Notes

1. See, for example, Ross, Beath, and Goodhue (1994), Ross, Beath, and Goodhue (1996). The comparative study, a joint research project between the MIT Center for Information Systems Research (CISR) and the Centre for Research in Information Management (CRIM) at London Business School, led by Michael Earl, examines similarities and differences in IT management in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Japan.

2. Handy 1990.

3. Applegate and Wishart 1989, Simons 1991.

4. Deutsch and McCarthy 1994.

5. Short and Venkatraman 1988.

6. The Computer Industry 1993.

7. Ross, Beath, and Goodhue 1996.

8. Earl and Feeny 1994.

9. Weill, Broadbent, and St. Clair 1994.

10. Earl 1996.

11. Henderson 1990.

12. Handy 1990.

13. Hodgkinson 1996.

14. Earl, Edwards, and Feeny 1996.

15. Rockart 1988, Boynton, Jacobs, and Zmud 1992.

16. Leavitt 1965.

17. Rockart and Scott Morton 1984.