| Java contains extensive support for internationalization, or I18N. Multilingual programming is supported by allowing strings to be stored in language-specific Java resource bundles. These bundles can be exchanged as language needs vary. JSTL also includes formatting tags that allow you to properly format numbers, dates, and currencies for specific locales. The <fmt:bundle> Tag The <fmt:bundle> tag is used to load the specified bundle and use it as the default bundle for any <fmt:message> tags that fall inside the <fmt:bundle> block. If you want to load a bundle to a scoped variable, you should use the <fmt:setBundle> tag. <fmt:bundle basename="basename" prefix="prefix"/> </fmt:setBundle> The <fmt:bundle> tag has the following attributes: | basename | Y | Specifies the base name of the resource bundle that is to be loaded. | | prefix | N | Specifies a prefix that will be added to every key attribute specified in the <fmt:message> tags. | The <fmt:formatDate> Tag The <fmt:formatDate> tag is used to format dates in a variety of standard forms. <fmt:formatDate [value="date"] [type="{time|date|both}"] [dateStyle="{default|short|medium|long|full}"] [timeStyle="{default|short|medium|long|full}"] [pattern="customPattern"] [timeZone="timeZone"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]/> The <fmt:formatDate> tag uses the following attributes: | dateStyle | N | A predefined formatting style for dates. Applied only when formatting a date, or both a date and time (that is, if type is missing or is equal to date or both); ignored otherwise. | | pattern | N | A custom formatting style for dates and times. | | scope | N | The scope of var; the default is page. | | timeStyle | N | A predefined formatting style for times. Applied only when formatting a time, or both a date and time (that is, if type is equal to time or both); ignored otherwise. | | timeZone | N | Specifies the time zone in which to represent the formatted time. | | type | N | Specifies whether only the time, the date, or both the time and date components of the given date are to be formatted. The default is date. | | value | Y | The date and/or time that should be formatted. | | var | N | The name of the exported scoped attribute that stores the formatted result as a String. | The <fmt:formatNumber> Tag The <fmt:formatNumber> tag is used to format dates in a variety of standard forms. // Syntax 1: Without a body <fmt:formatNumber value="numericValue" [type="{number|currency|percent}"] [pattern="customPattern"] [currencyCode="currencyCode"] [currencySymbol="currencySymbol"] [groupingUsed="{true|false}"] [maxIntegerDigits="maxIntegerDigits"] [minIntegerDigits="minIntegerDigits"] [maxFractionDigits="maxFractionDigits"] [minFractionDigits="minFractionDigits"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]/> // Syntax 2: With a body to specify the numeric value to be formatted <fmt:formatNumber [type="{number|currency|percent}"] [pattern="customPattern"] [currencyCode="currencyCode"] [currencySymbol="currencySymbol"] [groupingUsed="{true|false}"] [maxIntegerDigits="maxIntegerDigits"] [minIntegerDigits="minIntegerDigits"] [maxFractionDigits="maxFractionDigits"] [minFractionDigits="minFractionDigits"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]> numeric value to be formatted </fmt:formatNumber> The <fmt:formatNumber> tag uses the following attributes: | currencyCode | N | String ISO 4217 currency code. Applied only when formatting currencies (that is, if type is equal to currency); ignored otherwise. | | currencySymbol | N | String Currency symbol. Applied only when formatting currencies (that is, if type is equal to currency); ignored otherwise. | | groupingUsed | N | Specifies whether the formatted output will contain any grouping separators. The default is true. | | maxFractionDigits | N | The maximum number of digits in the fractional portion of the formatted output. | | maxIntegerDigits | N | The maximum number of digits in the integer portion of the formatted output. | | minFractionDigits | N | The minimum number of digits in the fractional portion of the formatted output. | | minIntegerDigits | N | The minimum number of digits in the integer portion of the formatted output. | | pattern | N | String Custom formatting pattern. Applied only when formatting numbers (that is, if type is missing or is equal to number); ignored otherwise. | | scope | N | The scope of var. The default is page. | | type | N | Specifies whether the value is to be formatted as number, currency, or percentage. The default is number. | | value | N | The String or Number Numeric value to be formatted. | | var | N | The name of the exported scoped attribute that stores the formatted result as a String. | The <fmt:message> Tag The <fmt:message> tag is used to insert multilingual text into JSP pages. This tag references strings stored in resource bundles. If the <fmt:message> tag is inside a <fmt:bundle> block, then <fmt:message> will use <fmt:bundle> to determine which resource bundle to use. If the <fmt:message> tag is outside a <fmt:bundle> block, then resourceBundle must be scoped variable obtained from a previous call to <fmt:setBundle>. It can also use a configured localization context. // Syntax 1: Without body content <fmt:message key="messageKey" [bundle="resourceBundle"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]/> // Syntax 2: With a body to specify message parameters <fmt:message key="messageKey" [bundle="resourceBundle"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]> <fmt:param> subtags </fmt:message> // Syntax 3: With a body to specify key and optional message parameters <fmt:message [bundle="resourceBundle"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]> key optional <fmt:param> subtags </fmt:message> The <fmt:message> tag has the following attributes: | bundle | N | Specifies the resource bundle that is to be used. If this tag occurs from within a <fmt:bundle> tag, then no bundle needs to be specified. | | key | N | Specifies the lookup key that identifies the desired string inside the bundle. | | scope | N | Specifies the scope of the scoped variable referenced by the var attribute. If the var attribute is not needed, then the scope attribute should not be specified. The default is page. | | var | N | Specifies a scoped variable that will receive the value of the string that is being looked up. If no var attribute is specified, then the output will be written to the page. | The <fmt:param> Tag The <fmt:param> tag is used to specify parameters