Editors Authors | General Thoracic Surgery (General Thoracic Surgery (Shields)) [2 VOLUME SET]

Editors: Shields, Thomas W.; LoCicero, Joseph; Ponn, Ronald B.; Rusch, Valerie W.

Title: General Thoracic Surgery, 6th Edition

> Front of Book > Editors

Edited by

Thomas W. Shields MD, DSc (Hon.)

Professor Emeritus of Surgery

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Joseph LoCicero III MD

Professor and Chair

Department of Surgery, University of Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama

Ronald B. Ponn MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Valerie W. Rusch MD

Chief Thoracic Surgery

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Professor of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Secondary Editors

R. Craig Percy

Acquisitions Editor

Joanne Bersin

Developmental Editor

Adam Glazer

Marketing Manager

Timothy Prairie

Supervising Production Editor

Richard Rothschild

Production Editor

Print Matters, Inc.

Benjamin Rivera

Manufacturing Manager

David Levy

Cover Designer

Compositor: Compset, Inc.

Printer: Maple Press

Contributors

Shahab A. Akhter MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

Homeros A. Aletras MD

Emeritus Professor of Surgery

Salonika University, Salonika, Greece

John C. Alexander Jr. MD

Chief

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey

Mark S. Allen MD

Professor of Surgery

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

Thomas A. Aloia MD

Fellow in Surgical Oncology; MD

Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Nasser K. Altorki MD

Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

W. Scott Arnold MD

Attending Thoracic Surgeon

Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, Virginia

Carl L. Backer MD

Professor of Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Ronald H.R. Belsey MD

Former Visiting Professor

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Akhil Bidani MD, PhD

Professor and Director of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas

Charles E. Blevins PhD

Professor Emeritus of Anatomy

Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Matthew G. Blum MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Ann-Greth Bondeson MD

Professor of Surgery

Central Hospital, Skovde, Sweden

Aart Brutel de la Rivi re MD, PhD

Professor and Chairman of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Chuong Bui MBBS

Staff Nuclear Medicine Physician

Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia

Peter H. Burri MD

Professor and Chairman

Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland

Vicente J. Caride MD

Associate Clinical Professor of Diagnostic Radiology

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

J. Jeffrey Carr MS, MD

Associate Professor of Radiologic Sciences

Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Stephen D. Cassivi MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

Michael Y. Chang MD

Instructor in Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Martin H. Cohen MD

Professor of Medicine

Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Yvon Cormier MD

Professor of Medicine

Laval University Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada

James D. Cox MD

Professor and Head of Radiation Oncology

University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Robert M. Craig MD

Professor of Medicine

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

John J. Crowley PhD

President and CEO

Cancer Research and Biostatistics (CRAB), Seattle, Washington

Anne McB Curtis MD

Professor and Vice Chairman of Diagnostic Radiology

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Richard S. D'Agostino MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts

Robert J. Dabal MD

Fellow in Cardiothoracic Surgery

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Benedict D.T. Daly MD

Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts

Thomas M. Daniel MD

Professor of Thoracic Surgery

University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia

Gail Darling MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Philippe G. Dartevelle MD

Professor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Paris Sud University, Paris, France

Alberto de Hoyos MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Jacob DeLaRosa MD

Adjunct Professor

College of Health Professions, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho

Steven R. DeMeester MD

Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California

Tom R. DeMeester MD

Professor and Chair

Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California

Todd L. Demmy MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York

Claude Deschamps MD

Professor of Surgery

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

Jean Deslauriers MD

Professor of Surgery

Laval University Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada

Darryl DiRisio MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

Joseph J. Disa MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Ali Dodge-Khatami MD, PhD

Attending Cardiovascular Surgeon

University of Z rich, Z rich, Switzerland

Donald B. Doty MD

Clinical Professor of Surgery

University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah

John R. Doty MD

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Surgery

University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah

Robert J. Downey MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Andr C.H. Duranceau MD

