N

\n escape, in regular expressions, 468

NA (Neutral Apartment), 390

NamedPermissionSet class, 340

namespaces

aliasing, 59

defining, 58–59

definition of, 58

resolving references to, 59–60

native int type, IL, 18, 172, 405

native unsigned int type, IL, 172

NCL (Networking Class Libraries), 282

neg instruction, IL, 559

negative infinity, 183

nested type definitions, 26

.NET Framework

books about, 78, 212–213

components of, 5–6

history of, 4–5

version 2.0 improvements, 7

networking. See also sockets

books about, 299

definition of, 282

information about, obtaining, 290

OSI model for, 291

protocols

definition of, 291

HTTP, 293–297, 339

SMTP (e-mail), 297–298

TCP/IP, 291–292

UDP, 292–293

Networking Class Libraries (NCL), 282

NetworkInterface type, 290

NetworkStream class, 286–287

Neutral Apartment (NA), 390

neutral cultures, 303, 310

new constraint, 78

new keyword, C#, 37, 116

new slots, 37–38

newarr instruction, IL, 99, 116, 216, 566

newobj instruction, IL, 92, 116, 566

NGen technology

base addresses, 163–164

benefits of, 165–166

books about, 166, 167

definition of, 82, 125–126, 162–163

disadvantages of, 166

hard binding, 164–165

string freezing, 165

using, 163

ngen.exe tool, 163

nonvirtual calls to virtual methods, 96–97

nop instruction, IL, 559

not instruction, IL, 91, 559

NotImplementedException exception, 211–212

NotSupportedException exception, 211–212

null unification, 23–24

null value

objects using, 19

values not using, 22

nullable value type, 93

NullReferenceException exception, 209

numeric primitives, 180–184