that will fill in the <fmt:message> string. // Syntax 1: Value specified via attribute value <fmt:param value="messageParameter"/> // Syntax 2: Value specified via body content <fmt:param> body content </fmt:param> The <fmt:param> tag has one attribute. Only 10 parameters may be specified. | value | N | Specifies the value that is to be inserted for the parameter. | The <fmt:parseDate> Tag The <fmt:parseDate> tag is used to transform a string into a Java date. // Syntax 1: Without a body <fmt:parseDate value="dateString" [type="{time|date|both}"] [dateStyle="{default|short|medium|long|full}"] [timeStyle="{default|short|medium|long|full}"] [pattern="customPattern"] [timeZone="timeZone"] [parseLocale="parseLocale"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]/> // Syntax 2: With a body to specify the date value to be parsed <fmt:parseDate [type="{time|date|both}"] [dateStyle="{default|short|medium|long|full}"] [timeStyle="{default|short|medium|long|full}"] [pattern="customPattern"] [timeZone="timeZone"] [parseLocale="parseLocale"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]> date value to be parsed </fmt:parseDate> The <fmt:parseDate> tag has the following attributes: | dateStyle | N | The style for the date. Should be default, short, long, medium, or full. The default is default. This attribute uses DateFormat semantics. | | parseLocale | N | Specifies the locale that should be used. This attribute should be of type String or java.util.Locale. | | pattern | N | Specifies how the date is to be parsed using a pattern. | | timeStyle | N | The style for the time. Should be default, short, long, medium, or full. The default is default. | | timeZone | N | The zone that the parsed time is from. This value should be of type String or java.util.TimeZone. | | type | N | The type of date to parse. Should be time, date, or both. The default is date. | | value | N | The string to be parsed. | | var | N | The name of the exported scoped attribute that stores the parsed result (of type java.lang.Number). | The <fmt:parseNumber> Tag The <fmt:parseNumber> tag is used to parse strings into numeric values. If the value specified cannot be transformed into a numeric value, then an exception will be thrown. // Syntax 1: Without a body <fmt:parseNumber value="numericValue" [type="{number|currency|percent}"] [pattern="customPattern"] [parseLocale="parseLocale"] [integerOnly="{true|false}"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]/> // Syntax 2: With a body to specify the numeric value to be parsed <fmt:parseNumber [type="{number|currency|percent}"] [pattern="customPattern"] [parseLocale="parseLocale"] [integerOnly="{true|false}"] [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]> numeric value to be parsed </fmt:parseNumber> The <fmt:parseNumber> tag has the following attributes: | integerOnly | N | Specifies whether just the integer portion of the given value should be parsed. Defaults to false. | | parseLocale | N | The locale whose default formatting pattern (for numbers, currencies, or percentages, respectively) is to be used during the parse operation, or to which the pattern specified via the pattern attribute (if present) is applied. | | pattern | N | Custom formatting pattern that determines how the string in the value attribute is to be parsed. Applied only when parsing numbers (that is, if type is missing or is equal to number); ignored otherwise. | | scope | N | The scope of var. Defaults to page. | | type | N | Specifies whether the string in the value attribute should be parsed as number, currency, or percentage. Defaults to number. | | value | N | The string to be parsed. | | var | N | The name of the exported scoped attribute that stores the parsed result (of type java.lang.Number). | The <fmt:requestEncoding> Tag The <fmt:requestEncoding> tag is used to specify the encoding method used in the form that posted to the current page. This allows JSTL to properly determine the parameters that were posted to the current page. <fmt:requestEncoding [value="charsetName"]/> The <fmt:requestEncoding> tag has one attribute: | value | N | The name of the character encoding to be applied when decoding request parameters. | The <fmt:setBundle> Tag The <fmt:setBundle> tag is used to load a Java resource bundle into a JSTL scoped variable. The scoped variable can then be provided to future calls to the <fmt:message> tag. <fmt:setBundle basename="basename" [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]> The <fmt:setBundle> tag contains the following attributes: | basename | Y | Specifies the base name of the resource bundle that is to be loaded in the form or fully qualified classname. | | scope | N | Specifies the scope of the variable that is contained in the var attribute. Defaults to page. | | var | N | Specifies a scoped variable that will hold the newly instantiated resource bundle. | The <fmt:setLocale> Tag The <fmt:setLocale> tag is used to specify the current locale for the Web application. <fmt:setLocale value="locale" [variant="variant"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"]/> The <fmt:setLocale> tag has the following attributes: | value | Y | The locale species a two-part code that represents the ISO-639 language code and an ISO-3166 country code (for example,en-US). | | scope | N | Specifies the scope of this locale setting. The default is page. | | variant | N | Specifies a vendor- or browser-specific variant of the language referenced by value. For more information, refer to the java.util.Locale JavaDocs. | The <fmt:setTimeZone> Tag The <fmt:setTimeZone> tag is used to specify the time zone for the Web application. <fmt:setTimeZone value="timeZone" [var="varName"] [scope="{page|request|session|application}"] The <fmt:setTimeZone> tag has the following attributes: | scope | N | Specifies the scope of scoped variable referenced by var. The default is page. | | value | Y | Specifies the time zone that should be used by the tags enclosed in the body of this tag. See the java.util.TimeZone JavaDoc for formats. | | var | N | Specifies the scoped variable that is to receive the time zone. | The <fmt:timeZone> Tag The <fmt:timeZone> tag is used to specify a time zone that will be used by all tags inside the body of the <fmt:timeZone> tag. The <fmt:timeZone> tag has one attribute: | value | Y | Specifies the time zone that should be used by the tags enclosed in the body of this tag. See the java.util.TimeZone JavaDoc for formats. | | 
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