Chapter 16: Commands under Windows

SAS Commands under Windows

During an interactive SAS session, you can issue commands from the command bar, from the command line within a SAS window, from the keyboard, or from the toolbar. SAS supports many commands that help you to navigate your session and accomplish certain tasks . In many cases, the command is simply another way to invoke an action that you can also accomplish by using the SAS menus and windows. However, advanced users might find the supported commands to be a more efficient way to work. Commands provide a more flexible way to accomplish a task if the parameters of your task are different from what the SAS interface supports.

Most SAS windowing environment commands are described in the SAS Help and Documentation. The commands that are described here have syntax or behavior that is specific to the Windows operating environment.

For more information about issuing commands, see Issuing SAS Commands on page 38.

Commands Not Supported in the Windows Operating Environment

The following SAS commands are not supported under Windows:

PCLEAR

PLIST

SCROLLBAR

SMARK

WDRAG

WGROW

WMOVE

WSHRINK

These commands are not supported under Windows because it is more efficient to use Windows features. For example, the SCROLLBAR command and window sizing commands are not needed in the Windows operating environment as scrollbars and window sizing bars are an integral part of the graphical user interface.

AUTOSCROLL Command

Controls how often the Log and Output windows scroll to display output

Windows specifics: default values

Syntax

AUTOSCROLL < number-of-lines PAGE MAX>

Details

Under Windows, the default value for the AUTOSCROLL command in the OUTPUT window is 0 (meaning that no output is written to that window while statements are executing, which provides the best performance). The default value for the LOG window is half the number of lines of the LOG window when SAS is started.

Scrolling can increase the length of time that SAS takes to run your program. The less scrolling that the LOG and OUTPUT windows have to do, the faster that your program will run.

You can also set scrolling options in the Preferences dialog box Advanced page.

AWSMAXIMIZE Command

Maximizes the main SAS window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

AWSMAXIMIZE <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the main SAS window between the maximized and the restored state.

maximizes the main SAS window. This option has the same effect as clicking on the maximize button.

OFF

restores the main SAS window to its previous state.

Details

The AWSMAXIMIZE command allows you to enlarge the main SAS window to use the complete Windows desktop.

AWSMINIMIZE Command

Minimizes the main SAS window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

AWSMINIMIZE <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the main SAS window between the minimized and the restored state.

minimizes the main SAS window. This option has the same effect as clicking on the minimize button.

OFF

restores the main SAS window to its previous state.

AWSRESTORE Command

Restores the main SAS window to its previous state

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

AWSRESTORE <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the main SAS window between the maximized and the restored state.

restores the main SAS window to its previous state. This option has the same effect as selecting Restore from the main SAS window s title bar menu.

OFF

restores the main SAS window to its default state.

Details

You can use either the AWSRESTORE command or the AWSMAXIMIZE command to toggle the main SAS window between maximized and its previous state.

CAPS Command

Causes characters to be translated to uppercase

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

CAPS

Details

The CAPS command changes the case for text not yet entered or for text modified in a window.

Under Windows, characters are translated to uppercase when you move the cursor off the line or when you press ENTER.

COLOR Command

Controls the color of window components

Windows specifics: affected window components

Syntax

COLOR field-type < color NEXT < highlight >>

field-type

specifies the area of the window or the type of text whose color is to be changed.

color

specifies a color for the window or for selected portions of the window.

NEXT

changes the color to the next available color. The value of NEXT is based on the most recent color entered. The order of the colors depends on your monitor.

highlight

specifies the highlighting attribute.

Details

Under Windows, you cannot use the COLOR command to change the colors of the following display components: border, menu bar, pop-up menu background, and title bar. Use the Windows Control Panel to change the colors of these display components.

In addition, the HIGHLIGHT and BLINK highlight attributes are not supported for any Windows window component.

COMMAND Command

Sets the options for the command bar

Windows specifics: valid options

Syntax

COMMAND <<WINDOW < title > BAR

< SORT =MCUMRU><FOCUS><MAX= max-commands ><AUTOCOMPLETE NOAUTOCOMPLETE>> CLOSE>

no arguments

toggles the command line on and off for the active window.

WINDOW <" title ">

specifies to display the command bar as a separate window that can be moved anywhere on the desktop. The " title " argument is optional and must be enclosed in double quotes. When you specify title , the command window appears with title as the title.

BAR

specifies to display the command bar in a stationary location, underneath the menu bar.

SORT=MCUMRU

specifies how you want SAS to sort the commands in the command bar drop-down list. You can sort commands in the order that you most commonly use them (MCU) or that you most recently used them (MRU).

You must specify the WINDOW or BAR argument in the command before specifying the SORT argument.

FOCUS

specifies to place the window focus in the command bar.

MAX= max-commands

specifies the maximum number of commands to remember in the command bar drop- down list. Valid values are 0 through 50.

You must specify the WINDOW or BAR argument in the command before specifying the MAX argument.

AUTOCOMPLETE NOAUTOCOMPLETE

specifies whether the command bar attempts to match the command that is being typed with commands that were previously typed.

You must specify the WINDOW or BAR argument in the command before specifying the SORT argument.

CLOSE

specifies to close the command bar.

Details

You can set some of these options by using the Customize Tools dialog box. However, you can specify a title for the Command window only by using this command.

If you issue COMMAND FOCUS when the command bar is closed

The command bar is opened in the state that it was in before it was closed, either docked to the main SAS window or undocked as a separate window.
The window focus is placed in the command bar.

CUT Command

Cuts selected text from a window

Windows specifics: supported options

Syntax

CUT <LAST ALL>

LAST

cuts the most recently marked text and unmarks all other marks when more than one area of text is marked . To cut one area of text when more than one mark exists, you must use either the LAST or the ALL argument.

ALL

cuts all current marks when more than one area of text is marked.

Details

The CUT command removes marked text from the current window and stores it in the Windows clipboard.

Under Windows, the APPEND and BUFFER= options are not supported for the CUT command.

DLGABOUT Command

Opens the About SAS System dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGABOUT

Details

To access the About SAS System dialog box from the pull-down menus, select the Help menu and then select About SAS System .

DLGCDIR Command

Opens the Change Folder dialog

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGCDIR

Details

From the Change Folder dialog, you can select a new working folder.

DLGCOLUMNSIZE Command

Opens the Columns Settings dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGCOLUMNSIZE

Details

When a SAS window contains a List view with details, you can specify the size of a column in pixels using the Columns Settings dialog box. An example of a window that can be a List view is the SAS Explorer window.

DLGCOLUMNSORT Command

Opens the Sort Columns dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGCOLUMNSORT

Details

When a SAS window contains a List view, you can sort the columns using the Sort Columns dialog box. An example of a window that can be a List view is the SAS Explorer window.

DLGCONVERT Command

Opens the Convert dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGCONVERT

Details

You can use this command from the SAS/AF BUILD window with an OLE object selected. The Convert dialog box lets you convert the selected OLE object from one type to another, with the available types depending on what the OLE server application supports for that object.

DLGENDR Command

Opens the Exit dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGENDR

Details

The Exit dialog box prompts you to confirm that you want to exit SAS. If you select OK in the dialog box, the SAS session ends. If Confirm exit is not selected in the Preferences dialog box General tabbed page, SAS closes when you enter the DLGENDR command.

DLGFIND Command

Opens the Find dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGFIND

Details

The Find dialog box allows you to search for text strings.

DLGFONT Command

Opens the Fonts dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGFONT

Details

The Fonts Selection dialog box allows you to dynamically change the SAS windowing environment font.

DLGLIB Command

Opens the Libraries dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGLIB

Details

The Libraries dialog box lets you define or modify SAS libraries. The DLGLIB command is supported for compatibility with previous releases.

You can use the SAS Explorer window to browse or assign SAS libraries.

DLGLINKS Command

Opens the Links dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGLINKS

Details

The DLGLINKS command opens the Links dialog box, allowing you to update a linked object.

DLGOPEN Command

Opens the Open dialog box for the default editor

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGOPEN <LONGFILTER= filters FILTER= filters <REPLACE> ><SUBMIT NOSUBMIT> <IMPORT> <VERIFY> <ALTCMD= command >

no arguments

opens the Open dialog box with the default settings

LONGFILTER= filters FILTER= filters

LONGFILTER= filters specifies one or more file filters to use as search criteria for displaying files in the Open dialog box. The first filter in the argument list is the default filter and is used as the search criteria. All of the filters in the argument list are added to the list of filters in the Files of type: combo box. To search for additional file types, you would select another filter from the Files of type: combo box.

You must enclose the filter list in double quotation marks. Note that you can specify long file names that include spaces and single quotes. Separate each filter that you specify with a vertical bar (). For example, if you specify
```
 dlgopen longfilter="*.text*.Bobs work*.*XX" 
```
the dialog box displays all files in the current folder that have .text as their file extension, and the dialog box adds *.text, *.Bob s work and *.XX to the Files of type: combo box.

Note: When you are using the DLGOPEN command in the DM statement, do not use single quotation marks as part of a longfilter. The DM statement requires single quotation marks around the command it submits. A single quotation mark in the longfilter indicates to the DM statement the end of the command.

FILTER= filters specifies one or more file filters to use as search criteria for displaying files in the Open dialog box. The first filter in the argument list is the default filter and is used as the search criteria. All of the filters in the argument list are added to the list of filters in the Files of type: combo box. To search for additional file types, you would select another filter from the Files of type: combo box. You must enclose the filter list quotation marks. Separate multiple lists with a space. For example, if you specify
```
 dlgopen filter=*.bak *.txt 
```
the dialog box displays all files in the current folder that have a .BAK file extension, and adds both *.BAK and *.TXT to the Files of Type: combo box.

