File Systems


The df command reports the system’s disk space usage. If you type df at a shell prompt, the output looks similar to the following:

Filesystem    1k-blocks    Used         Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda2     10325716    2902060       6899140    30%     / /dev/hda1        15554       8656          6095    59%   /boot /dev/hda3     20722644    2664256      17005732    14%   /home none            256796          0        256796     0%   /dev/shm

By default, df’s output shows the partition size in 1-kilobyte blocks and the amount of used and available disk space in kilobytes. To view the information in megabytes and gigabytes, use the command df -h. The -h argument stands for human-readable format. The output looks similar to the following:

Filesystem                    Size    Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/hda2                     9.8G    2.8G      6.5G    30% / /dev/hda1                      15M    8.5M      5.9M    59% /boot /dev/hda3                      20G    2.6G       16G    14% /home none                          251M       0      250M     0% /dev/shm

In the list of partitions, there is an entry for /dev/shm. This entry represents the system’s virtual memory file system.

The du command displays the estimated amount of space being used by files in a directory. If you type du at a shell prompt, the disk usage for each of the subdirectories will be displayed in a list. The grand total for the current directory and subdirectories will also be shown as the last line in the list. If you do not want to see the totals for all the subdirectories, use the command du -hs to see only the grand total for the directory in human-readable format. Type du --help to see more options.

To view the system’s partitions and disk space usage in a graphical format, use the System Monitor tab.

Monitoring File Systems

Red Hat Linux provides a utility called diskcheck that monitors the amount of free disk space on the system. Based on the configuration file, it will send email to the system administrator when one or more disk drives reach a specified capacity. To use this utility, you must have the diskcheck RPM package installed. This utility is run as an hourly cron task. The following variables can be defined in /etc/diskcheck.conf:

defaultCutoff

When disk drives reach the specified percentage of total disk capacity, it will be reported. For example, if defaultCutoff = 90, an email will be sent when the monitored disk drives reach 90 percent capacity.

cutoff[/dev/partition]

Override the defaultCutoff for the partition. For example, if cutoff['/dev/hda3'] = 50 is specified, diskcheck will alert the system administrator when the partition /dev/hda3 reaches 50 percent capacity.

cutoff[/mountpoint]

Override the defaultCutoff for the mount point. For example, if cutoff['/home'] = 50 is specified, diskcheck will alert the system administrator when the mount point /home reaches 50 percent capacity.

exclude

Specify one or more partitions for diskcheck to ignore. For example, if exclude = "/dev/sda2 /dev/sda4" is specified, diskcheck will not alert the system administrator if /dev/sda2 or /dev/sda4 reaches the specified cutoff percentage.

ignore

Specify one or more file system types to ignore in the format -x filesystem-type. For example, if ignore = "-x nfs -x iso9660" is specified, the system administrator will not be alerted about nfs or iso9660 file systems’ reaching capacity.

mailTo

The email address of the system administrator to alert when partitions and mount points reach the specified capacity. For example, if mailTo = "webmaster@example.com" is specified, webmaster@example.com will be emailed alerts.

mailFrom

Specify the identity of the email sender. This is useful if the system administrator wants to filter the mail from diskcheck. For example, if mailFrom = "Disk Usage Monitor" is specified, email will be sent to the system administrator from the sender Disk Usage Monitor.

mailProg

Specify the mail program to use to send email alerts. For example, if mailProg = "/usr/sbin/sendmail" is specified, Sendmail will be used as the mail program.

You do not have to restart a service if you change the configuration file because it is read each time the cron task is run. You must have the crond service running for cron tasks to be executed. To determine if the daemon is running, use the command /sbin/service crond status. It is recommended that you start the service at boot time.




Official Red Hat Linux Administrator's Guide
Official Red Hat Linux Administrators Guide
ISBN: 0764516957
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2002
Pages: 278
Authors: Red Hat Inc

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