P

Index

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P-CHS parameters,
P-Ratings (Performance Ratings)
     AMD processors
     Cyrix processors
p-Si (low-temperature polysilicon),
P-Type semiconductors,
P4 connectors,
P4M266 chipsets,
P4X266 chipsets,
P4X400 chipsets,
P4X400A chipsets,
P4X533 chipsets,
P5 (586) processors,
     address bus width
     addressable memory
     BiCMOS
     BTB (branch target buffer)
     cache
     DIMM width
     first-generation
     instruction processing
     math coprocessor 2nd
     OverDrive Processors
     packaging
     Pentium-compatible
         AMD-K6 2nd
         Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX
         NexGen Nx586
     Pentium-MMX 2nd
     power management bugs
     second-generation
     SIMM width
     specifications
     steppings
     superscalar architecture
     twin data pipelines
     voltage 2nd
P6 (686) processors
     bus widths
     Celeron 2nd
         benefits
         Celeron D
         DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
         dynamic execution
         FC-PGA (flip chip pin grid array) package
         history of
         instruction execution
         manufacturing
         Northwood
         PPGA (plastic pin grid array) package
         processor variations
         running 32-bit software
         SEP (single edge processor) package
         Socket 370 Celerons
         Socket 478 Celerons
         socket T (LGA775) Celerons
         Tualatin
         Willamette
     Pentium II processors 2nd
         cache
         chipsets 2nd
         DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd 3rd
         die sizes
         dynamic execution 2nd 3rd
         heating/cooling issues
         iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd
         iCOMP 3.0 index ratings
         installation
         instruction execution
         Level 1 cache
         Level 2 cache
         maximum installable memory
         MMX technology
         Mobile Module
         multiprocessing
         power usage
         processor ID information 2nd
         running 32-bit software
         SEC (single edge contact) packaging 2nd
         SEP (single edge processor) packaging
         socket specifications
         specifications
         speeds
         transistors
         voltage ID definitions
     Pentium II/III Xeon processors
     Pentium III processors
         architectural features
         chipsets 2nd
         DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
         dynamic execution
         iCOMP 3.0 index ratings
         ID markings
         instruction execution
         Level 2 cache
         maximum installable memory
         overclocking
         running 32-bit software
         SEC (single edge contact) packaging
         SECC2 (single edge contact cartridge 2) packaging 2nd
         SEP (single edge processor) packaging
         socket specifications
         SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions)
         variations
     Pentium Pro processors
         cache
         chipsets 2nd
         DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
         Dual Cavity PGA packaging
         dynamic execution 2nd
         iCOMP 2.0 index ratings
         instruction execution
         integrated L2 cache
         maximum installable memory
         MCM (multichip module)
         running 32-bit software
         socket specifications
         specifications
         speeds
         SPGA (staggered pin grid array) packaging
         transistors
         VID (voltage identification) pins
     Pentium-compatible [See also Athlon processors,; Duron processors.]
         AMD-K6 2nd
         Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX
         NexGen Nx586
         Sempron (Socket A)
         VIA C3
P64H (PCI controller hub),
P7 processors, 2nd 3rd
P8 power supply connectors,
P9 power supply connectors,
PAC (PCI/AGP Controller) [See North Bridge chipsets,.]
packets, 2nd
paddle boards,
PAE (physical address extension),
Page Mode memory,
pairing data pipelines,
PAL (Phase Alternate Line),
Palette Snooping setting (BIOS),
Parallel ATA (PATA), 2nd
parallel crossover cables,
parallel null modem cables,
Parallel port setting (BIOS),
parallel ports,
     bidirectional parallel ports
     configuration
     DCC (Direct Cable Connection)
     ECP (Enhanced Capabilities Port)
     EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port)
     file transfers
     IEEE 1284 standard
     linking systems with
     parallel-to-SCSI converters
     pinouts
     standard parallel ports
     Super I/O chips
     testing
     upgrading
parallel track path (PTP),
parallel-to-SCSI converters,
parameter limitations (CHS),
parameter translation [See translation.]
