Python Cookbook

ISBN: 0596007973
EAN: 2147483647

Year: 2005
Pages: 346

Authors: Alex Martelli, Anna Ravenscroft, David Ascher

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Main Page
Table of content
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
The Design of the Book
The Implementation of the Book
A Note About Licenses
Audience
Organization
Further Reading
Conventions Used in This Book
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Python Shortcuts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Swapping Values WithoutUsing a Temporary Variable
1.3 Constructing a Dictionary Without Excessive Quoting
1.4 Getting a Value from a Dictionary
1.5 Adding an Entry to a Dictionary
1.6 Associating Multiple Values with Each Key in a Dictionary
1.7 Dispatching Using a Dictionary
1.8 Collecting a Bunch of Named Items
1.9 Finding the Intersection of Two Dictionaries
1.10 Assigning and Testing with One Statement
1.11 Using List Comprehensions Instead of map and filter
1.12 Unzipping Simple List-Like Objects
1.13 Flattening a Nested Sequence
1.14 Looping in Parallel over Index and Sequence Items
1.15 Looping Through Multiple Lists
1.16 Spanning a Range Defined by Floats
1.17 Transposing Two-Dimensional Arrays
1.18 Creating Lists of Lists Without Sharing References
Chapter 2. Searching and Sorting
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sorting a Dictionary
2.3 Processing Selected Pairs of Structured Data Efficiently
2.4 Sorting While Guaranteeing Sort Stability
2.5 Sorting by One Field, Then by Another
2.6 Looking for Items in a Sorted Sequence Using Binary Search
2.7 Sorting a List of Objects by an Attribute of the Objects
2.8 Sorting by Item or by Attribute
2.9 Selecting Random Elements from a List Without Repetition
2.10 Performing Frequent Membership Tests on a Sequence
2.11 Finding the Deep Index of an Item in an Embedded Sequence
2.12 Showing Off Quicksort in Three Lines
2.13 Sorting Objects Using SQL s ORDER BY Syntax
Chapter 3. Text
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Processing a String One Character at a Time
3.3 Testing if an Object Is String-Like
3.4 Aligning Strings
3.5 Trimming Space from the Ends of a String
3.6 Combining Strings
3.7 Checking Whether a String Contains a Set of Characters
3.8 Filtering a String for a Set of Characters
3.9 Controlling Case
3.10 Reversing a String by Words or Characters
3.11 Accessing Substrings
3.12 Changing the Indentation of a Multiline String
3.13 Testing Whether a String Represents an Integer
3.14 Expanding and Compressing Tabs
3.15 Replacing Multiple Patterns in a Single Pass
3.16 Converting Between Different Naming Conventions
3.17 Converting Between Characters and Values
3.18 Converting Between Unicode and Plain Strings
3.19 Printing Unicode Characters to Standard Output
3.20 Dispatching Based on Pattern Matches
3.21 Evaluating Code Inside Strings
3.22 Replacing Python Code with the Results of Executing That Code
3.23 Module: Yet Another Python Templating Utility (YAPTU)
3.24 Module: Roman Numerals
Chapter 4. Files
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Reading from a File
4.3 Writing to a File
4.4 Searching and Replacing Text in a File
4.5 Reading a Particular Line from a File
4.6 Retrieving a Line at Random from a File of Unknown Size
4.7 Counting Lines in a File
4.8 Processing Every Word in a File
4.9 Reading a Text File by Paragraphs
4.10 Reading Lines with Continuation Characters
4.11 Reading Data from ZIP Files
4.12 Reading INI Configuration Files
4.13 Sending Binary Data to Standard Output Under Windows
4.14 Using Random-Access InputOutput
4.15 Updating a Random-Access File
4.16 Splitting a Path into All of Its Parts
4.17 Treating Pathnames as Objects
4.18 Creating Directories Including Necessary Parent Directories
4.19 Walking Directory Trees
4.20 Swapping One File Extension for Another Throughout a Directory Tree
4.21 Finding a File Given an Arbitrary Search Path
4.22 Finding a File on the Python Search Path
4.23 Dynamically Changing the Python Search Path
4.24 Computing Directory Sizes in a Cross-Platform Way
4.25 File Locking Using a Cross-Platform API
4.26 Versioning Filenames
4.27 Module: Versioned Backups
Chapter 5. Object-Oriented Programming
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Overriding a Built-In Method
5.3 Getting All Members of a Class Hierarchy
5.4 Calling a Superclass _ _init_ _ Method if It Exists
5.5 Calling a Superclass Implementation of a Method
5.6 Implementing Properties
5.7 Implementing Static Methods
