Review Questions and Answers

1.	Your Solaris 9 server's hard disk failed on Thursday afternoon, and you need to restore the file system on the disk. Fortunately, you have current backups available. You replace the failed hard disk and prepare it for restoration. Here are the backup tapes you have available: Tape 1: Level 0 backup, Sunday night Tape 2: Level 7 backup, Monday night Tape 3: Level 7 backup, Tuesday night Tape 4: Level 7 backup, Wednesday night Which tapes do you need to restore, in the exact order, to achieve a complete restoration of the file system? Tape 1, Tape 2, Tape 3, Tape 4 Tape 1, Tape 4 Tape 1 only Tape 2, Tape 3, Tape 4
2.	You are a Solaris administrator for your network. You have encountered a pax backup file created by another systems administrator. You want to see which files are included in the pax file. Which command should you issue to find out? pax -r -f /dev/rmt/0 pax -w -f /dev/rmt/0 pax -rw -f /dev/rmt/0 pax -f /dev/rmt/0
3.	Before performing a backup of the /export/home file system on your Solaris 9 computer by using ufsdump, which of the following should you do? (Choose all that apply.) Log in as root or assume an equivalent role. Mount the /export/home file system. Unmount the /export/home file system. Run the fsck command to lock the file system.
4.	You are the Solaris administrator for your company. You are performing an interactive restoration on one of your servers. Which command should you enter to display a list of files that are marked for extraction? extract marked ls dispmrk
5.	Which of the following statements best describes an incremental backup? Incremental backups back up all files on the file system. Incremental backups back up all files on the file system that have changed since the last full backup. Incremental backups back up all files on the file system that have changed since the last incremental backup. Incremental backups back up all files on the file system that have changed since the last lower-level backup.
6.	You are the Solaris administrator for your network. The hard disk containing the root file system (/) on your server crashed. You have purchased a new hard disk and installed it into the failed server. Here are the procedures you need to perform: Change directories and unmount the file system. Perform a system restoration with the ufsrestore command. Create a new file system on the new hard disk. Create a new full backup. Install boot files with installboot. Mount the new file system on a temporary mount point. Remove the restoresymtable file. Reboot the system. Run fsck to check the file system for consistency. Change directories to the temporary mount point. Which of the following is the correct order in which you must perform these procedures? 3, 6, 2, 7, 10, 9, 1, 5, 4, 8 3, 6, 10, 9, 5, 2, 7, 1, 4, 8 3, 6, 10, 2, 7, 1, 9, 5, 4, 8 3, 6, 10, 2, 5, 9, 7, 1, 4, 8
7.	Which two of the following statements accurately describe the device /dev/rmt/0? (Choose two.) It is the default tape device as described in the /dev/rmt/default file. It is the default tape device as described in the /kernel/drv/st.conf file. It is the default tape device as described in the /kernel/rmt/mt.conf file. It is the first tape device in the computer. It is the second tape device in the computer.
8.	You are the Solaris administrator for your network. You want to create a full backup of the /export/home/adocter directory. The backup should be verified, copied to the default tape device, and an entry created in /etc/dumpdates. Which of the following commands should you issue? ufsdump 0uvd /export/home/adocter ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home/adocter ufsdump 9uvf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home/adocter ufsdump 0uvf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home/adocter
9.	You are the Solaris administrator for your company. You are performing a full backup of the root (/) file system on one of your Solaris 9 servers with the ufsdump utility. Which of the following statements is correct in describing the location of the table of contents on the backup media? The table of contents for directories and files is located at the beginning of the backup media. The table of contents for directories and files is located at the end of the backup media. The table of contents for directories is located at the beginning of the backup media, and the table of contents for files is located at the end of the backup media. The table of contents for directories is located at the end of the backup media, and the table of contents for files is located at the beginning of the backup media.
10.	You are the Solaris administrator for your network. You want to back up files from one of your client machines, but the tape backup device is located on a remote server. Which of the following files do you need to edit to enable you to perform this remote backup? The /.rhosts file on the client The /.rhosts file on the server The /etc/hosts.equiv file on the client The /etc/hosts.equiv file on the server
11.	Which of the following statements accurately describe dd? (Choose all that apply.) It can convert and copy files with different data formats. It can copy information from one hard disk to another hard disk. It is more efficient at backing up data than ufsdump. It is capable of transferring an entire file system from a hard disk to a backup tape.