PARD (Periodic and Random Deviation),
parity
     block data with
     dial-up modems
     errors
     parity bits
     parity checking
         chipset support
         disabling
         fake parity modules
         NMIs (nonmaskable interrupts)
         odd parity
         parity bits
         parity-check messages
     PI (parity inner) bytes
     PO (parity outer) bytes
     striping with
parity inner (PI) bytes,
parity outer (PO) bytes,
parity-check messages,
Parkinson, Cyril Northcote,
Parkinson's Law,
part numbers (ROM),
     EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable ROM)
     EPROM (erasable programmable ROM)
     PROM (programmable ROM)
Partial CAV (constant angular velocity),
Partial-Response, Maximum-Likelihood (PRML),
Partition Commander,
partitioning hard disk drives, 2nd
     advantages of
     aftermarket utilities
     Disk Management
     FAT (file allocation table)
     FAT32 (file allocation table, 32-bit)
     FDISK
         drive letter assignments
         FAT32 volumes
         large hard disk support
         limitations
     NTFS (Windows NT File System)
PartitionMagic,
parts grabbers, 2nd
Pascal, Blaise, 2nd
Pascaline digital adding machine,
passive backplane systems,
passive heatsinks, 2nd
passive PFC (power factor correction),
passive preventative maintenance,
     dust
     heating and cooling
     operating environment
     pollutants
     power cycling
     power-line noise
     RFI (radio-frequency interference)
     static electricity
Passive Release setting (BIOS),
passive-matrix LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors,
passwords
     BIOS Setup
     bypassing
PATA (Parallel ATA), 2nd
patents,
PC 2001 System Design Guide,
PC Card,
PC design guides,
PC Health setting (BIOS),
PC Power and Cooling, Inc.
     425W power supply
     contact information
     power supplies
PC System Design Guides,
PC/XT-class (extended PC) systems,
     bus designs
     compared to AT-class systems
     expansion slots
     power supply
PC133 memory, 2nd
PC99 Design Guide website,
PCA (power calibration area),
PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses, 2nd
     adapter cards
     APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller)
     bandwidth
     BIOS PCI Configuration menu
     board configurations
     bus types
     interrupts
     modems
     PCI-Express 2nd 3rd 4th
     PCI-X buses
     specifications
PCI Configuration menu (BIOS),
PCI-Express, 2nd 3rd 4th
PCI-X buses,
PCKeyboard.com,
PCM Upstream,
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association),
PDP-8 computer,
peak inrush currents,
peer-to-peer networks,
Pentium 4 processors,
     chipsets
         Aladdin P4 (M1671)
         Apollo P4X266 family
         Apollo P4X400
         Apollo P4X400A
         Apollo P4X533
         ATI chipsets
         I/O controller hub chips for Pentium 4 chipsets
         ICH5
         ICH5R
         Intel 845 family
         Intel 848P
         Intel 850 family
         Intel 865 family
         Intel 875P
         Intel 915
         Intel 925X
         Intel 925XE
         Intel 945 Express family
         Intel 955X family
         Intel 975X family
         Intel Extreme Graphics Architecture
         M1681/M1663
         M1685
         ProSavage P4M266
         PT800/PM800/PT880/PM880
         PT880 Ultra/PT894/PT894 Pro
         SiS 649/SiS649FX
         SiS 661GX/SiS661FX
         SiS chipset reference table
         SiS645/645DX
         SiS648/648FX
         SiS650/651
         SiS655/655FX/655TX
         SiS656
         SiSR658/R659
         ULi chipsets
         vendors
         VIA chipsets
     heatsinks
     maximum installable memory
     memory requirements
     Pentium 4 (Socket 775) processors
     Pentium 4 Extreme Edition
     Pentium 4 Prescott
     Pentium 4 SYSmark 2002 ratings
     Pentium 4 SYSmark 2004 ratings
     power supply issues
     specifications 2nd
     steppings 2nd 3rd
Pentium D processors, 2nd 3rd
Pentium Extreme Edition processors,
Pentium II processors, 2nd
     cache
     chipsets 2nd
         Aladdin Pro 4
         Aladdin Pro 5
         Aladdin Pro II
