Index_M

M

MAC layer and MAC address, 585, 593–594

Maintenance

cleaning tools and procedures, 8, 65–66, 403

keyboard, 217–218, 472

Maintenance Wizard, 665

mice and trackballs, 213–214

optical disk drawers, 168

preventing ESD, 10–11, 301–302, 403, 422

Malware, 63–64

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), 582, 847

Mandatory user profile, 735, 816

MAP command, 340–341

Master hard drive, 466, 537

Math coprocessor, 424, 465, 469

Mats, anti-static (ESD), 7

MBR (master boot record), 135, 320, 339, 523, 632, 847

MCA (IBM’s Micro Channel Architecture), 409, 496, 847

McAfee Clinic (McAfee), 256

McAfee Virus Scan (McAfee), 63

MCC (Memory Controller Chip), 422

MD command, 321, 341, 630

MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter), 493, 495, 847

Mechanical mouse, 472–473

Megabytes, as size unit, 441

Memmaker utility, 454, 636

Memory

address bus, 422

addresses, 440, 446, 468

BEDO DRAM, 443

BIOS settings, 16, 126–127

cache memory, 86, 133, 396, 423, 442, 445

CAS latency, 117

CompactFlash, 451

compatibility, 119, 120, 124

computer reports wrong amount of, 119–121

controller, 424

conventional, 453, 635

DDR SDRAM, 444

described, 115, 439

determining amount installed, 119–121

DIMMs, 68–69, 116–117, 120–121, 447, 448

DMAs, 423, 424, 467–468, 529

DRAM, 440, 441–442, 446

ECC, 116, 451–452

EDO DRAM, 443

EEPROM chips, 407

EMS, 635

EPROM chips, 406–407

error detection, 116

error messages, 124–125

evaluating need for, 116–117

flash memory cards, 154

FPM DRAM, 443

gold and tin edge connectors, 446–447

HMA, 453, 454, 635

I/O addresses, 468–469

in notebooks or laptops, 121, 123

installing, 121–123, 450

limulation, 636

manufacturers of, 119

mapping, 446, 469

math coprocessors, 469

MEM command, 630

MEMMAKER command, 454, 636

MicroDIMMs, 447, 449

module quick reference, 447

motherboard compatibility and, 116, 120, 124

NICs, 469

operating systems and logical, 452–453

optimal amount of, 117–119

out-of-memory messages, 124

overflow error message, 507

packaging, 446–451

parity checking, 116, 451–452

physical module size and pin layout, 116

POST error, 408

PROM chips, 406

quantity of, 116, 119–121

RAM, 116, 440–441

Rambus RDRAM, 444

reserved, 453–454

RIMMs, 447, 449–450

ROM BIOS, 406, 441–442, 453–454

SDRAM, 440, 443

Serial Presence Detect (SPD), 117, 124

SGRAM, 445

shadowing, 453

SIMMs, 447

single- vs. double-sided modules, 117

SODIMMs, 447, 448

speed and, 116

SRAM, 442

sticks, 115

swap files, 442, 445–446, 636

system tray and resources, 50–52

testing hardware, 125

testing software, 125–126

troubleshooting, 119–121, 123–126

types of, 116, 117

UMA, 453–454

video, 175, 177–178, 179

Virtual Machines (VMs), 426, 636–638

virtual, 48, 118–119, 442, 445–446, 636

volatile and nonvolatile, 440, 442

VRAM, 442, 444–445, 494–495, 500

WRAM, 445, 500

XMA, 635

XMS, 453, 455, 635

See also Performance

Memory.dmp files, 29

Memtest86, 126

MFDs (Multifunction Device), 510–511, 848

Micro-ATX motherboards, 399

MicroDIMMs (Micro Dual Inline Memory Modules), 447, 449, 848

Microdrives, 154

Microphone input, 185

Micro-Scope testing kits, 126, 148, 258, 265

Microsoft Management Console, 321–322, 733, 807, 848

Microsoft operating systems, 615. See also specific operating system

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) port

joysticks, 474

motherboard, 90, 398, 550

sound cards, 479

Mini 36-pin connector, 553

Mini-PCI cards, 413–414

MKDIR command, 321, 341

MM (multi-mode) fiber optics, 565–566

Model numbers, motherboard, 79

Modems

AOL connection problems and, 250

