- Adjustment layer:
Layer that behaves like a layer, but is really a customized filter or lens through which you can view your image.
- Anti-aliased:
Soft-edged rather than jagged edges.
- Aspect ratio:
The ratio of an image's height to width.
- Brightness (or Lightness):
Intensity value of an image, which is described in terms of any hue to black or to white.
- Burning:
Adding light to specific areas in a photograph. In Photoshop, the Burn tool allows you to lighten portions of an image.
- Chromatic aberration:
A digital image flaw caused by a processing error in the digital camera where one or more of the three color channels don't align properly. The result is a cyan, yellow, red, blue, or green edge. Also known as fringing.
- Color cast:
Unnatural color veil that hides the natural color of an image.
- Dodging:
Controlling the exposure in photographic printing by reducing the amount of light reaching specific areas of the paper. In Photoshop, the Dodge tool allows you to darken portions of an image.
- EPS (Encapsulated PostScript):
File format that allows vector and raster information to be saved together.
- Flat:
A description of a photo with a low-contrast scene containing all the tones of the original. This occurs when the image contains no true whites, or highlights, and black, or shadows; everything is simply a tone of gray.
- Fringing:
A digital image flaw caused by a processing error in the digital camera where one or more of the three color channels don't align properly. The result is a cyan, yellow, red, blue, or green edge. Also known as chromatic aberration.
- Gamma:
Relationship between the brightness of a pixel and the numerical value of that pixel. Affects the brightness and color saturation of images.
- GIF (Graphics Interchange Format):
A graphic file format designed to record images with flat color, such as logos, line art, screen shots, and cartoons, where there are long horizontal runs of a single color.
- Guides:
Horizontal or vertical lines that appear over an image onscreen.
- High-contrast:
Condition that occurs when a scene has many more tones than can be reproduced by film or an image card.
- Histogram:
A graphic of the pixels in an image or color channel which represents the total tonal range of an image.
- Hue:
Color spectrum value of an image, which is described in terms of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, violet, and magenta.
- Image manipulation/alteration:
Process of editing pixels in an image to reach a desired result.
- Importing:
Process of bringing in a file from an external source, such as a digital camera, scanner, etc.
- Input levels:
Original intensity values of an image, which are graphed along the horizontal axis of a histogram.
- JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group):
A graphic file format normally assigned to record and compress full-color, continuous-tone images. Color photos, color-rich illustrations, and graphics with subtle gradient and shading effects are the purview of the JPEG.
- Layer mask:
A resolution-dependent grayscale bitmap image, which you can create with the painting and selection tools.
- Lossless compression:
File compression that reduces file size without changing color values and degrading the image.
- Lossy compression:
File compression that changes some of the color values in an image to save disk space. The greater the compression, the more visible the pixel color changes appear; with low amounts, the effect of compression is almost unnoticeable.
- Low-contrast:
Condition that occurs when a scene has fewer tones in it than can be reproduced by film or an image card.
- Luminosity mask:
A grayscale selection that's made up of the light values within an image.
- Mask:
Isolates an area of an image by protecting it from editing.
- Noise:
Condition that occurs when pixels with randomly distributed color levels are added to an image. Can be the result of a digital disturbance that reduces the signal received by a digital camera.
- Normal-contrast:
Condition that occurs when a scene has the same number of tones as can be reproduced by film or an image card.
- Output levels:
Intensity values that are applied when you've made changes to your image, which are graphed along the vertical axis of a histogram.
- Oversaturation:
Condition that occurs when a digital camera's image sensor misreads or becomes overly sensitive to a color, causing the light information to be recorded with fewer gray values and become more saturated.
- Pixelation:
Result of rasterizing a file in Photoshop beyond the maximum resolution of images; stretching image data too far.
- PNG (Portable Network Graphics):
A graphic file format developed as an improved substitute for the GIF format.
- Rasterization:
Method of informing Photoshop how to open files by inputting your desired settings.
- Resample:
To sample existing color in an image and then add or subtract similar color pixels until you reach the desired resolution.
- Saturation:
The strength or purity of a color.
- Sharp:
Description of a photo of a high-contrast scene that doesn't contain all the tones of the original. This occurs when it has too many highlights and shadows.
- Sharp:
Condition that occurs when a photo of a high-contrast scene doesn't contain all the tones of the original image.
- TWAIN:
Driver which allows the scanner and Photoshop to speak the same language and also puts the control over how the scanner performs in your hands.
- Tonal range:
The range between the brightest and darkest values in a scene. When the tonal value of a subject is higher than the range the film or image sensor can handle, the objects appear white, even though they really aren't.
- Uprating:
Shooting at a higher ISO speed than film is designed for, which initially underexposes the film, and then pushing (overexposing) the negatives during the printing process.
- Vector mask:
A resolution-independent vector path, which you can create with the Pen and Shape tools.
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