5.8 Implementing Class Methods
5.9 Delegating Automatically as an Alternative to Inheritance
5.10 Decorating an Object with Print-Like Methods
5.11 Checking if an Object Has Necessary Attributes
5.12 Making a Fast Copy of an Object
5.13 Adding Methods to a Class at Runtime
5.14 Modifying the Class Hierarchy of an Instance
5.15 Keeping References to Bound Methods Without Inhibiting Garbage Collection
5.16 Defining Constants
5.17 Managing Options
5.18 Implementing a Set Class
5.19 Implementing a Ring Buffer
5.20 Implementing a Collection
5.21 Delegating Messages to Multiple Objects
5.22 Implementing the Singleton Design Pattern
5.23 Avoiding the Singleton Design Pattern with the Borg Idiom
5.24 Implementing the Null Object Design Pattern
Chapter 6. Threads, Processes, and Synchronization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Storing Per-Thread Information
6.3 Terminating a Thread
6.4 Allowing Multithreaded Read Access While Maintaining a Write Lock
6.5 Running Functions in the Future
6.6 Synchronizing All Methods in an Object
6.7 Capturing the Output and Error Streams from a Unix Shell Command
6.8 Forking a Daemon Process on Unix
6.9 Determining if Another Instance of a Script Is Already Running in Windows
6.10 Processing Windows Messages Using MsgWaitForMultipleObjects
Chapter 7. System Administration
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Running a Command Repeatedly
7.3 Generating Random Passwords
7.4 Generating Non-Totally Random Passwords
7.5 Checking the Status of a Unix Network Interface
7.6 Calculating Apache Hits per IP Address
7.7 Calculating the Rate of Client Cache Hits on Apache
7.8 Manipulating the Environment on Windows NT2000XP
7.9 Checking and Modifying the Set of Tasks Windows Automatically Runs at Logon
7.10 Examining the Microsoft Windows Registry for a List of Name Server Addresses
7.11 Getting Information About the Current User on Windows NT2000
7.12 Getting the Windows Service Name from Its Long Name
7.13 Manipulating Windows Services
7.14 Impersonating Principals on Windows
7.15 Changing a Windows NT Password Using ADSI
7.16 Working with Windows Scripting Host (WSH) from Python
7.17 Displaying Decoded Hotkeys for Shortcuts in Windows
Chapter 8. Databases and Persistence
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Serializing Data Using the marshal Module
8.3 Serializing Data Using the pickle and cPickle Modules
8.4 Using the cPickle Module on Classes and Instances
8.5 Mutating Objects with shelve
8.6 Accesssing a MySQL Database
8.7 Storing a BLOB in a MySQL Database
8.8 Storing a BLOB in a PostgreSQL Database
8.9 Generating a Dictionary Mapping from Field Names to Column Numbers
8.10 Using dtuple for Flexible Access to Query Results
8.11 Pretty-Printing the Contents of Database Cursors
8.12 Establishing Database Connections Lazily
8.13 Accessing a JDBC Database from a Jython Servlet
8.14 Module: jet2sqlCreating a SQL DDL from an Access Database
Chapter 9. User Interfaces
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Avoiding lambda in Writing Callback Functions
9.3 Creating Menus with Tkinter
9.4 Creating Dialog Boxes with Tkinter
9.5 Supporting Multiple Values per Row in a Tkinter Listbox
9.6 Embedding Inline GIFs Using Tkinter
9.7 Combining Tkinter and Asynchronous IO with Threads
9.8 Using a wxPython Notebook with Panels
9.9 Giving the User Unobtrusive Feedback During Data Entry with Qt
9.10 Building GUI Solutions Independent of the Specific GUI Toolkit
9.11 Creating Color Scales
9.12 Using PublishSubscribe Broadcasting to Loosen the Coupling Between GUI and Business Logic Systems
9.13 Module: Building GTK GUIs Interactively
Chapter 10. Network Programming
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Writing a TCP Client
10.3 Writing a TCP Server
10.4 Passing Messages with Socket Datagrams
10.5 Finding Your Own Name and Address
10.6 Converting IP Addresses
10.7 Grabbing a Document from the Web
10.8 Being an FTP Client
10.9 Sending HTML Mail
10.10 Sending Multipart MIME Email
10.11 Bundling Files in a MIME Message
10.12 Unpacking a Multipart MIME Message
10.13 Module: PyHeartBeatDetecting Inactive Computers
10.14 Module: Interactive POP3 Mailbox Inspector
10.15 Module: Watching for New IMAP Mail Using a GUI
Chapter 11. Web Programming
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Testing Whether CGI Is Working
11.3 Writing a CGI Script
11.4 Using a Simple Dictionary for CGI Parameters
11.5 Handling URLs Within a CGI Script
11.6 Resuming the HTTP Download of a File
