- Macta River, Battle of the
- 1382.
- Madagascar
- 350, 366, 366, 713, 890, 892, 892, 892, 892, 953, 954, 1128, 1561, 1561, 2581, 2627, 3919, 4492, 4492, 4492, 4492; annexation by France, 1562; WWI, 2581; Great Depression, 2581; WWII, 4492; independence, 4492.
- Madariaga, Salvador de, writer
- 2895.
- Madeira
- 572, 605.
- Madeira Islands
- 281, 281, 2025.
- Madero, Francisco I., Mexican leader
- 1619, 1692, 2290, 2290, 2291, 2291, 2292, 2292.
- Madhava, theologian
- 337.
- Madhyamika Sutra
- 130.
- Madikizela-Mandela, Winnie, wife of Nelson Mandela
- 4487.
- Madioen, Java
- 4121.
- Madison, James, U.S. president
- 1565, 1570, 1571, 1571.
- Madjapahit
- 339, 339, 339, 339.
- Madl, Ferenc, Hungarian leader
- 3163.
- Madras, India
- 133, 326, 326, 327, 833, 834, 835, 835, 836, 1394, 1396, 1396, 1398, 1399, 1795, 2437.
- Madrasa al-Nizamiyya, Baghdad
- 301.
- Madras Mahajana Sabha, Indian association
- 1398.
- Madras University High School, India
- 1394.
- Madrid
- 601, 602, 602, 607, 658, 719, 719, 720, 720, 724, 726, 728, 1027, 1028, 1062, 1199, 1204, 1376, 1418, 1928, 1929, 1929, 1929, 1930, 1930, 1932, 1932, 1932, 2076, 2679, 2894, 2899, 2903, 2924; treaty of, 602, 607, 731, 906, 916; Peace of, 614; conference of International Telecommunication Union, 1698; peace conference, 3783.
- Madrid, University of
- 1923.
- Madsen-Mygdal, Thomas, Danish leader
- 2040.
- Ma Duanlin, encyclopedist
- 373.
- Madura
- 326, 332, 332, 338, 4119.
- Madurai
- 326, 831.
- Maecenas, Caius, Roman leader
- 239.
- Maesa, Julia, mother of Elagabalus
- 255.
- Maesolia
- 133.
- Maestricht
- 595.
- Mafia, Sicilian criminal organization
- 1948, 2945, 2945, 2946, 2946, 2947.
- Mafra Palace, Lisbon
- 728.
- Maga, Hubert, Dahomean leader
- 4329.
- Magadha, Bihar
- 129, 129, 129, 131, 324.
- Magalat, rebellion of
- 867.
- Magalhaes, Fernao de
- See Ferdinand ~Magellan, Portuguese explorer.
- Magaña, Alvaro, Salvadoran leader
- 3669.
- Magdalena River
- 573, 897.
- Magdeburg
- 416, 620, 752, 2112.
- Magdeburg law
- 484, 487.
- Magee, Paul “Dingus”, IRA gunman
- 2813.
- Magellan, Ferdinand, Portuguese explorer
- 281, 574, 605, 865, 867.
- Magendie, François, anatomist
- 1042.
- Magenta, battle of
- 1211.
- Maghrib
- 321, 323, 323, 323, 353, 2421.
- Maghrib Unity Party, Spanish Morocco
- 3919.
- Magi
- 121, 123.
- Magindanao
- 867, 867, 867, 1480.
- Maginot Line
- 1824, 1913.
- Magliore, Paul, Haitian leader
- 3745, 3745, 3745.
- Magna Carta
- 445, 445, 446.
- Magna Graecia
- 184, 184, 184, 200, 222, 223, 227.
- Magnentius, Magnus, pretender to the Roman throne
- 262, 262.
- Magnesia
- 190, 214, 217.
- Magnesia River
- 114.
- magnetic compass
- 281.
- magnetism
- 638.
- Magnitogors
- 2072.
- Magnus I Ladulos, king of Sweden
- 463, 463.
- Magnus II, Smek
- 552, 552.
- Magnus VII, king of Norway (and Sweden as Magnus II)
- 553.
- Magnussaon, Skuli, Icelandic leader
- 774.
- Magnusson, Jarl Birger, Swedish leader
- 463, 463, 489.
- Stephensen, Magnus, Icelandic publisher
- 775.
- Magón, Ricardo Flores, Mexican leader
- 1692.
- Mago of Carthage
- 110.