as built-in components, 75–77

AT modem commands, 476, 477

cable and DSL modems, 194

connecting, 475–476

connection cables, 193

data transfer speed, 241–242

described, 5, 187, 848

diagnosing problems, 190–193

drivers, 476

error messages, 190, 192–193

faxing and voice capability, 189

flow control (handshaking), 476–477

for laptops or notebooks, 193

installing, 190

internal vs. external, 187

Internet connection troubleshooting, 222–224

modem risers, 77

PBX phone lines and, 193, 223

Phone and Modem applet of Windows Control Panel, 229–232

ports for, 190

Query Modem button, 191

removing, 190

RTS/CTS flow control, 477

selecting a modem, 189–190

serial ports and, 188

sound card/modem combinations, 194

speed, 187

UART chips, 476

WinModem vs. controller-based, 189

XMODEM method, 477

XON/XOFF flow control, 477

YMODEM method, 477

ZMODEM method, 477

Monitors

bezel, 497

brightness of, 303

changing Display Properties, 497

connectors, 490, 501

described, 5

degaussing, 491

Energy Star compliant, 499–500

flat-panel monitors, 179

installing, 184

interlaced vs. noninterlaced CRTs, 494

LCDs, 499–501

monochrome and color, 491

multiple-monitor setups, 175

nominal size, 497

POST error, 408

problems, 181

raster graphics, 498

refresh rates, 182–183

refresh rates, CRT, 492–495, 501

settings for, 182–184, 491–492, 500–501

shadow mask, 491

shapes and sizes, 497–498

testing displays, 184

vector graphics, 498

video display standards, 495–497

VRAM requirements, 494–495, 500

See also CRTs

Monomode fiber, 565

MORE command, 322–323, 341

Motherboards

Advanced Technology (AT) and Baby AT, 396–397

AGP slots, 69–70

ATX, 397–399

batteries for, 80–82, 405

BIOS, 82–85, 406–407

brand/model, locating, 79

built-in components, 75–77

chipsets and, 67

CMOS, 405–406

components, 68–74, 396, 398

CPUs on, 85–91

described, 4, 67

device installation, 536–538

diagnosing problems, 80–82

DIP switch and jumper settings, 79, 80

disk drive connectors, 72–73, 74

DVO connectors, 70

expansion bus architecture, 409–413

expansion slots, 70–72, 91–92

external ports, 550

form factors, 68, 395–399

hard drives and, 139

header connectors, 73

identification of, 75

installation of, 78–80

jumpers, 88

keyed connectors, 397

LPX (Low Profile Extensions), 397

memory compatibility and, 116, 124

memory slots, 68–69

micro-ATX, 399

NLX (InterLex), 397

ports, 73

POST error, 408

power connectors, 72, 74

quality of, 75

removal of, 77–78

riser cards, 411–412

Serial ATA connections, 533

setup for, 80

video and, 174–175, 178

Mouse/pointers

ball (mechanical) mouse, 209

cleaning, 213–214

connectors, 94, 396

Control Panel Mouse applet, 210

detection types, 209

infrared wireless mouse, 474

installing, 211–212

IRQs, 465

jerky pointers, 212–214

joysticks, 474

laptops or notebooks and, 208

mouse interfaces, 208–209

optical mouse, 209

problems, 40, 42–43, 123–124, 212–214, 265

PS/2 connectors, 397, 399, 424, 550, 554–555

PS/2 mouse, 208, 473

removing, 211–212

scroll wheels on, 209

serial mouse, 208, 473

stylus, 474

three-button mouse, 214

touchpads, 209, 474

trackballs, 473

types, 208–209, 472–473

USB mouse, 208, 473

wireless mouse, 209

MOVE command, 323, 630

MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) compression, 540–541, 849

MS DOS Command Prompt, 58–61

MSCDEX.EXE, 540, 849

MSCONFIG (System Configuration Utility), 52–53, 762–763, 811–812

MSD.EXE, 634

MSDOS.SYS, 620, 621

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), 405, 849

Multitasking, 618

Multitesters, 6

My Computer command, 137–138