Index_M

M

Machine stability, 53

Magnitude, 22

Maintainability

attributes, 241, 244

index, 244

system with good, 240

Maintenance nightmare, 235

Manama virus, 328

Mapping

first-order, 243

second-order, 244

Mathematical fundamentals, review of, 375-402

continuous probability distributions, 382-385

beta distribution, 384

Dirichlet distribution, 385

F distribution, 384

normal distribution, 382-383

t distribution, 383-384

χ² distribution, 383

discrete probability distributions, 379-382

binomial distribution, 380

multinomial distribution, 380-381

Poisson distribution, 381-382

matrix algebra, 375-377

determinants, 376-377

eigenproblems, 377

matrix inverses, 377

spectral decomposition, 377

modeling, 394-402

confidence intervals for estimates, 401-402

regression analysis of variance, 397-399

standard error of estimates, 399-401

notions of probability, 378-379

continuous random variables, 379

discrete random variables, 378-379

statistics, 385-390

measures of central tendency, 385-387

measures of moment, 387-390

tests of hypotheses, 390-394

basic principles, 390-392

test on means, 392-394

Matrix algebra, 375

Maximum test effectiveness, 284

Mean(s)

distribution concentrated near, 387

mass not symmetrically distributed about, 388

sample, 386

square error predictive term, calculation of, 159

standard error of, 389

test on, 392

time to failure (MTTF), 307

time to repair (MTTR), 307

Measure(s)

definition of, 22

of moment, 387

Measurement(s)

-based testing, 276

data, misuse of, 332

derived, 23, 24

domains, mapping among, 53

dynamic, 254, 274

errors, classes of, 28

improvement, process for, 106

ongoing process of, 175

primitive, 23

principal components of, 116

process improvement, 17, 332, 349-351

best way to conceptualize, 352

institutionalizing of, 351-353

measurement process enhancement, 351

tools refinement, 349-350

rationale for effective, 5

reporting system, building of, 337

reproducibility of, 3, 34

scales, qualitative, 25

standards, 30

static, 254, 274

system

building of initial, 335

dynamic, 341

network-based, 353

source code, 333

technology, dynamic, 326

tools, refining of, 350

MEFV, see Module execution frequency vector

Memory allocation, 422

Mental discriminations, elementary, 68, 111

Method of least squares, 395

Methodological errors, sources of, 28

Metric(s), see also Modeling with metrics

basis of on elementary mental discriminations, 68

complete mapping between, 119

control flowgraph, 77, 411

coupling, 94, 415

criterion in selecting, 66

database, inflammatory information in, 339

definitions of, 292

derived, 109, 118, 126, 168, 187

domain(s)

baselined, 196

deltas in, 197

orthogonal, 120

DS, 125, 126

environment, 52

fan-in, 95

fan-out, 95

FI, problem with, 187

flowgraph

enumeration of, 87, 88

path, 89

Halstead, 123, 185

Health, 109

identification of unreliable, 63

kinds of, 138

lexical, 74, 406

ordered, 26

organizing of into taxonomic categories, 133

PASS

FI values, 132

PCA of, 121

software, canonical correlation technique performed on, 171

process communication, 126

product, 52

quality

canonical structure of, 172

correlation coefficients of, 169

reliability, 61

software

definitions, 207

principal components of, 207

source code, construction of canonical complexity metrics from, 173

standard, 67

tools, use of to measure code, 334

validation tool, regression as, 167

values, raw

PASS modules, 128

z-scores for, 129

Michelangelo, 18

Microexperiments, homegrown, 369

Microsoft, 373

Mnamana metric, 140

Model(s)

aesthetics of, 153

evaluation, use of least squares criterion for, 145

least squares regression, 146

life-cycle, 10

linear regression, 154, 155, 210

nonlinear, 163

orthogonal domain scores, 166

polynomial, 164

predictive, 139

development of, 394

reason for development of, 159

regression, 156, 210, 397

ANOVAs for, 158

for dependent variables, 157

with dummy variates, 161, 162

performance, 159

selection of best, 161

residual analysis of, 146

Modeling with metrics, 137-173

canonical correlation, 168-173

nonlinear models, 163-165

problems associated with multicollinearity, 165-167

regression as metric validation tool, 167-168

simple linear regression, 139-163

examination of data, 140-146

model predictive validity, 159-161

multiple linear regression, 154-159

regression ANOVA, 146-150

regression with dummy variates, 161-163

residual analysis, 150-154

selecting best regression model, 161

Module(s), see also Program module

activity, distribution of by functionality, 322

association of with functionalities, 228

call graph structure, 224

classification, 228

code

churn, 338

delta for, 199

mapping of operations to, 235

coupling, 104

design, complexity, 236

execution(s)

frequency vector (MEFV), 316

hypothetical, 323

profile, 318

failure probabilities, 323

fault prone, 273

flowgraph structure, 244

fractional complexities of, 299

frequency count of, 259

function, at runtime, 265

indispensably involved, 227

mapping of functionalities to, 321

number of faults in, 201, 203

potentially involved, 227

profile, 249, 252, 262

relationship between user operations and, 229, 230

reliability, 315, 317

source code, 241, 242

specification, 223, 243

subsets, functional, 295

version data, 336

virtual failure, 315

MTTF, see Mean time to failure

MTTR, see Mean time to repair

Multicollinearity, 116, 165

Multinomial distribution, 380

Multiple linear regression, 154, 155

Multivariate statistical analysis, 61