- Magoon, Charles, governor of Cuba
- 1693.
- Magsaysay, Ramon, Philippine leader
- 4291, 4291, 4291, 4291.
- Maguire Seven
- 2812.
- Magyan, Ladislus, explorer
- 1508.
- Magyars
- 412, 412, 415, 415, 415, 415, 415, 416, 416, 440, 440, 441, 465, 491, 561, 635, 757, 1073, 1074, 1239, 1239, 1244, 1246, 2127.
- Mahabharata
- 129.
- Mahabhashya, Great Commentary
- 129.
- Mahadaji Sindhia, Maratha leader
- 836.
- Mahakutesvara
- 326.
- Mahan
- 160, 161.
- Mahanaman, Buddhaghosha of Magadha
- 134.
- Mahaniddesa
- 134.
- Maharashtra
- 133, 133, 326, 331, 332, 1397, 3977.
- Mahasanghikas
- 129.
- Maha Thammarcha, king of Siam
- 847.
- Mahathir bin Mohamad, Malaysian leader
- 4047, 4113, 4114, 4114.
- Mahavihara, Great Monastery
- 134.
- Mahavira, Vardhamana, the Jina
- 129.
- Mahayana (Great Vehicle) Buddhism
- 78, 130, 131, 340.
- Mahdavi heresy
- 832.
- Mahdi, Islamic redeemer
- 289, 292, 296, 832, 1524, 1524.
- Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abdallah
- 963, 1372, 1506, 1524.
- Mahdists
- 1524, 1524, 1524, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1527.
- Mahd-i Ulya, wife of Muhammad Shah
- 813.
- Mahdiyya
- 322, 322.
- Mahé
- 835.
- Mahendravarman I, ruler of India
- 326.
- Maheswaran, Kadirkaman Uma, rebel leader
- 4042.
- Mahfouz, Naguib, writer
- 2684.
- Mahiva, Mahiwa
- 1768, 2565.
- Mahmud I, Ottoman sultan
- 807, 807.
- Mahmud I, Begarha
- 334.
- Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan
- 811, 1328, 1328, 1328, 1331, 1331, 1331.
- Mahmud al-Barzinji, Kurdish sheik
- 2400.
- Mahmud Bey, ruler of Tunisia
- 1385, 1385, 1385.
- Nuqrashi, Mahmud Fahmi al-, Egyptian leader
- 2354, 2367, 3902.
- Mahmud Gavan, Indian leader
- 334.
- Mahmud ibn Ayad, Tunisian official
- 1387.
- Mahmudiyya Canal
- 1366, 1367.
- Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid leader
- 296, 300, 300, 325, 331, 334, 819.
- Mahmud Salman, Iraqi leader
- 2406.
- Mahmud Sami al-Barudi, Egyptian official
- 1372.
- Mahmud Shah, ruler of Afghanistan
- 1354, 1354, 1354.
- Mahmud Syah, Malacca sultan
- 837, 837.
- Mahmud Tarzi, journalist
- 1357.
- Mahuad Witt, Jamil, Ecuadorian leader
- 3572, 3572, 3573, 3574, 3574.
- Maidalchini, Olympia
- 736.
- Maid of Orléans
- See Joan of Arc.
- Maikop
- 2595.
- Maiman, Theodore N., physicist
- 1734.
- Maimonides, Moses ben Maimon
- 283, 318, 319, 479.
- Ma'in
- 125, 126, 128, 128.
- Mainassara, Ibrahim Bare, Niger leader
- 4327, 4365.
- Maine, French region
- 597.
- Maine, U.S. state
- 1572, 1574, 1580, 1609, 1624, 1693, 2206.
- Main River
- 251, 402, 404, 405, 1102.
- Maintenon, marquise de, Françoise d'Aubigné, wife of Louis XIV
- 714.
- Mainz
- 252, 407, 455, 459, 505, 541, 620, 622, 643, 753, 1005, 1096, 1102.
- Maipú, battle of
- 1648.
- Maison, Nicolas J., French commander
- 1276.
- Maisonneuve, Paul de, French explorer
- 921.
- Maistre, Joseph de, philosopher
- 1035, 1035.
- Maitraka
- 325.
- Maitraka dynasty
- 325.
- Maitreya
- 158.
- Maiwandwal, Muhammad Hashim, Afghan leader
- 3832.
- Majano, Adolfo, Salvadoran leader
- 3666.
- Majapahit
- See Madjapahit.
