 on page 934.

Examples

You can use the INPUT statement and specify the S370FPIB informat. However, this example uses the informat with the INPUT function, where the binary input value is described using a hex literal.

 x=input('0100'x,s370fpib2.);

When the SAS Statement is	The Result is
put x=;	256

S370FRBw.d Informat

Reads real binary (floating-point) data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FRB w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 6
Range: 2 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Real binary values are represented in two parts : a mantissa that gives the value, and an exponent that gives the value s magnitude.

Use S370FRB w . d to read real binary data from IBM mainframe files on other operating environments.

Comparisons

If you use SAS on an IBM mainframe, S370FRB w . d and RB w . d are identical.

The following table shows the equivalent real binary notation for several programming languages:

	Real Binary Notation
Language	4 Bytes	8 Bytes
SAS	S370FRB4.	S370FRB8.
PL/I	FLOAT BIN(21)	FLOAT BIN(53)
FORTRAN	REAL*4	REAL*8
COBOL	COMP-1	COMP-2
assembler	E	D
C	float	double

S370FZDw.d Informat

Reads zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FZD w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. If the data contain decimal points, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Zoned decimal data are similar to standard decimal data in that every digit requires one byte. However, the value s sign is stored in the last byte, along with the last digit.

Use S370FZD w . d on other operating environments to read zoned decimal data from IBM mainframe files.

Comparisons

If you use SAS on an IBM mainframe, S370FZD w . d and ZD w . d are identical.
The following table shows the equivalent zoned decimal notation for several programming languages:

Language

Zoned Decimal Notation

SAS

S370FZD3.

PL/I

PICTURE 99T

COBOL

PIC S9(3) DISPLAY

assembler

ZL3

Examples

 input @1 x s370fzd3.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
F1F2C3	123
F1F2D3	- 123
^[*] The data line contains a hexadecimal representation of a binary number stored in zoned decimal format on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one column of the input field.

S370FZDLw.d Informat

Reads zoned decimal leading-sign data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FZDL w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Use S370FZDL w . d on other operating environments to read zoned decimal data from IBM mainframe files.

Comparisons

Zoned decimal leading-sign data is similar to standard zoned decimal data except that the sign of the value is stored in the first byte of zoned decimal leading-sign data, along with the first digit.
The S370FZDL w . d informat is equivalent to the COBOL notation PIC S9( n ) DISPLAY SIGN LEADING, where the n value is the number of digits.

Examples

 input @1 x s370fzdl3.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
C1F2F3	123
D1F2F3	-123
^[*] The data lines contain a hexadecimal representation of a binary number stored in zoned decimal format on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one column of the input field.

S370FZDSw.d Informat

Reads zoned decimal separate leading-sign data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FZDS w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 2 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Use S370FZDS w . d on other operating environments to read zoned decimal data from IBM mainframe files.

Comparisons

Zoned decimal separate leading-sign data is similar to standard zoned decimal data except that the sign of the value is stored in the first byte of zoned decimal leading sign data, and the first digit of the value is stored in the second byte.
The S370FZDS w . d informat is equivalent to the COBOL notation PIC S9( n ) DISPLAY SIGN LEADING SEPARATE, where the n value is the number of digits.

Examples

 input @1 x s370fzds4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
4EF1F2F3	123
60F1F2F3	-123
^[*] The data line contains a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in zoned decimal format on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one column of the input field.

S370FZDTw.d Informat

Reads zoned decimal separate trailing-sign data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FZDT w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 2 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Use S370FZDT w . d on other operating environments to read zoned decimal data from IBM mainframe files.

Comparisons

Zoned decimal separate trailing-sign data are similar to zoned decimal separate leading-sign data except that the sign of the value is stored in the last byte of zoned decimal separate trailing-sign data.
The S370FZDT w . d informat is equivalent to the COBOL notation PIC S9( n ) DISPLAY SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE, where the n value is the number of digits.

Examples

 input @1 x s370fzdt4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
F1F2F34E	123
F1F2F360	-123
^[*] The data line contains a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in zoned decimal format on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one column of the input field.

