Index_D

D

DAA (dimensional assembly analysis), 199

DaimlerChrysler, 203, 296 “297

Dana Corp., 54

Databases, 146

Data failure distribution, 633

Data processing, 6, 493

Data recording, 526

DDB (double declining balance) method, 686 “687

Death spiral symptom, 461

Debit balance, 664

Debits, 664 “665

in business transactions, 672

recording, 675

using, 673

Debt

in annual reports , 671

and equity, 692, 697

long- term , 667

net reduction in, 670

in theory of firm, 661

Debt/assets ratio, 692

Decay time, 618

Decentralized benchmarking, 124

Decimal dimensions, 520

Decision analysis, 610

Decline and Fall (book), 661

Decline period, of product life cycle, 699 “700

Decoupled designs, 542

Decoupled matrix, 657

Defective parts , 278

Defect matrices, 485

Defects, 209 “210

detecting, 216

examples of, 213

matrices for, 484

as measure in TOC (theory of constraints), 462

mistakes as sources of, 212 “213

preventing, 216

quality defects, 291

reliability defects, 291

zero, 483

Defense Technical Information Center, 340

Deferred compensation, 667

Deferred income taxes, 669

Deflection, 654 “655

Deformations, 177

Degrees of freedom, 383, 407, 428

Dell Corp., 169

Delphi Automotive Systems, 169

Demand

and earnings, 693

factors affecting , 129

and sales forecasting, 710

Deming, W.E., 110, 480 “481

Deming management method, 110 “111

Deming wheel, 111 “112

Demographic data, 146

Density, 180

Density function, 633

Departmental budgets , 711 “712

Department benchmarking, 123

Department of Defense, 555

Depreciation, 684

accelerated, 687

accumulated , 665 “666, 684

in cash flow analysis, 701

as expenses, 665, 669, 684

as part of cash flow, 685

of physical assets, 681

replacement cost, 687

straight line, 685 “686

sum-of-the- years ' digits (SYD), 686

as tax strategy, 684 “685

as valuation reserve, 684

Derating, 359, 362

Descriptive feedback, 31, 33

Design controls, 249, 265 “266

Design cost, 569

Design customers, 229

Design engineering, as measure of quality cost, 493 “494

Design engineers , 269

Design FMEA, 224 “225, 262;

see also FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis)

calculating RPN (risk priority number) in, 267

describing anticipated failure modes in, 264

describing causes of failure in, 264 “265

describing effect of failure in, 264

describing functions of design/product in, 264

detection table, 252

in DFSS (design for six sigma), 721

estimating failure detection in, 266 “267

estimating frequency of occurrence of failure in, 265

estimating severity of failures in, 265

failure modes, 240 “244

forming teams for, 263

functions of, 264

identifying system and design controls in, 265

linkages to process FMEA and control plans, 258 “260

objectives of, 263

occurrence rating, 249

purpose of, 265

in QFD (quality function deployment), 725

recommending corrective actions in, 267 “268

requirements for, 263

severity rating, 246

special characteristics for, 257

timing, 263

Design for manufacturability/assembly. see DFM/DA

Design for six sigma. see DFSS

Design margins, 359 “360

Design of experiments. see DOE

Design optimization, 178, 182 “185

Design parameters, 336 “337, 542, 656

Design phase, 5

Design reliability, 313

Design requirements, 87 “88

Design reviews, 464

checklists of, 468

definition of, 362

FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis) in, 467

objectives of, 466

in R&M (reliability and maintainability), 352

sequential phases of, 465 “467

in system/component level testing, 266

Designs, 183

axiomatic, 541 “544

existing, 544

extensions and changes to, 544

new, 544

Design sets, 184

Design synthesis, 38 “39

Design variables , 183 “185

Destructive testing, 529

Detect delivery chutes, 219

Detection ratings, 250

and lowering risks, 267 “268, 276

vs. occurrence ratings, 253

in surrogate machinery FMEAs, 282

Detectors, 216 “219

Development risk, 195

Deviations, 91 “93

Dewhurst. Peter, 202 “203

DFM/DFA (design for manufacturability/assembly), 187 “189

approach alternatives to, 198 “199

business expectations from, 189 “190

charters , 193

and cost of quality, 509 “510

effects on product design, 204

elements of success in, 192 “194

fundamental design guidance for, 204 “205

instruction manuals for, 199, 200 “203

mechanics, 199

objectives of, 187 “189

in product design, 195, 204

product design in, 194

product plans in, 194

and product reliability, 298

sequential approach to, 191

simultaneous approach to, 191

tools and methods for, 198 “199

use of human body in, 199 “200

DFSS (design for six sigma), 9

and APQP (advanced product quality planning), 45 “47

and AQP (advanced quality planning), 40 “47

and cost of quality, 510

essential tools in, 715 “716

implementing with project management, 605 “609

model, 716

partnering in, 9 “25

physical and performance tests, 722 “723

and project management, 608 “609

quality engineering approach in, 25 “33

and R&M (reliability and maintainability), 364 “365

and reengineering, 516 “517

and simulation, 185

stages in, 717 “723

systems engineering in, 34 “40

and TOC (theory of constraints), 463

transfer function in, 52

transformation functions in, 717 “718

Diameter, 522

Difference between two means, 655 “656

Differential costs, 703

Differentiation strategy, 101 “102, 110

Digital Equipment Corp., 203

Digital signal processing, 622

Digitizing, 178

Dimensional assembly analysis (DAA), 199

Dimensional mistakes, 214

Dimensioning, 518 “522

Dimensions, 522

Direct costs, 36, 703

Direct labor, 569

Direct magnitude evaluation (DME), 586

Direct materials, 569

Directories, 145 “146

Direct product competitor benchmarks, 122

Discrete time, 621

Discretionary funds, 700

Discriminant analysis, 699

Discriminators, 477

Displacements, 179 “180

Displacement sensors, 218

Disposable razor , failure modes in, 66 “67

Distribution, 54

Diversity, in team systems, 29 “30

Dividends, 670, 700

DMAIC model, 7

DME (direct magnitude evaluation), 586

Documentation, 40, 474

DOE (design of experiments), 367 “370;

see also experiments

analysis, 405 “420

ANOVA (analysis of variance), 407 “410

classified data, 421 “430

combination design, 415 “418

graphical analysis, 405 “407

signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, 411 “415

comparisons using, 369

confirmatory tests in, 418 “421

definition of, 362

in DFM/DFA (design for manufacturability/assembly), 199

dynamic situations in, 430 “441

group runs using, 369

loss function in, 397 “398

parameter design, 441 “447

planning, 372 “380

in reliability applications, 335 “336

setting up experiments, 380 “395

signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in, 403 “404

Taguchi approach, 370 “371

tolerance design, 447 “454

Dominance factors, 273

Donneley demographics , 146

Door intrusion beams, 177

Double declining balance (DDB) method, 686 “687

Double-entry bookkeeping, 672, 675

Double feed sensors, 218

Dow Jones, 146

Downtimes, 238, 278

Dry run, 362

Duane model, 361

Dun and Bradstreet, 146, 698

Dupont Connector Systems, 6

DuPont system, modified, 157, 704 “705

Durability, 112

Durability life, 289

Dust, 289

Dynamic analysis, 176

Dynamic process, vs. static process, 1 “2

Dynamic situations, 430 “441