Index_P

P

Pareto diagram, 24 “25, 51

Part number control, 292

p charts

advantages and disadvantages of, 155

constructing of

control limits, 158 “159, 162

plotting of proportions , 158

process center line, 156 “157, 159

process control analysis, 159 “161

proportion of nonconforming parts , 156

sample plan, 156

standard deviation calculations, 157 “158

variation, 162

vertical scale, 158

process control, 159 “161

Plan-do-study-act model, 7

Platykurtic, 95

Poisson distribution, 412

Pooling, 42

p plot point, 289

Precision error, 330

Precision of measurement systems, 322 “323, 327

PRE-control, 207 “210

Probability distributions

description of, 78

types of, 78

Probability plotting, 82

Problem solving

assumptions for, 44 ”45

barriers to, 47 “48

continual nature of, 44

global, 43 “44

overview of, 17

steps involved in, 45 “46

teamwork approach

concept of, 17 “18

discipline necessary for, 17

employee role and responsibilities, 18

tools and techniques for

activity streamlining, 33

affinity diagrams, 22 “24

analysis of variance, 40

benchmarking, 37 “40

brainstorming, 18 “20

cause and effect diagrams, 20 “22

cost of quality, 30

could cost, 34

design of experiments, 46 “47

five whys, 35 “36

force field analysis, 35, 37

input-output analysis, 27 “29

nominal group technique, 29

Pareto diagram, 24 “25

product nonconformance reduction, 30 “31

quality function deployment, 29 “30

regression analysis, 46

reliability and maintainability, 34 “35

time management, 31 “32

value engineering, 34

work flow analysis, 25 “27

Process

in-control, 99 “103, 128

out-of-control , 102 “104

questions for analyzing, 123

stability of, 299

statistical control of, 99 “101

trending of, 307 “315

variation of, 127 “128

Process capability

analysis of

data collection sheet, 460

exponential distribution for, 305 “307

non-normal distribution for, 300 “305

sheet for, 461

control charts and specifications, 235

definition of, 231, 235

description of, 104 “105, 107, 128 “129

determining of, 234 “235

illustration of, 318

indices, 253, 257 “261

machine acceptance process, 377 “382

normal distribution, 462

ongoing, 253, 257

overview of, 231 “234

preliminary, 253, 257

process control and, 231 “234

short-run statistical process control, 297

6-sigma, 263 “264

skewed distribution, 463

statistical control and, 234 “235

studies of

control limit method, 236 “243

purpose of, 231

results, 249 “253

trending processes and, 309 “315

Process control

capability and, 231 “234

control chart application to, 104 “105

ideal, 16

ownership role and responsibilities, 122

product control vs., 13

quality characteristics used, 210 “211

requirements for, 101

short-run charts interpreted for, 292

statistical, see Statistical process control

Xbar chart, 136 “137, 141

Process potential study, for machine acceptance process

design characterizations for, 365 “366

distributions, 368, 370

normal probability paper, 366 “372

Process stream effect, 371

Process teams , 14

Product control, 3, 13

Productivity, quality vs., 12

Product nonconformance reduction, 30 “31

P/T ratio, 331 “332, 354