Notes

14 Pierre Wack,...who had invented this approach in the early 1970s. See Art Kleiner, The Age of Heretics, Heroes, Outlaws, and the Forerunners of Corporate Change (New York: Doubleday, 1996), Peter Schwartz, TheArt of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World (New York: Currency, 1996), and Kees van der Heijden, Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation (West Sussex: John Wiley, 1996).

16 Economic and political vested interests are deeply threatened by opening up. Joseph Jaworski, Synchronicity: The Inner Path of Leadership (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1996).

23 Flight of the Flamingoes... everyone in the society rising slowly and together. Pieter le Roux et al., "The Mont Fleur Scenarios." Deeper News , vol. 7, no. 1 (1992).

25 Mandela made a decisionthe deadlock...must be broken. Patti Waldmeir, Anatomy of a Miracle: The End of Apartheid and the Birth of the New South Africa (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997), 71.

25 "The Great U-Turn." Allister Sparks, Beyond the Miracle: Inside the New South Africa (Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2003), 170.

25 "if you have internalized something then you probably carry it for life." Unpublished working paper for Glennifer Gillespie, "The Mont Fleur Scenario Project, South Africa, 19911992: The Footprints of Mont Fleur," in Civic Scenario/Civic Dialogue Workshop , ed. Bettye Pruitt (New York: United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000).

27 "Using scenarios in this way can be an extraordinarily powerful process." Jaworski 1996, 182.

30 "Social capital." Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001).

31 I knew that problems are tough...and that there are three types of complexity: dynamic, generative , and social. Peter Senge and Claus Otto Scharmer, "Community Action Research," in Handbook of Action Research , eds. Peter Reason and Hilary Bradbury (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001), 23.

31 Russell Ackoff calls them "messes." Russell Ackoff, Redesigning the Future: A Systems Approach to Societal Problems (NewYork: John Wiley and Sons, 1974).

33 "where the First and Third Worlds meet." Sparks 2003, x.

41 "Time and again, conflicts are resolved through shifts that were unimaginable at the start." Nelson Mandela, "Annual Independent News & Media Lecture" (Dublin, April 12, 2000).

42 Otto Scharmer calls the kind of talking that takes place in these situations "downloading." Claus Otto Scharmer, Theory U: Leading from the Emerging Future (forthcoming in 2005).

48 "Dictatorship did not just coerce Chileans; it also corrupted them." Tina Rosenberg, Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America (New York: Penguin Books, 1991), 1991), 335, 346-47.

51 '"the rationalist school',...codifies thought and action separately." van der Heijden 1996, 2324.

62 This insight made its way into one of the team's published scenarios, Forward March . Alfredo de Le ³n and Elena Diez Pinto, "Destino Colombia, 19972000: A Treasure to Be Revealed," in Civic Scenario/Civic Dialogue Workshop , ed. Bettye Pruitt (New York: United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000).

62 "a treasure still to be revealed." de Le ³n and Diez Pinto, in Civic Scenario/Civic Dialogue Workshop , 2000.

75 "we want the 'whole system' in the room, meaning a larger system than usual." Marvin Weisbord and Sandra Janoff, Future Search: An Action Guide to Finding Common Ground in Organizations and Communities (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1999), 3738.

77 "we must listen, discern, and acknowledge this partial truth in everyoneparticularly those with whom we disagree ." Gene Knud-sen Hoffman, "Compassionate Listening: A First Step Towards Reconciliation," in Compassionate Listening Training: An Exploratory Sourcebook about Conflict Transformation , by Gene Knudsen Hoffman, Cynthia Monroe, and Leah Green, ed. Dennis Rivers (Santa Barbara: The Institute for Cooperative Communication Skills, 2001), 2.

80 They " suspended " their ideas,...and walked around and looked at these ideas from different perspectives. See William Isaacs, Dialogue and the Art of Thinking Together (New York: Doubleday, 1999).

80 "You had time to think ...to see the contradictions in yourself." Anthony Sampson, Mandela: An Authorized Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), xxvi.

80 "we had to carve it, and so perhaps we were more willing to listen." This and all the indented quotes in this chapter from Gillespie 2000.

84 "cognition is not a representation of an independent, pregiven world." Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems (New York: Doubleday, 1996), 270. See also Hum-berto Maturana and Francisco Varela, The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding (Boston: Shambhala, 1987).

85 "some of us were reluctant to say we worked for Shell." Cor Her-str er, Mark Moody-Stuart, and Gary Steel, "Strategic Transformation at Royal Dutch/Shell," in The Dance of Change: The Challenges of Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations , eds. Peter Senge et al. (New York: Doubleday, 1999), 527528.

89 "Sawu bona," which means "I see you." Peter Senge et al., eds., The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook: Strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization (New York: Doubleday, 1994), 3.

90 "I am genuinely interested in him! That's the whole point!" See Joseph Jaworski, "When Good People Do Terrible Things: Addressing the Fundamental Learning Impediments of Organizational Life," in The Dance of Change .

91 He was developing a taxonomy of four different ways of listening. Scharmer forthcoming.

97 "or you can sit together and work through a solution yourselves." "Interview of Adam Kahane: 'In Today's Argentina, the Options Are Dialogue or Violence,"' La Naci ³n (Buenos Aires), 5 May 2002.

99 "An experiment never before tried in our country has just started up." Editorial, "Judicial Reform and Dialogue," La Naci ³n (Buenos Aires), 30 September 2002.

109 "Instead, we rely on patternsand on feelings associated with those patterns." Brian Arthur, "Unit of One: Decisions, Decisions," Fast Company (October 1998): 93.

113 The official, internationally supported investigation of this period was the "Commission for Historical Clarification." Commission for Historical Clarification, Guatemala Memory of Silence: Report of the Commission for Historical Clarification (Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1999).

114 "I was worried that we would be so polite that the real issues would never emerge." This and all other indented quotes in this chapter from Elena Diez Pinto, "Visi ³n Guatemala, 19982000: Building Bridges of Trust," in Civic Scenario/Civic Dialogue Workshop .

122 Katrin K ufer ...led the group of researchers who interviewed members of the Vision Guatemala team. Katrin K ufer, "Learning from Civic Scenario Projects: A Tool for Facilitating Social Change?" in Civic Scenario/Civic Dialogue Workshop .

125 "We've come to believe that the core capacity needed for accessing the field of the future is presence." Peter Senge, Claus Otto Scharmer, Joseph Jaworski, and Betty Sue Flowers, Presence: Human Purpose and the Field of the Future (Cambridge: Society for Organizational Learning, 2004), 11.

132 Immanuel Kant. Quoted in Isaiah Berlin, The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), ii.

132 Czech president Vaclav Havel. Quoted by Thorvald Stoltenberg, the former UN envoy to Bosnia, at the Tallberg Conference, 1998.