- Maji Maji
- 1506, 1534.
- Majko, Pandeli, Albanian leader
- 3206, 3206.
- Majlis, Iran
- 1352, 1352, 1352, 1352, 1353, 2338, 2339, 3814, 3815.
- Majlis, Tunisia
- 1389.
- Major, John, British leader
- 2758, 2795, 2796, 2797, 2797, 2797, 2799, 2800, 2813.
- Majorca
- 477, 601, 605, 1930.
- Majorian, Roman emperor in the west
- 269.
- Majorianus
- See Majorian, Roman emperor in the west.
- Majuba Hill
- 1162, 1555.
- Makah Indians
- 33.
- Makallé, Italian fortress in Ethiopia
- 1222.
- Makape cult
- 2572.
- Makarezos, colonel, Greek leader
- 3223.
- Makarios III, archbishop and leader of Cyprus
- 3806, 3807, 3808, 3809, 3809, 3809, 3809, 3810.
- Makassar
- 837, 837, 840.
- Makerere
- 2566.
- Makerere University
- 4408.
- Makhkamov, Kakhar, Tajik leader
- 3372, 3373.
- Makino, Nobuaki
- 1784.
- Makram Ubayd, Egyptian leader
- 2354, 2369.
- Maktum, Sheik, ruler of Dubayy
- 3899.
- Makwar (Senaar) Dam, Egypt
- 2357.
- Malabar
- 337, 2435.
- Malacca
- 281, 282, 339, 339, 376, 575, 837, 837, 837, 837, 837, 837, 838, 840, 841, 867, 1410, 1410, 1410, 1410, 1410, 1411, 1412; straits of _Malacca, 338, 339.
- Malaga
- 1930.
- Malagasy people
- 1561, 1562.
- Malagasy Republic
- See Madagascar.
- Malaguetta coast
- 358.
- Malaita
- 2530.
- Malaiyur, Malay Peninsula
- 336.
- Malak Hifni Nasif, writer on women's issues
- 2351.
- Malamir, Bulgarian ruler
- 440.
- Malan, D. F., South African leader
- 2579, 4470.
- malaria
- 1515.
- Malary, Guy, Haitian leader
- 3752.
- Malater, Pal, Hungarian leader
- 3149.
- Malatesta, Enrico, Italian anarchist
- 1225.
- Malatya
- 311.
- Malaviya, Madan, educator
- 2432.
- Malawi
- 2661, 2697, 4438, 4457, 4459, 4459, 4459, 4459, 4459, 4459, 4459, 4459, 4459, 4460, 4460, 4461, 4465; independence, 4410, 4459.
- Malawi Congress Party, MCP
- 4456, 4459.
- Malaya
- 132, 329, 339, 596, 837, 837, 837, 837, 837, 838, 839, 840, 840, 840, 841, 1410, 1411, 2211, 2455, 2521, 2550, 2637, 4096, 4104, 4104, 4104, 4105, 4105, 4106, 4106, 4106, 4106, 4106; insurrections in, 1411; between Wars, 2455, 2455; makeup, 2455, 2455; and Great Britain, 2455, 2455, 2636, 4104, 4104, 4104, 4105; Great Depression, 2455; WWII, 2455, 2455, 2455, 2523, 2606, 2609, 2626, 2627; Federation of Malaya, 4104. See Malay Peninsula.
- Malay Alliance
- 4111.
- Malay (Malayan) Archipelago
- 135, 329, 339, 1412.
- Malay Associations
- 2455.
- Malay Peninsula
- 329, 339, 339, 342, 837, 837, 2626.
- Malay peoples
- 135, 135, 136, 329, 339.
- Malaysia
- 294, 837, 840, 840, 3409, 3413, 4047, 4047, 4070, 4104, 4106, 4106, 4106, 4106, 4107, 4107, 4107, 4107, 4108, 4108, 4109, 4109, 4110, 4110, 4111, 4111, 4112, 4114, 4114, 4130, 4131, 4133, 4291, 4302, 4320; and Africa, 890; between Wars, 2453; Great Depression, 2453; and Great Britain, 2636, 4104, 4114; economy, 4047, 4113, 4113, 4113; makeup, 4104, 4104; Federation of, 4106.
- Malay states
- 339, 339.
- Malay States
- 1408, 1411, 1411, 1411, 1411, 4104.
- Malchus, Carthaginian leader
- 110, 185.
- Malcolm II, king of Scotland
- 424.
- Malcolm X, Black Muslim leader
- 2662, 3411, 3413.
- Maldives
- 2636, 3950, 4040, 4040, 4040, 4042, 4042, 4042, 4043, 4043, 4044; and Great Britain, 4040, 4040; independence, 4040; Republic, 4041.
- Malenkov, G. M., Russian leader
- 3267, 3269, 3271, 3278.
- Malgal
- 378.
- Mali
- 44, 281, 344, 351, 351, 353, 353, 353, 353, 355, 356, 356, 356, 357, 358, 359, 823, 870, 870, 1511, 4325, 4325, 4325, 4327, 4330, 4360, 4361, 4361; Federation, 4325, 4361, 4377, 4377; independence, 4361; student unrest, 4361, 4362, 4362. See French Sudan.
- Malietoa Talavou, king of Samoa
- 1477.
- Malik, Jacob A., Russian leader
- 4195.
- Malika Safiya, Cairo mosque
- 800.
- Malik Danishmend, Danishmendid leader
- 301.
- Maliki, school of Islamic law
- 293, 293, 300, 321, 321, 322, 323.
- Malik ibn Anas, legal scholar
- 293.
- Malik Sarvar, ruler of India
- 333.
- Malik Shah, Seljuk ruler
- 301, 301, 501, 505, 507.
- Malindi
- 882, 1529.
- Malinke
- 353, 358, 870, 1510.
- Malinke River
- 1511.
- Malinov, Alexander, Bulgarian leader
- 1306, 2166.
- Malinovsky, Rodion Y., Russian leader
- 3271.
- Malkhed
- 327.
- Mallia
- 169, 207.
- Malloum, Félix, Chadian leader
- 4336.
- Malmaison, battle of
- 1801.
- Malmédy
- 1882; ceded to Belgium, 1784; battle of, 1789.
- Malmö
- 1075, 1097, 2036, 3051, 3053, 3069.
- malnutrition
- 1142.
- Malofeyev, Antoly, Belorussian leader
- 3315.
- Malolos Constitution, Philippines
- 1483.
- Malory, Thomas
- 516.
- Malpighi, Marcello, Italian anatomist
- 640, 640.
- Malplaquet, battle of
- 659.
- Malraux, André, writer
- 1903.
- Malta
- 296, 796, 827, 1010, 1018, 1032, 1032, 1389, 1393, 2636, 2736, 2756, 2967, 2967, 2967, 2967, 2967, 2968, 2968, 2969, 2969, 3139, 3244, 3259, 3350, 3357; monarchical state, 2967; Republic, 2968; neutrality, 2968.
- Malta Labour Party
- 2967.
- Malthus, Thomas, English economist
- 645, 645, 692, 1035, 1046, 1048.
- Malthusianism
- 4165.
- Maluku
- 837, 843, 843, 843, 843, 843.
- Malvinas Islands
- See Falkland Islands.
- Malvy, Louis Jean, French leader
- 1901.
- Malwa
- 129, 129, 130, 131, 132, 132, 133, 327, 332, 333, 333, 830, 831.
- Malyan
- See Anshan.
- Mamadou, Tandja, Niger leader
- 4366.
- Mamaea, Julia, sister of Julia Maesa
- 255, 255.
- Mamalla
- 326.
- Mamallapuram
- 326.
- Mamane, Oumarou, Niger leader
- 4365, 4365.
- Mambanos
- See Nahapana, Saka satrap.
- Mamdou Dia, Senegalese leader
- 4377, 4378.
- Mamertines
- 220, 220, 227, 230.
- Mamluks
- 281, 299, 305, 306, 315, 317, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 319, 320, 320, 320, 320, 320, 320, 320, 320, 360, 360, 474, 792, 792, 792, 793, 794, 802, 805, 808, 809, 809, 810, 810, 811, 1331, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1367; in Egypt, 806.
- Mammeri, Mouloud, writer
- 3933.
- Man
- 426.
- Managua
- 3677, 3677; earthquake, 3676, 3678.
- Mana Motuhake, New Zealand
- 4316.
- Manasseh, king of Judah
- 105.
- Manaus
- 1677.
- Manavalla, ruler of India
- 326.
- Mancheno, Carlos, Ecuadorian leader
- 3567.
- Manchester
- 1159, 1169, 1235.
- Manchukuo
- 2512, 2623, 2624.