         Aladdin TNT2
         Intel 810
         Intel 810E
         Intel 810E2
         Intel 815
         Intel 815E
         Intel 815EP
         Intel 820
         Intel 820E
         Intel 840
         reference table
         SiS chipsets
         VIA chipsets
     DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd 3rd
     die sizes
     dynamic execution 2nd 3rd
     heating/cooling issues
     iCOMP 2.0 index ratings 2nd
     iCOMP 3.0 index ratings
     installation
     instruction execution
     Level 1 cache
     Level 2 cache
     maximum installable memory
     MMX technology
     Mobile Module
     multiprocessing
     power usage
     processor ID information 2nd
     running 32-bit software
     SEC (single edge contact) packaging 2nd
     SEP (single edge processor) packaging
     socket specifications
     specifications
     speeds
     transistors
     voltage ID definitions
Pentium II/III Xeon processors,
Pentium III processors,
     architectural features
     chipsets 2nd
         Aladdin Pro 4
         Aladdin Pro 5
         Aladdin Pro II
         Aladdin TNT2
         Intel 810
         Intel 810E
         Intel 810E2
         Intel 815
         Intel 815E
         Intel 815EP
         Intel 820
         Intel 820E
         Intel 840
         reference table
         SiS chipsets
         VIA chipsets
     DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
     dynamic execution
     iCOMP 3.0 index ratings
     ID markings
     instruction execution
     Level 2 cache
     maximum installable memory
     overclocking
     running 32-bit software
     SEC (single edge contact) packaging
     SECC2 (single edge contact cartridge 2) packaging 2nd
     SEP (single edge processor) packaging
     socket specifications
     SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions)
     variations
Pentium Overdrive processors, 2nd
Pentium Pro processors,
     cache
     chipsets
         Aladdin Pro 4
         Aladdin Pro 5
         Aladdin Pro II
         Aladdin TNT2
         Intel 810
         Intel 810E
         Intel 810E2
         Intel 815
         Intel 815E
         Intel 815EP
         Intel 820
         Intel 820E
         Intel 840
         reference table 2nd
         SiS chipsets
         VIA chipsets
     DIB (dual independent bus) architecture 2nd
     Dual Cavity PGA packaging
     dynamic execution 2nd
     iCOMP 2.0 index ratings
     instruction execution
     integrated L2 cache
     maximum installable memory
     MCM (multichip module)
     running 32-bit software
     socket specifications
     specifications
     speeds
     SPGA (staggered pin grid array) packaging
     transistors
     VID (voltage identification) pins
Pentium processors, [See also Pentium II processors,; Pentium II/III Xeon processors,; Pentium 4 processors,; Pentium-MMX processors,; Pentium Pro processors,.]
     address bus width
     addressable memory
     BiCMOS
     BTB (branch target buffer)
     bus widths
     cache
     chipsets
     DIMM width
     first-generation
     iCOMP 2.0 index ratings
     instruction processing
     math coprocessors 2nd
     maximum installable memory
     MMX (multimedia extensions)
     OverDrive processors 2nd
     packaging
     power management bugs
     second-generation
     SIMM width
     socket specifications
     specifications
     SPGA (staggered pin grid array) packaging
     SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions)
     steppings
     superscalar architecture
     twin data pipelines
     voltages 2nd
Pentium-compatible processors [See also Athlon processors,; Duron processors.]
     AMD-K6
         3DNow! technology
         BIOS support
         future developments
         motherboard compatibility
         multiplier settings
         specifications
         technical features
         voltage
     Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX
     NexGen Nx586
     Sempron (Socket A)
     VIA C3
Pentium-MMX processors,
     clock speeds
     iCOMP 2.0 index ratings
     SIMD
     steppings
     voltages 2nd
performance optimization [See also heating/cooling issues.]