Professor of Surgery

University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Forrest C. Eggleston MD

Formerly Professor and Head of Surgery

Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Amgad El-Sherif MD

Chief Resident

Department of Surgery, University of Missouri Healthcare, Columbia, Missouri

John A. Elefteriades MD

Professor and Chief

Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Bahman Emami MD

Professor and Chairman

Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois

Sina Ercan MD

Fellow in Cardiovascular Surgery

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona

L. Penfield Faber MD

Professor of Surgery

Rush Medical College of Rush University, Chicago, Illinois

Richard H. Feins MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York

Ronald Feld MD

Professor of Medicine

University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stanley C. Fell MD

Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

Mark K. Ferguson MD

Professor of Surgery

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Pasquale Ferraro MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Steven E. Finkelstein MD

Clinical Associate

Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Dan J. Fintel MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Raja M. Flores MD

Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Willard A. Fry MD

Professor Emeritus of Clinical Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Patrick J. Fultz MD

Associate Professor of Radiology

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York

Henning A. Gaissert MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Warren B. Gefter MD

Professor of Radiology

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Gary G. Ghahremani MD

Clinical Professor of Radiology

UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, California

Juan Gil MD

Professor of Pathology

Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York

Robert J. Ginsberg MD

Professor of Surgery

University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

(deceased)

Jeffrey Glassroth MD

George R. and Elaine Love Professor and Chair

Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin

Makoto Goda MD, PhD

Visiting Fellow

Division of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

Richard M. Gore MD

Clinical Professor of Radiology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Geoffrey M. Graeber MD

Professor of Surgery

West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

F. Anthony Greco MD

Medical Director

The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Jocelyn Gr goire MD

Laval University Faculty of Medicine

Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada

John F. Greskovich Jr. MD

Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

Hermes C. Grillo MD

Professor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Jay L. Grosfeld MD

Lafayette F. Page Professor and Director of Pediatric Surgery

Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Milton D. Gross MD

Professor of Radiology and Internal Medicine

University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Jeffrey A. Hagen MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery

Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California

John D. Hainsworth MD

Director

Clinical Research, The Sarah Cannnon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Nickolaos N. Harlaftis MD

Professor of Surgery

Salonika University, Salonika, Greece

David H. Harpole Jr. MD

Professor of Surgery

Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina

Hirato Hatabu PhD, MD

Associate Professor of Radiology

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Claudia I. Henschke PhD, MD

Professor of Radiology

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Roy S. Herbst MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Lauren D. Holinger MD

Professor of Otolaryngology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Babette J. Horn MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Mark D. Iannettoni MD

Johann L. Ehrenhaft Professor and Chairman

Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa

David H. Ilson MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Stuart W. Jamieson MB

Professor and Head

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California

Alfred Jaretzki III MD

Professor of Clinical Surgery

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York

K. Jay Jeyasingham MB, ChM

Honorary Clinical Lecturer in Surgery

University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Donald P. Jones MD, FRCS(C)

Chief

Thoracic Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey

Larry R. Kaiser MD

The John Rhea Barton Professor and Chairman

Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Gregory P. Kalemkerian MD

Clinical Associate Professor of Internal Medicine

University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Samer Kanaan MD

Instructor in Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Rajeev Kapoor MBBS, MS

Reader in Surgery

Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Merrill S. Kies MD

Professor

Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Timothy J. Kinsella MD

Professor of Radiation Oncology

Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Thomas J. Kirby MD

Professor of Surgery

McMaster University School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Paul A. Kirschner MD

Professor Emeritus of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York

Herbert Knight MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Anne C. Kolker MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Ritsuko Komaki MD

Professor of Radiation Oncology

University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Michael J. Kornstein MD

Pathologist; Commonwealth Laboratory Consultants

Henrico Doctors' Hospital, Richmond, Virginia

Robert J. Korst MD

Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Mark J. Krasna MD

Professor and Head

Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Rodney J. Landreneau MD

Professor of Surgery and Director

Comprehensive Lung Center, UPMC Shadyside Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Pierre LeBlanc MD

