Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book and Addison-Wesley was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for special sales. For more information, please contact: Corporate, Government, and Special Sales Group Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. One Jacob Way Reading, Massachusetts 01867 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Engel, Joshua, 1970- Programming for the Java virtual machine / Joshua Engel. p. cm. q. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-201-30972-6 (alk. paper) 1. Java (Computer program language) 2. Java virtual machine. I. Title. QA76.73.J38E543 1999 005.6 dc21 99-22853 CIP Copyright © 1999 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada. Text printed on recycled and acid-free paper. 2 3 4 5 6 7 MA 02 01 00 99 Second printing, December 1999 DedicationTo Chris, who helped me think And to Jennifer, my love |