- Manolov, Emmanuil, composer
- 1306.
- Mano River Union
- 4355.
- Man people
- 138.
- Mansabdari system, of the Mughal Empire
- 832.
- Bonsu, Mansa, Asante leader
- 1516.
- Mansa Mahmud, Mali ruler
- 870.
- Mansa Musa, king of Mali
- 351, 353, 357.
- Mansa Musa II
- 353.
- Mansard, François, French architect
- 643.
- Mansfeld, Peter Ernst II, German general
- 590, 617, 618.
- Mansfield, Katherine, writer
- 1839.
- Mantegna, Andrea, Italian artist
- 607.
- Manteuffel, Otto von, Prussian leader
- 1230.
- Manthimba
- 888.
- Mantinea
- 190, 197, 200, 202, 211.
- Mantua
- 537, 602, 607, 612, 657, 738, 745, 1009, 1211.
- Manu
- 131.
- Manuel, brother of Theodore Dukas of Epirus
- 497, 509.
- Manuel, ruler of the Morea
- 566.
- Manual I, emperor of Greece
- 492.
- Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor
- 494, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 502, 503.
- Manuel II, Byzantine emperor
- 568, 568, 568, 568.
- Manuel Odría, Peruvian leader
- 3552, 3552.
- Manus
- 1477.
- manuscripts
- 292.
- Manzhouguo, Manchukuo
- 2473, 2473, 2473, 2474, 2476, 2476, 2480, 2484, 2512, 2515.
- Manzikert, battle of
- 281, 301, 500, 505.
- Maodun, of China
- 75.
- Mao Dun, writer
- 2478.
- Maoism
- 2637, 3555, 3565, 4156, 4415.
- Maoris, New Zealand
- 52, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1502, 1503, 1503, 1503, 1503, 1503, 1503, 1504, 1504, 2551, 2551, 2551, 2551, 2553, 4314, 4315, 4315, 4316, 4316, 4316, 4317, 4317, 4317, 4319, 4319.
- Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act, New Zealand
- 4314.
- Maori Women's Welfare League, New Zealand
- 4315.
- Mao Zedong, Mao Tse-tung
- 2463, 2465, 2469, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2471, 2476, 2476, 2480, 2481, 2481, 2483, 2483, 2486, 2637, 2649, 2668, 2718, 4140, 4144, 4144, 4145, 4146, 4147, 4148, 4149, 4149, 4149, 4150, 4150, 4151, 4151, 4151, 4156, 4156, 4156, 4156, 4156, 4156, 4156, 4157, 4157, 4157, 4158, 4160, 4161, 4161, 4161, 4161, 4161, 4161, 4165, 4165, 4169.
- Map, Walter, historian
- 444.
- Mapai Party, Israel
- 3857, 3859.
- Mapiripan
- 3590.
- Mapuche Indians
- 570, 899, 899, 1663, 1663, 1663.
- Mar, José de la
- 1670.
- Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese
- 4284, 4286.
- maraboutism, Morocco
- 823, 1375.
- Maracaibo
- 911.
- Marad
- 85.
- Maragha
- 305, 305.
- Maranhão
- 915, 915, 915, 916, 916, 918, 1677.
- Maranhão Company
- 918.
- Marat, Jean Paul, French leader
- 1001.
- Marathas
- 578, 833, 833, 834, 834, 834, 834, 835, 835, 835, 835, 835, 836, 1394, 1394.
- Marathon
- 188.
- Marathus
- 107.
- Maratta
- 871.
- Maravcik, Jozef, Slovakian leader
- 3138.
- Maravi
- 888, 889.
- Marbeau, F., French philanthropist
- 1061.
- Marble Bar, Australia
- 4309.
- Marbury v. Madison, U.S. Supreme Court decision
- 1567.
- Marcel, Etienne, Parisian leader
- 521, 521, 521.
- Marcel, Gabriel, philosopher
- 1815.
- Marcellae
- 432, 440.
- Marcellus, Marcus Claudius, Roman general
- 231, 231, 232, 232, 232.