Professor of Chest Medicine

Laval University Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada

Jun Li MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan

Richard W. Light MD

Professor of Medicine

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee

Patricia A. Limpert MD

Resident in General Surgery

Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Jules Lin MD

Resident in General Surgery

University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Michael J. Liptay MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Robert P. Lisak MD

Professor and Chair

Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan

Joseph LoCicero III MD

Professor and Chair

Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama

Massimo Loda MD

Associate Professor of Pathology

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Susan R. Luck MD

Professor of Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

John C. Lucke MD

Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Asheville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Asheville, North Carolina

James D. Luketich MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Paolo Macchiarini MD, PhD

Chair of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery

Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Michael J. Mack MD

Staff Surgeon

Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, Texas

Michael M. Madani MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery

University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California

Kamal A. Mansour MBBCH

Professor of Surgery

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Jocelyne Martin MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Akira Masaoka MD

Emeritus Professor of Surgery

Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan

Gilbert Massard MD

Professor of Surgery

University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Douglas J. Mathisen MD

Hermes C. Grillo Professor of Thoracic Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Richard A. Matthay MD

Boehringer Ingelheim Professor of Medicine

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Joan G. Matthews MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesia

University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

Robert J. McKenna Jr. MD

Clinical Professor of Thoracic Surgery

UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

Joseph S. McLaughlin MD

Professor of Surgery

University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

M ir n E. McMenamin MD

Lecturer

University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

Babak J. Mehrara MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Steven J. Mentzer MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Bryan F. Meyers MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Joseph I. Miller Jr. MD

Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Lucinda Miller MD

Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine

University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Wallace T. Miller MD

Professor of Radiology

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Wallace T. Miller Jr. MD

Associate Professor of Radiology

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Nena Mirkovic MD

Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology

Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois

Darroch W.O. Moores MD

Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery

Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

Hiroshi Mukae MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine

Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan

Gordon F. Murray MD

Professor of Surgery

West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

Sacha Mussot MD

Fellow in Thoracic and Vascular Surgery

Paris-Sud University, Paris, France

Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama MD

Lecturer

Department of Infectious Diseases, Miyakazi Medical College, Miyazaki, Japan

Tsuguo Naruke MD

Formerly Deputy Director and Chief

Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Keith S. Naunheim MD

The Vallee L. and Melba Willman Professor of Surgery

Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Yukifumi Nawa MD

Vice President for Research and Planning

University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

Sridhar Neralla DO

Fellow in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin

Dao M. Nguyen MD

Senior Investigator

Thoracic Oncology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Francis C. Nichols III MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

Carl R. O'Donnell ScD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Jemi Olak MD

Attending Thoracic Surgeon

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois

Mark B. Orringer MD

John Alexander Distinguished Professor of Surgery

University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Andranik Ovassapian MD

Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Kerry L. Paape MD

Attending Surgeon

Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, Louisiana

Peter C. Pairolero MD

Professor of Surgery

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

Bernard J. Park MD

Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Harvey I. Pass MD

Professor of Surgery and Karmanos Cancer Institute

Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan

Amit N. Patel MD

Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

G. Alexander Patterson MD

Professor of Surgery

Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Thomas G. Paulson PhD

Staff Scientist

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

David G. Payne MSc, MD

Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology

University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Marvin Pomerantz MD

Professor of Surgery

University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado

Ronald B. Ponn MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

A. John Popp MD

Professor and Chair

Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

Jeffrey L. Port MD

Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Ganga Prabhakar MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

Joe B. Putnam Jr. MD

Professor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Jacquelyn A. Quin MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

Delia Radovich MD

Fellow

Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York

Carolyn E. Reed MD

Professor of Surgery

Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

Yael Refaely MD

Instructor in Surgery

Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Brian J. Reid MD

Professor of Gastroenterology

University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

Frederick J. Rescorla MD

Professor of Pediatric Surgery

Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Marleta Reynolds MD

Professor of Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Thomas W. Rice MD