     56Kbps modems
     ATA (AT Attachment)
     cable modems
     CATV networks
     CD/DVD drive standards and specifications
         access times
         buffers/cache
         CPU utilization
         data transfer rates
         DMA (Direct Memory Access)
     hard disk drives
         access times
         average seek times
         cache controllers
         cache programs
         interleave
         latency
         reliability
         transfer rates
     memory
         clock speeds
         cycle times
         DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
         DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
         interleaving
         latency
         memory bus bandwidth
         MHz (megahertz)
         module speeds
         nanoseconds
         processor bus bandwidth
         RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
         SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)
     overclocking
         bus speeds and multipliers
         defined
         history of
         modern PC clocks
         overclocking tips
         quartz crystals
     software
     wireless input devices
Performance Ratings [See P-Ratings (Performance Ratings).]
Performance tab (Display Control Panel),
Periodic and Random Deviation (PARD),
Peripheral Configuration menu (BIOS),
Peripheral Connect Interface buses [See PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses,.]
peripheral diagnostics software,
peripheral power connectors,
peripherals [See input devices.]
perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), 2nd
persistence,
Personal Computer (IBM),
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association,
perspective correction,
PFA (Predictive Failure Analysis),
PFC (power factor correction),
PGA (pin grid array),
PGA-370 sockets, 2nd
phantom directories,
Phase Alternate Line (PAL),
phase-change material,
phase-shift keying (PSK),
Philips Electronics
     CD-ROM design and development
     contact information
     sound cards
Phillips-head screws,
Phoenix Technologies,
     FirstBIOS
         POST (power on self test) error codes
         POST (power on self test) onscreen messages
     ROM BIOS
         Phoenix BIOS 5.x and earlier
         Phoenix BIOS 6.x and later
     website
phone line surge protectors,
phosphor triads,
Photo CD discs,
photolithography,
photoresist coating,
physical address extension (PAE),
physical formatting [See low-level formatting,.]
physical installation [See installation.]
PI (parity inner) bytes,
piezoelectricity,
pin grid array (PGA),
pinouts
     8-bit ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) buses
     ATA (AT Attachment)
         40-pin connectors
         50-pin connectors
     DIMMs (dual inline memory modules)
         168-pin DIMMs
         184-pin DIMMs
         240-pin DDR2 DIMMs
         SPD (serial presence detect)
     EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) buses
     floppy disk drive connectors
     interrupt assignments
     motherboard connectors
         alternative single-row front panel connector pinouts
         ATAPI-style line-in connectors
         battery connectors
         CD audio connectors
         chassis intrusion connectors
         front panel audio connector pinouts
         front panel IEEE 1394 (FireWire/i.LINK) connector pinouts
         front panel switch/LED connector pinouts
         infrared data front panel connector pinouts
         LED and keylock connectors
         microprocessor fan power connectors
         power LED indications
         speaker connectors
         telephony connectors
         Wake on LAN connectors
         Wake on Ring connectors
     parallel ports
     power connectors
         4-pin +12V power connectors
         AT/LPX
         ATX auxiliary power connectors
         ATX main power connectors
         ATX/ATX12V 1.x main power connectors
         ATX/ATX12V 1.x Mini-Fit Jr.
         ATX12V 2.x 24-pin
         Dell proprietary ATX connectors
         floppy drive power connectors
         PCI Express x16 Graphics Power connectors
         peripheral power connectors
     RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules)
     SATA (Serial ATA)
     SIMMs (single inline memory modules)
         presence detect pin configurations
         standard 72-pin pinout
     Socket 7
     SVGA (Super VGA) video adapters
     USB (universal serial bus) connectors
PIO (Programmed I/O) modes,
pipeline burst mode,
pipelines,
pipes (heat),
pitch,
pits
     CD-ROMs
     DVD discs
     DVD drives
pixels, 2nd
pixie dust technology,
planars [See motherboards,.]
plasma displays,
plastic land grid array (PLGA) packaging,
plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC),
plastic pin grid array (PPGA) package,
plated thin-film recording media,
platters, 2nd
players, CD-i,
playing games [See game playing.]
PLCC (plastic leaded chip carrier),
Plextor,
PLGA (plastic land grid array) packaging,
pliers,
Plug and Play [See PnP (Plug and Play).]
Plus Development Division (Quantum),
PM800 chipsets,
PM880 chipsets,
PMA (power memory area),
PMR (perpendicular magnetic recording), 2nd
PnP (Plug and Play)
     BIOS 2nd 3rd
     hardware component
     operating system component
     USB (universal serial bus)
PnP Configuration menu (BIOS),
PO (parity outer) bytes,
pocket size DMMs (digital multimeters),
point of presence (PoP),
point-to-point topology,
pointing devices
     Accupoint
     alternatives to
         Ergonomic Mouse
         GlidePoint
         trackballs
     buying tips
     gaming devices
         compatibility issues
         joysticks
         USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports
     mouse devices
         ball-driven mouse
         buttons
         cables
         cleaning
         components
         cordless
         defined
         device drivers
         Ergonomic Mouse
         history of
         hybrid mouse
         IntelliMouse Explorer
         manufacturers
         optical mouse
         opto-mechanical mechanism
         PS/2 mouse interfaces
         scroll wheels
         Scrollpoint Pro
         serial interfaces
         troubleshooting
         USB (Universal Serial Bus)
     trackballs
     TrackPoint
     wireless
         Bluetooth
         IR (infrared)
         performance issues
         power management
         proprietary radio frequency
         troubleshooting
polarizing filters (LCDs),
pollutants,
PoP (point of presence),
portable keyboards,
Portfolio Photo CD discs,
ports
     addresses
         bus-based device port addresses
         chipset-based device port addresses
         motherboard-based device port addresses
     ATX motherboards
     buying tips
     COM
         mouse interrupt conflicts
         serial mouse connections
     disk controller I/O port commands
     hub ports
     IEEE 1394
         1394a standard
         1394b standard
         advantages of
         cables
         chipsets
         compared to USB
         device connections
         hot-plugging
         signaling rates
         topology
     motherboard mouse port (PS/2)
     parallel ports
         bidirectional parallel ports
         configuration
         DCC (Direct Cable Connection)
         ECP (Enhanced Capabilities Port)
         EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port)
         file transfers
         IEEE 1284 standard
         linking systems with
         parallel-to-SCSI converters
         pinouts
         standard parallel ports
         Super I/O chips
         testing
         upgrading
     removable-media drives
     switch ports
     USB (universal serial bus)
         adapters
         advantages of
         cables
         compared to IEEE 1394
         configuration
         connectors 2nd
         drivers
         enabling
         file transfers
         functions
         game ports
         high-speed serial port cards
         hubs
         IRQs (interrupt requests)
         keyboards
         legacy-free PCs
         linking systems with
         locations
         multi-I/O cards
         NRZI (non-return to zero) data encoding
         null modem cables
         onboard USB ports
         PnP (Plug and Play)
         self-identifying peripherals
         shared interrupts
         speed
         Super I/O chips
         support for
         testing
         UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) chips
         USB 2.0
         USB Legacy support
         USB On-The-Go
         USBready
positional audio,
positive DC voltages,
positive-pressure-ventilation design,
POST (power on self test), 2nd
     audio error codes
         AMI BIOS
         Award BIOS/Phoenix FirstBIOS
         IBM BIOS
         Phoenix BIOS
     checkpoint codes
     diagnostic services
     error display
     fatal erros
     memory count
     onscreen messages
         Award BIOS/Phoenix FirstBIOS
         IBM BIOS
     troubleshooting
POST INDEX GAP sector data,
power calibration area (PCA),
power connectors
     AT
     ATX main power connectors
     ATX/ATX12V 1.x
         20-pin main power connectors
         4-pin +12V power connectors
         6-pin auxiliary power connectors
         maximum power-handling capabilities
         Molex Mini-Fit Jr. power connectors
         multiple motherboard power connectors
     ATX12V 2.x 24-pin
     backward/forward compatibility
     Dell proprietary ATX design
     floppy disk drives
     floppy power connectors
     hard disk drives
     installation
     PCI Express x16 Graphics Power connectors
     peripheral power connectors
     power switch connectors
         color coding
         front panel motherboard-controlled switches
         front panel power supply AC switches
         integral power supply AC switches
     SATA (Serial ATA)
     SATA power connectors
power cycling, 2nd
power factor correction (PFC),
power LED indications,
power management
     ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
     APM (Advanced Power Management)
     desktop systems
     Energy Star systems
     monitors
     portable systems
     wireless input devices
power memory area (PMA),
Power menu (BIOS),
power on self test [See POST (power on self test),.]
power supply [See also power connectors.]
     +12V power sources
     +3.3V power sources
     +5V power sources
     -12V power sources
     -5V power sources
     425W (PC Power and Cooling)
     AMD K5 processors
     backup power
     batteries
         replacing
         RTC/NVRAM
     BIOS Power menu
     choosing
     connecting
     constant voltage
     defined
     efficiency
     ESD (electrostatic discharge) 2nd 3rd 4th
     FlexATX motherboards
     floppy power connectors
     form factors
         AT/Desktop
         AT/Tower
         ATX/ATX12V 2nd
         Baby-AT
         CFX12V
         EPS/EPS12V
         industry standards 2nd
         LFX12V
         LPX
         PC/XT
         proprietary standards
         SFX/SFX12V
         table of
         TFX12V
     grounded outlets
     hold-up time
     importance of
     input range
     line regulation
     linear design
     loads 2nd
     manufacturers
     MTBF (mean time between failures)
     MTTF (mean time to failure)
     negative DC voltages
     outlet/receptacle testers
     output ratings
     overloading 2nd
     overvoltage protection
     PARD (Periodic and Random Deviation)
     peak inrush current
     Pentium 4 issues
     Pentium-MMX processors
     peripheral power connectors
     PFC (power factor correction)
     positive DC voltages
     power cycling
     power management
         ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
         APM (Advanced Power Management)
         desktop systems
         Energy Star systems
         portable systems
         SMM (system management mode)
         wireless input devices
     power-protection systems
         backup power
         built-in power protection
         line conditioners
         phone line surge protectors
         surge protectors
     power-use calculations
         example
         floppy disk drives
         hard disk drives
         motherboards
     Power_Good signal
     powering off/on
         electrical costs
         thermal shock
     preventative maintenance
         power cycling
         power-line noise
         static electricity
     processor operating voltages 2nd
         Am5x86(TM)-P75 processor
         AMD-K6 processors
         dual-plane power design
         Pentium II processors 2nd
         Pentium processors 2nd
         setting
         single-plane power design
         Socket 7 processors
         VID (voltage identification)
         VRT (voltage reduction technology)
     protective features
     repairing
     replacing
     ripple
     safety certifications
     SATA power connectors
     soft-power feature
     switching design 2nd
     test equipment
         back probing
         digital infrared thermometers
         DMMs (digital multimeters)
         variable voltage transformers
     transient response
     troubleshooting 2nd
         diagnostic procedures
         inadequate cooling
         overloaded power supply
     universal power supplies
     video monitor energy-saving features
         emission
         power management
     voltage measurements
     voltage regulators
power switch connectors
     color coding
     front panel motherboard-controlled switches
     front panel power supply AC switches
     integral power supply AC switches
power-line noise,
power-protection systems
     backup power
     built-in power protection
     line conditioners
     phone line surge protectors
     surge protectors
Power_Good signal,
Power_OK signal,
PowerDVD5.x,
powerline networking,
PowerQuest
     contact information
     PartitionMagic
PPGA (plastic pin grid array) packaging,
PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface),
PR scale [See P-Ratings (Performance Ratings).]
PrairieTek,
pre-grooves,
PRE-INDEX GAP sector data,
preboot environment,
Predictive Failure Analysis (PFA),
prefixes (binary multiples), 2nd
presence detect pin configurations (SIMMs),
Press ESC to skip memory test (error message),
Press TAB to show POST screen (error message),
preventative maintenance
     active
     active/passive
     cleaning
         boards
         brushes
         chemical-freeze sprays
         cleaning supply companies
         compressed air
         connectors
         contact cleaners/lubricants
         contacts
         disassembly
         disassembly and cleaning tools
         erasers
         keyboards
         mouse devices
         silicone lubricants
         standard chemical cleaners
         swabs
         vacuum cleaners
     dust
     hard disk drives
         file defragmentation
         Maintenance Wizard
         virus checking
     heating and cooling
     operating environment
     pollutants
     power cycling
     power-line noise
     reseating socketed chips
     RFI (radio-frequency interference)
     static electricity
     system backups
     System Restore
     tool/supply vendors
preventing resource conflicts,
PRI (primary rate interface),
Primary master hard disk fail (error message),
primary monitors,
primary rate interface (PRI),
Primary slave hard disk fail (error message),
primitives,
printable surface media (CD-R),
PRML (Partial-Response, Maximum-Likelihood),
probe leads,
probes, logic,
processor complex,
processor ducts,
     effects of
     installing
     placement
processor fakes,
processor remarking,
processors, [See also specific processors (i.e. Athlon processors, Pentium processors).]
     "boxed" processors
     bugs
     buying tips
     codenames
     dual-core processors 2nd 3rd 4th
         advantages of
         AMD Athlon 64 X2
         AMD dual-core Opteron
         Intel Extreme Edition
         Intel Pentium D
     dynamic execution
     Enhanced 3DNow!
     history of 2nd
     HT (Hyper-Threading) Technology
     installation
     manufacturing
         .09 micron manufacturing
         .13 micron manufacturing
         bonding
         Celeron processors
         coppermine
         dies
         doping
         metallization layers
         overclocking protection
         photolitography
         processor fakes
         processor remarking
         silicon
         silicon on insulator (SOI)
         steppers
         test process
         wafers 2nd
         yields
     math coprocessors
     modes
         IA-32 mode
         IA-32 virtual real mode
         IA-32e 64-bit extension mode
         protected
         real
         real mode
     packaging
         BBUL (bumpless build-up layer)
         FC-PGA (flip-chip pin grid array)
         PGA (pin grid array)
         PLGA (plastic land grid array)
         SEC (single edge contact)
         SECC2 (single edge contact cartridge 2)
         SEP (single edge processor)
         SPGA (staggered pin grid array)
         TCP (tape carrier packaging)
     processor complex
     processor ducts
         effects of
         installing
         placement
     reprogrammable microcode
     superscalar execution
     testing
     troubleshooting 2nd
     upgrading
Professional 3DNow!,
program area (CD-ROMs),
Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI),
programmable ROM [See PROM (programmable ROM).]
Programmed I/O (PIO) modes,
Programmer's Guide to the AMIBIOS,
projectors
     DLP projectors
     LCD (liquid crystal display) projectors
PROM (programmable ROM)
     burning
     cost
     custom programming
     EEPROM (erasable programmable ROM)
         flash ROM recovery
         upgrading
         write protection
     EPROM (erasable programmable ROM)
     gang programmers
     OTP (one-time programmable) chips
     part numbers
proprietary modem standards,
proprietary power supply designs,
proprietary radio frequency input devices,
proprietary Travan tape drives,
proprietary-design motherboards,
     backplane systems
         active
         passive
     upgrading
ProSavage KM133 chipsets,
ProSavage KM266 chipsets,
ProSavage P4M266 chipsets,
protected mode,
     486DX processors
     80286 processors
     80386 processors
protective coating (CD-ROMs),
protocols,
     defined
     Ethernet [See also wireless networks,.]
         cables
         defined
         Fast Ethernet
         Gigabit Ethernet
         hubs 2nd
         network adapter connectors
         switches 2nd
         Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) 2nd
     full-duplex protocols
     half-duplex protocols
     importance of
     IP (Internet Protocol)
     IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange)
     MNP (Microm Network Protocol) 2nd
     NetBEUI
     RRIP (Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol)
     TCP/IP
         broadband settings
         dial-up networking
         troubleshooting
     Token-Ring
proxy servers,
PS/2 Mouse Function Control setting (BIOS),
PS/2 power supply,
PS/2 Y adapters,
PS_ON signal, 2nd
PSK (phase-shift keying),
PT800 chipsets,
PT880 chipsets,
PT880 Ultra chipsets,
PT894 chipsets,
PT894 Pro chipsets,
PTP (parallel track path),
pulsers,
punch-card systems,
purchasing [See buying tips.]
pure mechanical keyswitches,
Purple Book standard (video CDs),
PWR_OK signal,