- Manchuria
- 155, 156, 160, 160, 160, 160, 160, 161, 278, 369, 372, 376, 377, 378, 852, 968, 969, 971, 972, 972, 974, 1262, 1421, 1422, 1424, 1424, 1435, 1436, 1457, 1462, 1463, 1465, 1465, 1468, 1699, 1720, 1721, 1721, 1833, 2078, 2200, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2469, 2472, 2473, 2473, 2477, 2485, 2486, 2486, 2488, 2490, 2493, 2493, 2496, 2508, 2511, 2519, 2520, 2523, 2631, 2632, 2634, 2634, 4140, 4140, 4141, 4141, 4142, 4146, 4190, 4194; Manchurian Incident, 2473, 2479, 2507, 2511.
- Manchus
- 372, 576, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 853, 853, 854, 854, 856, 1415, 1417, 1417, 1419, 1423, 1424, 1424, 1424, 1424, 1424, 1425, 1429; invasion of Korea, 856; dynasty restored, 2462.
- Manco, Inca ruler
- 898, 898, 899.
- Mandalay
- 1402, 1402, 1403, 2627.
- Mandal Commission Report, India
- 3977.
- Mandalization
- 3977, 3983.
- Mandasor
- 324.
- mandate of heaven
- 138.
- mandates
- 1706, 1818.
- Mande Bory, leader of Mali
- 353.
- Mandela, Nelson R., South African leader
- 2686, 2689, 2694, 2694, 2696, 2963, 4320, 4410, 4414, 4414, 4470, 4471, 4477, 4477, 4481, 4482, 4483, 4486, 4487, 4487, 4488.
- Mandinka
- 4343.
- Mandor
- 325.
- Mandu
- 333, 830, 831.
- Mandu Ladino, rebel leader
- 916.
- Mane, Ansumane, Guinea-Bissau leader
- 4351, 4351, 4352.
- Manekshaw, Sam, Indian leader
- 3971, 4003.
- Manet, Edouard, artist
- 1146.
- Manetho, Egyptian historian
- 90, 91.
- Manfred, king of Two Sicilies
- 459, 459, 459, 459, 534.
- Mangal tribe, Afghanistan
- 2347.
- Mangin, Charles, French commander
- 1800.
- Mangope, Lucas, South African leader
- 4483.
- Mangrai, king of Siam
- 342.
- Manhattan Island
- 596, 932; Dutch post at, 932.
- Mani, founder of Manichaeism
- 271, 272, 272.
- Maniakes, Georgios, Byzantine general
- 498, 498, 499, 499.
- Manichaeism
- 271, 272, 273, 279, 368, 401, 401.
- Manicheans
- 368, 369.
- Ma‘nid, Lebanese family
- 798, 801, 805.
- manifest destiny
- 1577.
- Manigat, Leslie
- 3749.
- Manikka Vasagar, poet
- 326.
- Manila
- 867, 867, 867, 867, 867, 868, 906, 1480, 1480, 1482, 1609, 2536, 2627, 2683, 2959, 3413, 4131, 4264, 4289, 4289.
- Manila Bay
- 1482, 2627.
- Manila Conference
- 4268.
- Manila Pact
- See Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
- Manin, Daniele, Italian leader
- 1092, 1093, 1211.
- Manipur
- 1402, 3976.
- Manisa, Magnesia
- 306.
- Manishtushu, son of Sargon I (the Great)
- 84.
- Manitoba
- 1623, 2226, 2227, 3456.
- Manitoba Act, Canada
- 1630.
- Manitski, Jaan, Estonian leader
- 3321.
- Maniu, Julius, Romanian leader
- 2174, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2180, 2180, 2183, 3246.
- Manjusri, bodhisattva
- 130, 852.
- Manley, Michael, Jamaican leader
- 3762, 3763.
- Manlius Torquatus, Titus, Roman dictator
- 226.
- Mann, Thomas, writer
- 1146, 1974.
- Mann-Elkins Act, U.S.
- 1614.
- Mannerheim, Karl Gustav
- 2053, 2053, 2059, 3071.
- Mannerheim Line
- 2583.
- Mannes, Leopold, developer of color film
- 990.
- Mannheim
- 622.
- Mannock, Edward, British pilot
- 1766.
- Mano Blanca, Guatemala
- 3652.
- Manoel (Manuel) I, the Great
- 605, 605, 605, 914.
- Manoel (Manuel) II, king of Portugal
- 605, 1208.
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