Head

General Thoracic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio

Philip G. Robinson MD

Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology

University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida

Andrew S. Rudin MD

Fellow in Cardiology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Valerie W. Rusch MD

Professor of Surgery

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Steven A. Sahn MD

Professor of Medicine

Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

Ricardo S. Santos MD

Instructor in Surgery

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

David S. Schrump MD

Head

Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland

Matthew J. Schuchert MD

Resident in Cardiothoracic Surgery

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Rosita M. Shah MD

Clinical Associate in Radiology

Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia

Dorith Shaham MD

Lecturer in Radiology

Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel

Robert C. Shamberger MD

Professor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Brahm Shapiro MBChB, PhD

Professor of Radiology

University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Frances A. Shepherd MD

Professor of Medicine and Scott Taylor Chair in Lung Cancer Research

University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Thomas W. Shields MD

Professor Emeritus of Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Joseph B. Shrager MD

Associate Professor and Chief

General Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Barry L. Shulkin MD

Professor of Radiology

University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Alan D.L. Sihoe MB Bchir

Clinical Tutor

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong

Gerard A. Silvestri MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

Sunil Singhal MD

Resident in Surgery

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Sonali M. Smith MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

William G. Spies MD

Clinical Professor of Radiology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Amit Srivastava MD

Senior Attending Physician

MacNeal Hospital, Berwyn, Illinois

Christian G. Stevoff MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Robert D. Stewart MD, MPH

Instructor in Surgery

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Alan Stolpen MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Radiology

University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa

John M. Streitz Jr. MD

Clinical Associate Professor

University of Minnesota Duluth School of Medicine, Duluth, Minnesota

David J. Sugarbaker MD

Professor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

R. Sudhir Sundaresan MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Panagiotis N. Symbas MD

Professor of Surgery

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Michael F. Szwerc MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia

Lynn T. Tanoue MD

Associate Professor of Internal Medicine

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Norman W. Thompson MD

Professor Emeritus of Surgery

University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Robert J. Touloukian MD

Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Victor F. Trastek MD

Professor of Surgery

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona

Ryosuke Tsuchiya MD

Chairman

Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Michael B. Ujiki MD

Research Fellow

Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Harold C. Urschel Jr. MD, PhD

Chair of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgical Research

Education and Clinical Excellence, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

Koen van Besien MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Henry A. van Swieten Jr. MD, PhD

Attending Cardiothoracic Surgeon

St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands

Arvydas D. Vanagunas MD

Professor of Medicine

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Madeline F. Vazquez MD

Associate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Mohan Verghese MD

Professor and Head

Department of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Richard L. Wahl MD

Professor and Director of Nuclear Medicine

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

William H. Warren MD

Professor of Surgery

Rush Medical College of Rush University, Chicago, Illinois

Lacey Washington MD

Assistant Professor of Diagnostic Radiology

Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Yoh Watanabe MD

Professor Emeritus of Surgery

Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan

Julie L. Wei MD

Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas

Ewald R. Weibel MD, DSc

Professor Emeritus of Anatomy

University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland

Jean-Marie Wihlm MD

Attending Thoracic Surgeon

H pital Civil, Strasbourg, France

Hak Yui Wong MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Douglas E. Wood MD

Professor and Chief

General Thoracic Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

Kenneth J. Woodside MD

Resident in General Surgery

The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Cameron D. Wright MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Manoel Ximenes III MD

Professor and Head of Thoracic Surgery

University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil

Vahid Yaghmai MD

Assistant Professor of Clinical Radiology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

David F. Yankelevitz MD

Professor of Radiology

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Anjana V. Yeldandi PhD

Associate Professor of Pathology

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Anthony P.C. Yim MA, DM

Professor of Surgery

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong

David S. Younger MD

Clinical Associate Professor of Neurology; Chief

Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

Joseph B. Zwischenberger MD

Professor of Surgery, Medicine, and Radiology; Director

General Thoracic Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas