Notes

1. Jane Linder, Susan Cantrell, and Scott Crist, ‘‘Business Process Outsourcing Big Bang: Creating Value in an Expanding Universe,’’ Accenture Institute for Strategic Change research report, July 2002.

2. Ibid.

3. Jane Linder, Sam Perkins, Srinivasan Rangan, Philip Dover, ‘‘The Drug Industry’s Alliance Archipelago,’’ Accenture Institute for Strategic Change research report, November 2003.

4. For more on the changes at BPX, see Joel Podolny and John Roberts, ‘‘British Petroleum (A1): Organizing for Performance at BPX,’’ case study from the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, S-1B- 16A2, 1998, revised April 2, 2002, and ‘‘British Petroleum (A2): Organizing for Performance at BPX, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, 1B16A1, July 4, 1999.