- Marchand, Jean Baptiste, French diplomat
- 967, 1121, 1123, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1526.
- Marches, the
- 1211, 1212.
- Marchfeld, battle of the
- 485, 540.
- March First Movement, Korea
- 2489, 2489, 2489, 2499.
- March Laws, Hungary
- 1087, 1087.
- Marchlewski, Julian, socialist
- 1269.
- March on Rome, Fascist
- 1945.
- March on Washington
- 2187, 2210.
- March Patent, Denmark
- 1251.
- Marcian, Roman emperor in the East
- 266, 269.
- Marcomanni
- 252, 252, 254, 254.
- Marcomannia
- 254.
- Marcomannic War
- 254, 254, 255.
- Marconi, Guglielmo, inventor
- 990, 1262, 1816, 1840, 1850.
- Marco Polo Bridge Incident, near Beijing
- 2479, 2517.
- Marcos, Ferdinand, Philippine leader
- 2644, 4289, 4291, 4291, 4291, 4291, 4292, 4292, 4292, 4292, 4292, 4292, 4292, 4292, 4293, 4293, 4293, 4293.
- Marcos, Imelda, wife of Ferdinand Marcos
- 4293, 4293, 4293.
- Marcus, Siegfried, inventor
- 990.
- Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor
- 246, 246, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 255, 255, 259.
- Mardam, Jamil, Syrian leader
- 2376.
- Mardawij ibn Ziyar, Ziyarid leader
- 297, 298.
- Mardin
- 307.
- Mardonius, Persian general
- 187, 189, 189.
- Marduk
- 83, 85, 88.
- Marduk-apal-iddina
- See Merodach-Baladan II, king of Babylon and the Chaldeans.
- Marduk-kabit-ahheshu dynasty
- 86.
- Marduk-nadin-ahhe, king of Babylon
- 86.
- Mardus
- 88.
- Mare, Peter de la, English leader
- 513.
- Mareinwerder
- 1974.
- Marengo, battle of
- 746, 1016.
- Maresuke, Nogi, Japanese commander
- 1462.
- Mareth Line
- 2615.
- Marey, E. J., motion picture pioneer
- 990.
- Margai, Milton, Sierra Leonean leader
- 4382.
- Margaret, countess of Salisbury
- 587.
- Margaret, daughter of Charles II of Naples
- 533.
- Margaret, Maid of Norway
- 447.
- Margaret, queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
- 551, 551, 552, 553, 553, 553, 554, 554, 554.
- Margaret, Tudor
- 585.
- Margaret, saint
- 447.
- Margaret of Austria
- 614.
- Margaret of Flanders, wife of Philip, duke of Burgundy
- 521, 595.
- Margaret of Parma, ruler of the Netherlands
- 595, 595.
- Margaret of Provence, wife of Louis IX of France
- 451, 479.
- Margaret of Valois, wife of Henry IV of France
- 598.
- Margaret of York, wife of Charles the Bold
- 524.
- Margarita Island
- 572.
- Margary, Augustus, British interpreter
- 1418.
- Margrethe II, queen of Denmark
- 3047.
- Margus River
- 258.
- Mari
- 84, 84, 85, 85, 100, 101, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102.
- Maria, daughter of Louis I of Hungary and Poland
- 555.
- Maria, daughter of Stephen V of Hungary
- 560.
- Maria, wife of Charles VII of France
- 533.
- Maria, wife of Honorius
- 265.
- Maria I, queen of Portugal
- 727, 730, 731, 917.
- Maria II, queen of Portugal
- 1064, 1064, 1064, 1064.
- Maria Anna, regent and wife of Joseph I
- 730.
- Maria Carolina, wife of Ferdinand I of Naples
- 741.
- Maria Christina, mother of Isabella II
- 1062, 1062.
- Maria da Gloria
- See Maria II, queen of Portugal.
- Maria Galante
- 940.
- Maria Louisa of Bourbon-Parma, duchess of Lucca
- 1066.