S370FZDUw.d Informat

Reads unsigned zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

S370FZDU w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Use S370FZDU w . d on other operating environments to read unsigned zoned decimal data from IBM mainframe files.

Comparisons

The S370FZDU w . d informat is similar to the S370FZD w . d informat except that the S370FZDU w . d informat rejects all sign digits except F.
The S370FZDU w . d informat is equivalent to the COBOL notation PIC 9( n ) DISPLAY, where the n value is the number of digits.

Examples

 input @1 x s370fzdu3.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
F1F2F3	123
^[*] The data line contains a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in zoned decimal format on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each two hexadecimal digits correspond to one byte of binary data, and each byte corresponds to one column of the input field.

SHRSTAMPw. Informat

Reads date and time values of SHR records

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

SHRSTAMP w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 8 because packed decimal date and time values in SHR records contain eight bytes of information: four bytes of date data that are followed by four bytes of time data.

Details

The SHRSTAMP w . informat reads packed decimal date and time values of SHR records that are produced by IBM mainframe environments and converts the date and time values to SAS datetime values.

The general form of the date and time information in an SHR record in hexadecimal notation is ccyyddd F hhmmssth , where

ccyy
- is the two byte representation of the year. The cc portion is the one byte representation of a two-digit integer that represents the century. The yy portion is the one byte representation of two digits that correspond to the year.
  
  The cc portion is the century indicator where 00 indicates 19yy, 01 indicates 20yy, 02 indicates 21yy and so on. A hex year value of 0115 is equal to the year 2015.

ddd
- is the one-and-a-half bytes that contain three digits that correspond to the day of the year.

F
- is the half byte that contains all binary 1s.

hh
- is the one byte representation of two digits that correspond to the hour of the day.

mm
- is the one byte representation of two digits that correspond to minutes.

ss
- is the one byte representation of two digits that correspond to seconds.

th
- is the one byte representation of two digits that correspond to a hundredth of a second.

The SHRSTAMP w . informat enables you to read, on any operation environment, packed decimal date and time values from files that are created on an IBM mainframe.

Examples

 input begin shrstamp8.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+----2
0097239F12403576	1188304835.8
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a packed decimal date and time value that is stored as it would appear in an SHR record. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS datetime value that corresponds to Aug. 27, 1997 12:40:36 PM.

SMFSTAMPw. Informat

Reads time and date values of SMF records

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

SMFSTAMP w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 8 because time and date values in SMF records contain eight bytes of information: four bytes of time data that are followed by four bytes of date data.
Tip: The time portion of an SMF record is a four-byte integer binary number that represents time as the number of hundredths of a second past midnight.

Details

The SMFSTAMP w . informat reads integer binary time values and packed decimal date values of SMF records that are produced by IBM mainframe systems and converts the time and date values to SAS datetime values.

The date portion of an SMF record in hexadecimal notation is ccyyddd F, where

cc
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to the century.

yy
- is the one-byte representation of two digits that correspond to the year.

ddd
- is the one-and-a-half bytes that contain three digits that correspond to the day of the year.

F
- is the half byte that contains all binary 1s.

The SMFSTAMP w . informat enables you to read, on any operating environment, integer binary time values and packed decimal date values from files that are created on an IBM mainframe.

Examples

 input begin smfstamp8.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+----2
0058DC0C0098200F	1216483835
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary time and date value that is stored as it would appear in an SMF record. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS datetime value that corresponds to July 19, 1998 4:10:35 PM.

STIMERw. Informat

Reads time values and determines whether the values are hours, minutes, or seconds; reads the output of the STIMER system option

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

STIMER w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.

Details

The STIMER informat reads performance statistics that the STIMER system option writes to the SAS log.

The informat reads time values and determines whether the values are hours, minutes, or seconds based on the presence of decimal points and colons:

If no colon is present, the value is the number of seconds.
If a single colon is present, the value before the colon is the number of minutes. The value after the colon is the number of seconds.
If two colons are present, the sequence of time is hours, minutes, and then seconds.

