Index_D

D

DaimlerChrysler, 175

Dana (U.S.), 104

Data

analysis approaches, 37–38, 60

distribution, 57–59

statistical confidence in, 60

types, 35

Data collection

developing plan, 16, 34–36, 57, 214

process, 36

Datum flow chain (DFC), 209

DCOV (define, characterize, optimize and verify) model

application process, 170–71

Characterize stage, 156–57

Define stage, 156

DFSS training and, 260–64

DMAIC and, 11, 235

feature configurations, 167–69

functional mapping, 157

inputs/outputs, 156–60

minimum effort required, 154

as new approach, 4

Optimize stage, 157–59

program requirements, 163–67

PSM and, 235

security, 162–63

system design, 156

target values, 169

tool requirements, 162

Verify stage, 159–62

DCOV model tools and methodologies

advanced product quality planning (APQP), 174–81

audit, 214–16

axiomatic designs, 209–10

DMAIC and, 235

DFSS implementation tools, 217–18

function structures, 206–9

ideation, 183–84

Kano model, 182–83

life cycle cost (LCC), 204

maintainability, 199–202

production part approval process (PPAP), 181–82

PSM and, 235

quality function deployment, 184–90

reliability factors, 205–6

robustness and reliability, 191–95

statistical tolerancing, 211

statistics, modeling, and simulation, 190

survey, 212–14

system effectiveness, 203

systems thinking, 174

DEC, 49

Decision theory, 145–46

Deductive structures, 142–45

Defect

defined, 95

examples, 95

part, 108, 109

Defective product, 109

Defects per million opportunity (DPMO)

defined, 14, 22

in improvement validation, 39

sigma metric and, 241

six sigma requirement, 2

Defects per opportunity (DPO), 13, 22

Defects per unit (DPU) formula, 22

Degrees of freedom, 209

Deliverables, 160–61

Deming's philosophy, 16–17, 18

Density function, 205, 206

Dependability, 203

Design

for no failures, 115

success principles, 155

Design of experiments (DOE)

DCOV model and, 157, 211

FMEA and, 113, 122, 123

in Improve stage, 38–39

in repair planning, 107

Design specifications, 107

Design verification

methods (DVMs), 162

process (DVP), 161–71, 198

specification (DVS), 162, 164, 169, 170

Detection

of defects, 92

devices, 92

Development of a product, 184

DFA, 158

DFM, 158

DFSS (design for six sigma)

DMAIC model and, 260

goal of, 154

improvement method, 153

overall assessment, 159

recent approach, 4

training, 260–64

See also DCOV model tools and methodologies

Disloyalty, 228

Dissatisfaction, 25

Distribution

probability density functions, 206

reference, 61

variation and, 60

DMAIC model, 2, 11

Analyze stage, 37–38

Control stage, 40–42

Define stage, 31–34

DFSS model and, 260

Improve stage, 38–39

Measure stage, 34–36

systematic approach of, 103

tools and deliverables chart, 41–43

See also Benchmarking; Cost of quality; Measurement systems analysis; Poka-yoke; Project management; Statistical process control; Statistics; Team

Documentation, 244

Downstream operation, 107

Downtime, 106, 203

DuPont, 5