12.	You are the Solaris administrator for your company. You are in the middle of performing an interactive restoration and you execute the following command: ufsrestore> delete file1 What does this command accomplish? file1 is deleted from the tape archive. file1 is deleted from the hard disk. file1 is removed from the list of files to be extracted. file1 is moved into a temporary cache and will be deleted when you exit the interactive restore.
13.	You are performing the restoration of a user's home directory to the server. The files are being restored to the /var/tmp directory. At the end of the restoration, you choose "yes" when prompted with set owner/mode for '.' [yn]. What does your answer accomplish? The mode of /var/tmp will be set to match that of the user's home directory located on the backup media. The mode of /var/tmp will remain as it currently is. The owner of /var/tmp will be set to root, and the permissions for /var/tmp will match those of the user's home directory located on the backup media. The owner of /var/tmp will not change, and the permissions for /var/tmp will be set to read-only for the user.
14.	Your Solaris 9 server's hard disk failed on Wednesday morning, and you need to restore the file system on the disk. Fortunately, you have current backups available. You replace the failed hard disk and prepare it for restoration. Here are the backup tapes you have available: Tape 1: Level 0 backup, Sunday night Tape 2: Level 2 backup, Monday night Tape 3: Level 3 backup, Tuesday night Which tapes do you need to restore, in the exact order, to achieve a complete restoration of the file system? Tape 1, Tape 2, Tape 3 Tape 1, Tape 3 Tape 1 only Tape 2, Tape 3
15.	You are the network administrator for your company. You have configured your server, which contains a tape backup device, to allow remote tape backups. From one of your client machines, you want to perform a full backup of the /docs file system on the server's tape device. The client computer name is electra, and the server's name is freud. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task? ufsdump 0uf freud:/dev/rmt/0 /docs ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 electra:/docs ufsdump 0uf electra:/dev/rmt/0 freud:/docs ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 /docs ufsdump 9uf freud:/dev/rmt/0 /docs
16.	You are devising a backup strategy for your Solaris server. On the first of the month, you will perform a full backup of the /docs file system. Each weeknight, you will perform an incremental backup, and you want each backup to back up only files that have changed that day. On Saturday nights, you want to perform a backup of all files that have changed that week only. This schedule is to be repeated throughout the course of the month. Which of the following shows appropriate backup levels for you to use, beginning with Monday and ending with Saturday? 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 2 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 2 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 9
17.	You are the Solaris administrator for your company. You have created a backup file by using the tar command. You want to see a list of files located within the backup archive. Which of the following commands could you use? tar xvf tar cvf tar tvf tar uvf
18.	You are the Solaris administrator for your network. You want to create a snapshot of the /usr file system for backup purposes. The snapshot should be named snap01. Which of the following commands should you execute? fssnap -F ufs -o bs=/snap01 fs=/usr fssnap -F ufs -o /usr bs=/snap01 fssnap -F ufs -o fs=/usr bs=/snap01 fssnap -F ufs -o bs=/snap01 /usr
19.	You are the Solaris administrator for your company. On Sunday, you performed a level 0 backup of the /opt file system on your server. Monday, you performed a level 5 backup of the same file system. Tuesday, you want to back up all files that have changed since Sunday. Which of the following commands enable you to do this? (Choose all that apply.) ufsdump 1uf /dev/rmt/0 /opt ufsdump 5uf /dev/rmt/0 /opt ufsdump 7uf /dev/rmt/0 /opt ufsdump <0uf /dev/rmt/0 /opt
20.	Later this afternoon, you will be performing a backup of your root file system (/) by using the ufsdump command. Before performing the backup, which of the following tasks should you perform? (Choose all that apply.) Log in as root or assume an equivalent role. Mount the root (/) file system. Unmount the root (/) file system. Run the fsck command to lock the file system. Issue the init S command.