- Maria Louisa of Parma, empress of France
- 1066.
- Maria Louisa of Savoy, wife of Philip V of Spain
- 723.
- Mariam, Mengistu Haile, Ethiopian leader
- 2637, 4395, 4396.
- Mariana, Juan de, Spanish historian
- 604.
- Mariana de Jesús, Saint
- 912.
- Mariana Islands (Ladrones)
- 1478, 1768, 2500, 2530, 2530, 2630, 2630, 4283.
- Mariana of Austria, mother of Charles II of Spain
- 718, 719.
- Marian Fathers, religious order
- 778.
- Marianhill Abbey
- 1547.
- Maria of Anjou, queen of Hungary
- 560.
- Maria of Antioch, wife of Manuel I Comnenus
- 502, 503.
- Mariátegui, José Carlos, Peruvian Marxist
- 2260, 2260, 2260.
- Maria Teresa, wife of Louis XIV
- 604, 648.
- Maria Theresa, Holy Roman empress
- 578, 659, 660, 660, 662, 662, 704, 741, 742, 743, 745, 757, 758, 758, 758, 758, 758, 758, 759.
- Marib
- 128.
- Marie, queen of Romania
- 1318.
- Marie, André, French leader
- 2842.
- Marie de France, poet
- 444.
- Mariel boatlift
- 3722, 3725.
- Marie Louise, archduchess of Austria and wife of Napoleon
- 1021, 1031.
- Marienburg
- 460, 460, 1739.
- Marienwerder, fortress
- 458, 460, 550, 781.
- Marignano, battle of
- 597, 607, 625.
- marijuana
- 3413.
- Mariner
- 2641.
- Marines, U.S.
- 1430, 1619, 1697.
- Maring, Hendricus Sneevliet
- 2465, 2465, 2465.
- Marinid dynasty
- 322, 322, 323, 323, 323.
- Marion, Francis, American commander
- 951, 951.
- Mariotte, Edmé, scientist
- 641.
- Maritain, Jacques, philosopher
- 1815.
- Maritime Province, China
- 1417.
- Maritime Province, Russia
- 2488.
- Maritime Provinces, Canada
- 1630, 1632.
- Maritza (Maritsa) River
- 562, 1139, 1139, 1743, 1750.
- Marius, Gaius, Roman consul
- 235, 235, 235, 235, 236, 236, 237, 237.
- Marj Dabiq, battle of
- 320, 792.
- Marj Rahit
- 289.
- Mark, Brandenburg county
- 754.
- Mark, gospel
- 259.
- Marketing Act, South Africa
- 2580.
- Markham, Albert H., polar explorer
- 996.
- Marko, Bela, writer
- 3258.
- Marlborough, 1st duke of, John Churchill, English commander
- 657, 657, 658, 659.
- Marlowe, Christopher, playwright
- 594.
- Mármol, José, writer
- 1657.
- Marmont, Auguste, duke of Ragusa
- 1028.
- Marmousets
- 522.
- Marne River
- 1738, 1738, 1781, 1781, 1781, 1789, 1812, 1812.
- Marneulskiy
- 3308.
- Marnix, Philip, leader of Dutch insurrection
- 595.
- Ma Rong, Chinese scholar
- 156.
- Maronites, Syrian Christians
- 802, 805, 807, 808, 1333, 1335, 2379, 2382, 2383.
- Maroons
- 906.
- Marozia, daughter of Theophylact
- 465, 465, 465.
- Marquesas Islands
- 52, 864, 864, 865, 1476, 1476.
- Marquette, Jacques, French explorer
- 921.
- Márquez, Puente de
- 1658.
- Márquez, José Ignacio de, Latin American leader
- 1672.
- Marquez, Juan, Spanish political philosopher
- 604.
- Marr, William, writer
- 1235.
- Marrakah
- 476.
- Marrakesh
- 321, 322, 322, 822, 822, 823, 823, 1378.
- Marranos
- 525.