11.7 Stripping Dangerous Tags and Javascript from HTML
11.8 Running a Servlet with Jython
11.9 Accessing Netscape Cookie Information
11.10 Finding an Internet Explorer Cookie
11.11 Module: Fetching LatitudeLongitude Data from the Web
Chapter 12. Processing XML
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Checking XML Well-Formedness
12.3 Counting Tags in a Document
12.4 Extracting Text from an XML Document
12.5 Transforming an XML Document Using XSLT
12.6 Transforming an XML Document Using Python
12.7 Parsing an XML File with xml.parsers.expat
12.8 Converting Ad-Hoc Text into XML Markup
12.9 Normalizing an XML Document
12.10 Controlling XSLT Stylesheet Loading
12.11 Autodetecting XML Encoding
12.12 Module: XML Lexing (Shallow Parsing)
12.13 Module: Converting a List of Equal-Length Lists into XML
Chapter 13. Distributed Programming
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Making an XML-RPC Method Call
13.3 Serving XML-RPC Requests
13.4 Using XML-RPC with Medusa
13.5 Writing a Web Service That Supports Both XML-RPC and SOAP
13.6 Implementing a CORBA Client and Server
13.7 Performing Remote Logins Using telnetlib
13.8 Using PublishSubscribe in a Distributed Middleware Architecture
13.9 Using RequestReply in a Distributed Middleware Architecture
Chapter 14. Debugging and Testing
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Reloading All Loaded Modules
14.3 Tracing Expressions and Comments in Debug Mode
14.4 Wrapping Tracebacks in HTML
14.5 Getting More Information from Tracebacks
14.6 Starting the Debugger Automatically After an Uncaught Exception
14.7 Logging and Tracing Across Platforms
14.8 Determining the Name of the Current Function
14.9 Introspecting the Call Stack with Older Versions of Python
14.10 Debugging the Garbage-Collection Process
14.11 Tracking Instances of Particular Classes
Chapter 15. Programs About Programs
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Colorizing Python Source Using the Built-in Tokenizer
15.3 Importing a Dynamically Generated Module
15.4 Importing from a Module Whose Name Is Determined at Runtime
15.5 Importing Modules with Automatic End-of-Line Conversions
15.6 Simulating Enumerations in Python
15.7 Modifying Methods in Place
15.8 Associating Parameters with a Function (Currying)
15.9 Composing Functions
15.10 Adding Functionality to a Class
15.11 Adding a Method to a Class Instance at Runtime
15.12 Defining a Custom Metaclass to Control Class Behavior
15.13 Module: Allowing the Python Profiler to Profile C Modules
Chapter 16. Extending and Embedding
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Implementing a Simple Extension Type
16.3 Translating a Python Sequence into a C Array with the PySequence_Fast Protocol
16.4 Accessing a Python Sequence Item-by-Item with the Iterator Protocol
16.5 Returning None from a Python-Callable C Function
16.6 Coding the Methods of a Python Class in C
16.7 Implementing C Function Callbacks to a Python Function
16.8 Debugging Dynamically Loaded C Extensions with gdb
16.9 Debugging Memory Problems
16.10 Using SWIG-Generated Modules in a Multithreaded Environment
Chapter 17. Algorithms
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Testing if a Variable Is Defined
17.3 Evaluating Predicate Tests Across Sequences
17.4 Removing Duplicates from a Sequence
17.5 Removing Duplicates from a Sequence While Maintaining Sequence Order
17.6 Simulating the Ternary Operator in Python
17.7 Counting Items and Sorting by Incidence (Histograms)
17.8 Memoizing (Caching) the Return Values of Functions
17.9 Looking Up Words by Sound Similarity
17.10 Computing Factorials with lambda
17.11 Generating the Fibonacci Sequence
17.12 Wrapping an Unbounded Iterator to Restrict Its Output
17.13 Operating on Iterators
17.14 Rolling Dice
17.15 Implementing a First-In First-Out Container
17.16 Modeling a Priority Queue
17.17 Converting Numbers to Rationals via Farey Fractions
17.18 Evaluating a Polynomial
17.19 Module: Finding the Convex Hull of a Set of 2D Points
17.20 Module: Parsing a String into a DateTime Object Portably
Chapter 18. List of Contributors
18.1 A
18.2 B
18.3 C
18.4 D
18.5 F
18.6 G
18.7 H
18.8 J
18.9 K
18.10 L
18.11 M
18.12 N
18.13 P
18.14 Q
18.15 R
18.16 S
18.17 T
18.18 U
18.19 V
18.20 W
18.21 Y
18.22 Z
Colophon
Index
Index SYMBOL
Index A
Index B
Index C
Index D
Index E
Index F
Index G
Index H
Index I
Index J
Index K
Index L
Index M
Index N
Index O
Index P
Index Q
Index R
Index S
Index T
Index U
Index V
Index W
Index X
Index Y