Answers

1.	B. To restore the file system in the best possible way, you need to begin with the full backup, created on Tape 1 on Sunday. Because each weekday you made the same level backups, the Wednesday night tape (Tape 4) has all changes made since Sunday. Therefore, all you need is Tape 1, followed by Tape 4.
2.	D. The pax command operates in four modes: read (-r), write (-w), copy (-rw), and list (neither -r nor -w). To list files in the pax archive, you want to omit the -r and -w options. Therefore, the last answer is correct.
3.	A, C. To run a backup of a file system, you need to have root permissions or an equivalent role. Also, it's strongly recommended that you unmount the file system before backing it up. The fsck command does not lock file systems; it checks them for consistency.
4.	B. The marked command lists the files marked for extraction. The extract command begins the extraction process, and ls functions just as it would in the shell; it lists files. The dispmrk command does not exist.
5.	D. By definition, incremental backups back up all files on the file system that have changed since the last lower-level backup. The last lower-level backup might have been a full backup or a lower-level incremental backup.
6.	C. This procedure is complex and must be followed in the exact order. To restore a root file system (/), you must create a new file system on the new hard disk, mount the new file system on a temporary mount point, change directories to the temporary mount point, perform a system restoration with the ufsrestore command, remove the restoresymtable file, change directories and unmount the file system, run fsck to check the file system for consistency, install boot files with installboot, create a new full backup, and reboot the system.
7.	B, D. The device /dev/rmt/0 describes the first tape device in the computer. It's also the default tape device as described in the /kernel/drv/st.conf file.
8.	D. The ufsdump command is used to create the full backup. The appropriate switches for this question are 0 for a full backup, u to update /etc/dumpdates, v to verify, and f to indicate the backup device.
9.	A. When you run ufsdump, a two-step process is performed. In the first step, the table of contents, including directories and files, is written to the backup media. Then, all the data is written to the media, based on inode sequence number.
10.	B. To perform this remote backup, you need to add the client machine name, and username if desired, to the /.rhosts file on the server machine.
11.	A, B, D. The dd command is good at copying data, and it can copy and convert data with different data formats. However, it is not more efficient at backing up data than ufsdump.
12.	C. The delete command, when issued within ufsrestore, removes the file from the list of files to be extracted.
13.	A. The prompt set owner/mode for '.' [yn] is perhaps the most critical question asked during the restoration process, because it directly affects file permissions. Saying "yes" will set the mode (owner, permissions, and file access time) of the restore directory to match those of the original directory located on the backup media. Choosing "no" will leave the mode of the restore directory as it currently is.
14.	A. To restore the file system in the best possible way, you need to begin with the full backup, created on Tape 1 on Sunday. Because each weekday you increased the level of the backups, each tape has only changes made that day. Therefore, to get all appropriate changes, you need to restore Tape 1, followed by Tape 2 and Tape 3.
15.	A. To perform the remote backup, you must specify the device to which you are backing up. In this case, it's the default tape device on the freud machine, or freud:/dev/rmt/0. The client machine name is not needed, as ufsdump assumes the directory that is to be backed up is local. Full backups are level 0 backups.
16.	A. Incremental backups back up the files that have changed since the last lower-level backup. So, to back up files that have changed daily, you need to increase the backup levels by at least one each day. On Saturday, you will need to use a lower level than any of the backups used during the week. Therefore, the first answer is correct.
17.	C. The t option is used with tar to list a table of contents.
18.	D. The correct syntax for fssnap is fssnap -F ufs -o bs=backing_store_file file_system.
19.	A, B. To back up all files changed since Sunday, you need to perform an incremental backup. Incremental backups use levels 1-9. Incremental backups also back up all files changed since the last lower-level backup. Therefore, if on Tuesday you want to back up all files changed since Sunday, you need to use a level less than or equal to the one used Monday. This eliminates the third answer. The last answer uses invalid syntax (the < is invalid).
20.	A, E. To run a backup of a file system, you need to have root permissions or an equivalent role. The fsck command does not lock file systems; it checks them for consistency. You cannot unmount the root file system if Solaris is in multiuser mode. Therefore, you will need to bring Solaris into single-user mode with the init S command.