- marriage
- 469, 563, 563, 3880, 4145; Islam, 286; early Christianity, 401; Western Europe, 511; France, 1018; divorce, 1018, 1157, 1193, 1841, 1851, 1868, 1878, 2068, 2320, 2343, 2701, 2811, 2836, 2899, 2917, 2940, 3047, 3065, 3154, 3224, 3618; Portugal, 1207; Italy, 1211, 2933; U.S., 2214; polygamy, 2327, 2347; civil, 2328; China, 2464, 2470, 4164; divorce and childcare, 2702; same-sex, 2834, 3050, 3050, 3439, 3441, 3460; Switzerland, 2975; West Germany, 2994; Sweden, 3065; Israel, 3858; Iraq, 3880. See women.
- Marriage of Mercury and Philosophy
- 260.
- Married Women's Property Act, England
- 1159.
- Marroquín, José Manuel, Latin American leader
- 1673, 1674.
- Marrucini
- 222.
- Mars
- 220, 1148.
- Marsa al-Kabir
- 323.
- Marsaglia, battle of
- 654.
- Marsala
- 1212.
- Marsa Matruh
- 1750, 2612.
- Marsden, Samuel, British missionary
- 1500.
- Marseilles, Marssalia
- 110, 177, 507, 602, 715, 813, 1006, 1068, 1188, 1387, 2134, 2619.
- Marsh, archbishop of Dublin
- 699.
- Marshal, William, 1st earl of Pembroke
- 445, 448.
- Marshall, Donald, conviction overturned
- 3456.
- Marshall, George, U.S. leader
- 2706, 3391, 3393.
- Marshall, John, U.S. leader
- 1565, 1566, 1567, 1574.
- Marshall, Thurgood, U.S. jurist
- 3414, 3417.
- Marshall Field's, Chicago
- 1589.
- Marshall Islands
- 864, 1477, 1477, 1768, 2500, 2530, 2533, 2630, 3398, 4283, 4283, 4284, 4287.
- Marshall Plan
- 2637, 2640, 2647, 2700, 2700, 2706, 2710, 2761, 2763, 2890, 2927, 2987, 3092, 3122, 3262, 3391, 3392.
- Marsh brothers, developers of chilled plow
- 987.
- Marsi
- 222.
- Marsiglio of Padua, scholar
- 531, 540.
- Marston Moor, battle of
- 592.
- Martaban
- 844, 844, 844, 846, 1402.
- Martel, Damien de, French leader
- 2376.
- Martens, Wilfried, Belgian leader
- 2823.
- Martí, Agustín Farabundo, El Salvadorian Communist
- 2280, 2281.
- Martí, José, Cuban leader
- 1693.
- Martial, Marcus Valerius Martialis
- 246.
- Martian Emperor
- See Wudi, Chinese emperor.
- Martianus Capella, Latin scholar
- 260, 408.
- Martin I, king of Aragon
- 526, 526.
- Martin I, pope
- 408.
- Martin IV, pope
- 452.
- Martin V, pope
- 531, 531.
- Martin, Paul, Canadian leader
- 3458.
- Martin, W. A. P., missionary in China
- 1417.
- Martin brothers, developers of open-hearth process of steelmaking
- 984.
- Martín de Porres, Saint
- 912.
- Martin du Gard, Roger, writer
- 1913.
- Martine, Simone, artist
- 533.
- Martines, Lauro, historian
- 536.
- Martinet, Jean, French soldier
- 712.
- Martínez, Maximiliano Hernández, El Salvadorian leader
- 2280, 2281.
- Martínez, Tomás, Latin American leader
- 1683.
- Martínez, Vicente, Guatemalan leader
- 2274.
- Martínez de Rozas, Juan, Latin American leader
- 1648.
- Martinique
- 648, 940, 940.
- Martinitz, Jaroslav, governor of Prague
- 617.
- Martino, Gaetano, Italian leader
- 2717.
- Martin of Tours, St., monastic leader
- 268, 401.
- Martinuzzi, George, cardinal
- 635.
- Martyropolis
- 275.