In all cases, the result is a SAS time value.

The input values for STIMER must be in one of the following forms:

ss
ss.ss
mm:ss
mm:ss.ss
hh:mm:ss
hh:mm:ss.ss

where

ss
- is an integer that represents the number of seconds.

mm
- is an integer that represents the number of minutes.

hh
- is an integer that represents the number of hours.

TIMEw. Informat

Reads hours, minutes, and seconds in the form hh:mm:ss.ss

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

TIME w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 8
Range: 5 “32

Details

Time values must be in the form hh:mm:ss.ss , where

hh
- is an integer.

mm
- is the number of minutes that range from 00 through 59.

ss.ss
- is the number of seconds ranging from 00 through 59 with the fraction of a second following the decimal point.

Separate hh , mm , and ss.ss with a special character. If you do not enter a value for seconds, SAS assumes a value of 0.

The stored value is the total number of seconds in the time value.

Examples

 input begin time10.;

When the Data Line = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+
11:23:07.4	40987.4

The TIME informat can read time values with AM or PM in the value.

 input begin time8.;

Data Lines	Results
----+----1----+
1:13 PM	47580.0

TODSTAMPw. Informat

Reads an eight-byte time-of-day stamp

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

TODSTAMP w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 8 because the OS TIME macro or the STCK instruction on IBM mainframes each return an eight-byte value.

Details

The TODSTAMP w . informat reads time-of-day clock values that are produced by IBM mainframe operating systems and converts the clock values to SAS datetime values.

If the time-of-day value is all 0s, TODSTAMP w . results in a missing value.

Use TODSTAMP w . on other operating environments to read time-of-day values that are produced by an IBM mainframe.

Examples

 input btime todstamp8.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+----2
B361183D5FB80000	1262303998
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary, 8-byte time-of-day clock value. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS datetime value that corresponds to December 31, 1999, 11:59:58 PM.

TRAILSGNw. Informat

Reads a trailing plus (+) or minus (-) sign

Category: Numeric

Syntax

TRAILSGN w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 6
Range: 1 “32

Details

If the data contains a decimal point, then the TRAILSGN informat honors the number of decimal places that are in the input data.

Examples

 input x trailsgn8.;

When the data line is...	The result is...
----+----1----+
1	1
1+	1
1-	-1
1.2	1.2
1.2+	1.2
1.2	-1.2

TUw. Informat

Reads timer units

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

TU w .

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Requirement: w must be 4 because the OS TIME macro returns a four-byte value.

Details

The TU w . informat reads timer unit values that are produced by IBM mainframe operating environments and converts the timer unit values to SAS time values.

There are exactly 38,400 software timer units per second. The low-order bit in a timer unit value represents approximately 26.041667 microseconds.

Use the TU w . informat to read timer unit values that are produced by an IBM mainframe on other operating environments.

Examples

 input btime tu4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+
8FC7A9BC	62818.411563
^[*] The data line is a hexadecimal representation of a binary, four-byte timer unit value. Each byte occupies one column of the input field. The result is a SAS time value that corresponds to 5:26:58.41 PM.

VAXRBw.d Informat

Reads real binary (floating-point) data in VMS format

Category: Numeric

Syntax

VAXRB w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 2 “8

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “10

Details

Use the VAXRB w . d informat to read floating-point data from VMS files on other operating environments.

Comparisons

If you use SAS that is running under VMS, the VAXRB w . d and the RB w . d informats are identical.

w.d Informat

Reads standard numeric data

Category: Numeric

Alias: BEST w.d , D w.d , E w.d , F w.d

Syntax

w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value. If the data contain decimal points, the d value is ignored.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The w . d informat reads numeric values that are located anywhere in the field. Blanks can precede or follow a numeric value with no effect. A minus sign with no separating blank should immediately precede a negative value. The w . d informat reads values with decimal points and values in scientific E-notation, and it interprets a single period as a missing value.

Comparisons

The w . d informat is identical to the BZ w . d informat, except that the w . d informat ignores trailing blanks in the numeric values. To read trailing blanks as 0s, use the BZ w . d informat.
The w . d informat can read values in scientific E-notation exactly as the E w . d informat does.

Examples

 input @1 x 6. @10 y 6.2;  put x @7 y;

When the Data Line = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+----+ 23 2300 23 2300 23 2300 23.0 23. 2.3E1 2.3 23 0	23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 2.3 23 0

WEEKUw. Informat

Reads the format of the number-of-week value within the year and returns a SAS date value by using the U algorithm

Category: Date and Time

See: The WEEKU informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

WEEKVw. Informat

Reads the format of the number-of-week value within the year and returns a SAS date value using the V algorithm

Category: Date and Time

See: The WEEKV informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

WEEKWw. Informat

Reads the format of the number-of-week value within the year and returns a SAS date value using the W algorithm

Category: Date and Time

See: The WEEKW informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

YENw.d Informat

Removes embedded yen signs, commas, and decimal points

Category: Numeric

See: The YEN informat in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide

YYMMDDw. Informat

Reads date values in the form yymmdd or yyyymmdd

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

YYMMDD w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 6
Range: 6 “32

Details

The date values must be in the form yymmdd or yyyymmdd , where

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

mm
- is an integer from 01 through 12 that represents the month of the year.

is an integer from 01 through 31 that represents the day of the month.

You can separate the year, month, and day values by blanks or by special characters. However, if delimiters are used, place them between all the values. You can also place blanks before and after the date. Make sure the width of the input field allows space for blanks and special characters.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input calendar_date yymmdd10.;

When the Data Line = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+
050316	16511
05/03/16	16511
05 03 16	16511
2005-03-16	16511

YYMMNw. Informat

Reads date values in the form yyyymm or yymm

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

YYMMN w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 4
Range: 4 “6

Details

The date values must be in the form yyyymm or yymm , where

yy or yyyy
- is a two-digit or four-digit integer that represents the year.

mm
- is a two-digit integer that represents the month.

The N in the informat name must be used and indicates that you cannot separate the year and month values by blanks or by special characters. SAS automatically adds a day value of 01 to the value to make a valid SAS date variable.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input date1 yymmn6.;

When the Data Line = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+
200508	16649

YYQw. Informat

Reads quarters of the year in the form yy Q q or yyyy Q q

Category: Date and Time

Syntax

YYQ w.

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 6 (For SAS version 6, the default is 4.)
Range: 4 “32 (For SAS version 6, the range is 4 “6.)

Details

The quarter must be in the form yy Q q or yyyy Q q , where

yy or yyyy
- is an integer that represents the two-digit or four-digit year.

q
- is an integer (1, 2, 3, or 4) that represents the quarter of the year. You can also represent the quarter as 01, 02, 03, or 04.

The letter Q must separate the year value and the quarter value. The year value, the letter Q, and the quarter value cannot be separated by blanks. A value that is read with YYQ w. produces a SAS date value that corresponds to the first day of the specified quarter.

Note: SAS interprets a two-digit year as belonging to the 100-year span that is defined by the YEARCUTOFF= system option.

Examples

 input quarter yyq9.;

When the Data Line = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1----+
05Q2	16527
05Q02	16527
2005Q02	16527

ZDw.d Informat

Reads zoned decimal data

Category: Numeric

See: ZD w . d Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

ZD w.d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 1 “31

Details

The ZD w . d informat reads zoned decimal data in which every digit requires one byte and in which the last byte contains the value s sign along with the last digit.

Note: Different operating environments store zoned decimal values in different ways. However, ZD w . d reads zoned decimal values with consistent results if the values are created in the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

You can enter positive values in zoned decimal format from a terminal. Some keying devices enable you to enter negative values by overstriking the last digit with a minus sign.

Comparisons

Like the w . d informat, the ZD w . d informat reads data in which every digit requires one byte. Use ZDV w . d or ZD w . d to read zoned decimal data in which the last byte contains the last digit and the sign.
The ZD w . d informat functions like the ZDV w . d informat with one exception: ZDV w . d validates the input string and disallows invalid data.
The following table compares the zoned decimal informat with notation in several programming languages:

Language

Zoned Decimal Notation

SAS

ZD3.

PL/I

PICTURE 99T

COBOL

DISPLAY PIC S 999

IBM 370 assembler

ZL3

Examples

 input @1 x zd4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
F0F1F2C8	128
^[*] The data line contains a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in zoned decimal format on an IBM mainframe computer system. Each byte occupies one column of the input field.

ZDBw.d Informat

Reads zoned decimal data in which zeros have been left blank

Category: Numeric

See: ZDB w . d Informat in the documentation for your operating environment.

Syntax

ZDB w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 0 “31

Details

The ZDB w . d informat reads zoned decimal data that are produced in IBM 1410, 1401, and 1620 form, where 0s are left blank rather than being punched.

Examples

 input @1 x zdb3.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
F140C2	102
^[*] The data line contains a hexadecimal representation of a binary number that is stored in zoned decimal form, including the codes for spaces, on an IBM mainframe operating environment. Each byte occupies one column of the input field.

ZDVw.d Informat

Reads and validates zoned decimal data

Category: Numeric

Syntax

ZDV w . d

Syntax Description

specifies the width of the input field.
Default: 1
Range: 1 “32

optionally specifies the power of 10 by which to divide the value.
Range: 1 “31

Details

The ZDV w . d informat reads data in which every digit requires one byte and in which the last byte contains the value s sign along with the last digit. It also validates the input string and disallows invalid data.

ZDV w . d is dependent on the operating environment. For example, on IBM mainframes, ZDV w . d requires an F for all high-order nibbles except the last. (In contrast, the ZD w . d informat ignores the high-order nibbles for all bytes except those that are associated with the sign.) The last high-order nibble accepts values ranging from A-F, where A, C, E, and F are positive values and B and D are negative values. The low-order nibble on IBM mainframes must be a numeric digit that ranges from 0-9, as with ZD.

Note: Different operating environments store zoned decimal values in different ways. However, the ZDV w . d informat reads zoned decimal values with consistent results if the values are created in the same type of operating environment that you use to run SAS.

Comparisons

The ZDV w . d informat functions like the ZD w . d informat with one exception: ZDV w . d validates the input string and disallows invalid data.

Examples

 input @1 test zdv4.;

When the Data Line ^[*] = ...	The Result is ...
----+----1
F0F1F2C8	128
^[*] The data line contains a hexadecimal representation of a binary number stored in zoned decimal form. The example was run on an IBM mainframe. The results may vary depending on your operating environment.

Language	Packed Decimal Notation
SAS	S370FIB4.
PL/I	FIXED DEC(7,0)
COBOL	COMP-3 PIC 9(7)
assembler	PL4

Language	Zoned Decimal Notation
SAS	S370FZD3.
PL/I	PICTURE 99T
COBOL	PIC S9(3) DISPLAY
assembler	ZL3

Language	Zoned Decimal Notation
SAS	ZD3.
PL/I	PICTURE 99T
COBOL	DISPLAY PIC S 999
IBM 370 assembler	ZL3

$ASCIIw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$BINARYw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$CBw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Examples

See Also

$CHARw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$CHARZBw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$CPTDWw. Informat

$CPTWDw. Informat

$EBCDICw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$HEXw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$KANJIw. Informat

$KANJIXw. Informat

$LOGVSw. Informat

$LOGVSRw. Informat

$OCTALw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$PHEXw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Details

Comparisons

Examples

$QUOTEw. Informat

Syntax

Syntax Description

Examples

$REVERJw. Informat

$REVERSw. Informat

$UCS2Bw. Informat

$UCS2BEw. Informat

$UCS2Lw. Informat

$UCS2LEw. Informat

$UCS2Xw. Informat

$UCS2XEw. Informat

$UCS4Bw. Informat

$UCS4Lw.d Informat

$UCS4Xw. Informat

$UCS4XEw. Informat

$UESCw. Informat

$UESCEw. Informat

$UNCRw. Informat