Index_C

C

cache files, as Internet monitoring tool, 144

Cambridge University Computer Laboratory, 111

cameras, surveillance

advances in miniaturization and capabilities, 119

prevalence in England, 92, 116

prevalence in the United States, 117–118

use by corporations, 118

voyeuristic uses of, 119–121

Canady, Representative Charles, 256

cellular telephones

and development of m-commerce, 194–195

and E-911 requirements, 196–197

and wiretapping requirements, 197

as a location tool, 195–198

industry growth, 193

privacy implications of, 194–198

use by law enforcement of location information, 197–198

Census Bureau

1890 tabulation crisis, 89

implementation of punch card technology, 89–90

City of North Miami v. Kurtz, 234–235

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 17, 165, 243–244, 263

Clinton, Senator Hillary, 99, 252

Clinton, President William J., 94, 96, 179, 198, 200, 252

Colatosti, Tom (Viisage CEO), 75

Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), 179

Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), 197

computer files

common types, 131

storage options, 133–134

tools and techniques for searching, 130–132

computer forensics

destruction software, 136

durability of computer files, 132–136

legality of searches, 136–138

recovery software, 136

computer games

impact on productivity, 15

surveillance software, 15

Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC), 96

court records, as part of background checks, 36–37

credit cards

origins of, 189–190

privacy implications of, 190

credit reports

as part of background checks, 37–38

criminal records

and background checks, 33–35

and denial of employment, 35

cost of checking, 34

Current Tax Payment Act, 88

cyberterrorism, 19–20