Notes

1. This average is based on the number of software projects at SW-CMM Level 1. See Chapter 14 for more details about this statistic.

2. Software Engineering Institute, quoted in Fishman, Charles, "They Write the Right Stuff," Fast Company, December 1996. Mills, Harlan D., Software Productivity, Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1983, pp. 71 81. Wheeler, David, Bill Brykczynski, and Reginald Meeson, Software Inspection: An Industry Best Practice, Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1996. Jones, Capers, Programming Productivity, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986. Boehm, Barry W., "Improving Software Productivity," IEEE Computer, September 1987, pp. 43 57.

3. McConnell, Steve, Software Project Survival Guide, Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 1997. This book contains a more in-depth description of these dynamics.

4. Johnson, Jim, "Turning Chaos into Success," Software Magazine, December 1999, pp. 30 39. The Standish Group, "Charting the Seas of Information Technology," Dennis, MA: The Standish Group, 1994. Jones, Capers, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Yourdon Press, 1994.

5. Jones, Capers, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Yourdon Press, 1994.

6. The "advanced project" profile is based on projects performed by NASA's Software Engineering Lab. The "typical project" is from project data I've compiled from my consulting work and is consistent with data reported by Capers Jones, Patterns of Software Systems Failure and Success, Boston, MA: International Thomson Computer Press, 1996, and other sources.

7. Jones, Capers, Applied Software Measurement: Assuring Productivity and Quality, 2d Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

8. Jones, Capers, Programming Productivity, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986.

9. Brooks, Frederick P., Jr., "No Silver Bullets Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering," Computer, April 1987, pp. 10 19.

10. Glass, Robert L., Software Runaways, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.

11. Vosburgh, J., B. Curtis, R. Wolverton, B. Albert, H. Malec, S. Hoben, and Y. Liu, "Productivity Factors and Programming Environments," Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Software Engineering, Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society, 1984, pp. 143 152. Lederer, Albert L., and Jayesh Prasad, "Nine Management Guidelines for Better Cost Estimating," Communications of the ACM, February 1992, pp. 51 59. The Standish Group, "Charting the Seas of Information Technology," Dennis, MA: The Standish Group, 1994. Jones, Capers, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Yourdon Press, 1994.

12. Jones, Capers, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Yourdon Press, 1994.