- Ma‘ruf al-Rusafi, poet
- 2407.
- Marwan I, Umayyad caliph
- 290.
- Marwan II, Umayyad caliph
- 291, 291.
- Marwanid dynasty
- 290, 300.
- Marwar
- 834.
- Marx, Karl, political philosopher
- 959, 1035, 1050, 1095, 1143, 1143, 1143, 1144, 1144, 1424, 1703.
- Marx, Wilhelm, German leader
- 1980, 1980.
- Marxism
- 1143, 1143, 1143, 1703, 2201, 2644, 3301; in Italy, 1220; in Germany, 1234; in Russia, 1262; and historiography, 1415; Latin America, 2260; Mexico, 2297, 3701; Middle East, 2344; China, 2464; Japan, 2520; Portugal, 2919; and genetics, 3263; Africa, 4324.
- Marxist Reconstructed Communist Party, Italy
- 2950.
- Marxist Research Society, China
- 2463.
- Mary, duchess of Suffolk
- 587.
- Mary, queen of Scots
- 588, 588, 588, 588, 589, 598, 603.
- Mary, wife of Louis II of Hungary
- 635.
- Mary I, the Catholic
- 585, 587, 587, 587, 587, 588, 589, 602.
- Mary II, queen of England
- 668, 676, 678, 678.
- Mar Yabalaha, patriarch
- 375.
- Maryland
- 929, 929, 930, 935, 937, 937, 937, 937, 940, 940, 952, 1612, 3415, 3424, 3437, 3876; in the Civil War, 1587.
- Mary McDowell, U.S. reformer
- 1613.
- Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold
- 524, 542, 595.
- Mary of France, wife of Louis XII of France
- 597.
- Mary of Portugal, wife of Philip II of Spain
- 602.
- Mary Stuart
- See Mary, queen of Scots.
- Mary Tudor
- See Mary of France, wife of Louis XII of France.
- Masaccio, artist
- 536.
- Masai people
- 38, 1533.
- Masamune, Date, Japanese daimyo
- 859.
- Masan
- 1435.
- Masaniello, Tommaso Aniello, leader of Neapolitan revolt
- 612.
- Masaryk, Thomas Garrigue, Czech leader
- 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2017, 2019, 2020.
- Masaryky, Jan, Czech leader
- 3123.
- Masatake, Terauchi, Japanese leader
- 1436, 2463, 2488, 2488, 2488, 2489, 2496, 2498.
- Masatoshi, Hotta, Japanese official
- 860, 860.
- Masayoshi, Matsukata
- 1456, 1458.
- Maseru, Lesotho
- 4473.
- Mashhad
- 307, 813, 816, 817, 817.
- Mashonaland
- 364, 1548.
- Masina
- 1506, 1510, 1510, 1510.
- Masire, Quett, Botswanan leader
- 4458, 4458.
- Masire, Ketumile
- 4453.
- Masjid-i Shah, Tehran
- 1349.
- Maskhadou, Aslan, Chechen leader
- 3368.
- Mason and Dixon Line, between Maryland and Pennsylvania
- 935.
- Masovia
- 486.
- Massachusetts, U.S. state
- 926, 933, 933, 933, 934, 940, 940, 941, 942, 943, 943, 944, 952, 985, 1594, 1619, 2197; dialect, 933.
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- 926, 926, 927, 927, 933, 933, 933.
- Massachusetts Government Act, England
- 944.
- Massacre of Glencoe
- 680.
- Massacre of St. Bartholomew
- 598.
- Massalia, Marseilles
- 177, 185.
- Massambe-Débat, Alphonse, Congolese leader
- 4446, 4446.
- Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoags
- 933.
- Massassi people
- 871.
- Massawa, Red Sea port
- 795, 879, 880, 1369, 1523.
- Massays, Quentin, Dutch artist
- 596.
- Masséna, André, French commander
- 1011, 1028.
- Massera, Emilio, Argentine leader
- 3496.
- Massey, Vincent, Canadian diplomat and leader
- 2224, 3445.
|