Note: The difference between LONGFILTER= filters and FILTER= filters is the use of spaces and quotation marks. Use LONGFILTER= filters if filters contain spaces and single quotation marks. If you use FILTER= filters , filters cannot contain spaces and single quotation marks.

REPLACE

replaces the filter list with the specified filters instead of concatenating the list with the default filters. This option is valid only when you specify the LONGFILTER= or FILTER= argument as well. For example, the command
```
 dlgopen longfilter="*.txt" replace 
```
will load the Files of type: box with the *.TXT specification (instead of the default file types).

SUBMIT NOSUBMIT

specifies whether the Submit check box is checked when the dialog box opens. By default, the Submit check box (which indicates that the contents of the opened file should be immediately submitted as a SAS program) is not checked. To automatically submit a file when it is opened, select Submit contents of file opened from the Preferences dialog box General page.

IMPORT

invokes the Import dialog box, allowing you to import graphics files into your SAS session. For more information on importing graphics, see Importing a Graphics File from within a SAS/GRAPH Window on page 188.

VERIFY

verifies whether the active window contains a File pull-down menu with an Open item. If it does, the Open dialog box invokes the Open item command instead of invoking the default INCLUDE command.

The VERIFY argument is not valid when specified with ALTCMD or IMPORT.

ALTCMD= command

specifies a command to be applied to the file that is selected from the Open dialog box. For example, the command
```
 dlgopen altcmd='x' longfilter="*.bat" 
```
allows you to select a DOS batch file, which is then run in a DOS shell. The INCLUDE command is the default command.

Details

The Open dialog box enables you to open files in the default editor. The default editor is determined from the Use Enhanced Editor option on the Preferences dialog box Edit tabbed page. If this option is selected, the Enhanced Editor is the default editor. Otherwise, the Program Editor is the default editor.

To access the Open dialog box from the pull-down menus, select the File menu and then select Open .

DLGPAGESETUP Command

Opens the Page Setup dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGPAGESETUP

Details

The Page Setup dialog box allows you to define page attributes such as paper size, source, orientation, and margins.

DLGPREF Command

Opens the Preferences dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGPREF

Details

The Preferences dialog box allows you to configure your SAS session to accommodate the way that you like to work.

DLGPRT Command

Opens the Print dialog

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGPRT <NOSOURCE ACTIVEBITMAP SCREENBITMAP AWSBITMAP CLIPBITMAP CLIPTEXT ALTCMD= command BITMAPONLY NODISPLAY VERIFY>

no argument

prints the active window with the default print settings.

ACTIVEBITMAP

suppresses the Print dialog box and prints the active window as a bitmap.

ALTCMD= command

uses the Print dialog box to issue a command other than PRINT.

AWSBITMAP

suppresses the Print dialog box and prints the main SAS window as a bitmap.

BITMAPONLY

allows only bitmap printing from the Print dialog box.

CLIPBITMAP

suppresses the Print dialog box and prints the contents of the Windows clipboard as a bitmap.

CLIPTEXT

suppresses the Print dialog box and prints the contents of the Windows clipboard as text.

NODISPLAY

suppresses the Print dialog box and prints using the default settings.

NOSOURCE

prevents the user from specifying a source (application window) from which to print.

SCREENBITMAP

suppresses the Print dialog box and prints the entire screen as a bitmap.

VERIFY

checks to see if the active application window supports text printing (that is, whether the File pull-down menu contains a Print item). If it does not, the Print dialog box allows only bitmap printing.

Details

The Print dialog box allows you to print the contents of the active window.

DLGPRTPREVIEW Command

Invokes the Print Preview window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGPRTPREVIEW <VERIFY>

VERIFY

checks to see if the active application window supports printing (that is, whether the File pull-down menu contains a Print item). If it does not, the Print Preview window will not be displayed. You can still print these windows as bitmaps. Preview the output by issuing the DLGPRT VERIFY command and then clicking Preview .

Details

Not all SAS application windows support the Print Preview feature.

DLGPRTSETUP Command

Opens the Print Setup dialog box or programmatically sets printer settings

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGPRTSETUP < ORIENT =PORTRAIT LANDSCAPE > <NODISPLAY>

ORIENT=PORTRAIT LANDSCAPE

sets the default page orientation for the current printer. The orient parameter is to support backward compatibility of SAS. The preferred method to specify the orientation is with the ORIENTATION system option.

NODISPLAY

suppresses the display of the Print Setup dialog box. This option is intended to be used only when you use other options to explicitly set printer settings.

Details

The Print Setup dialog box allows you to name the printer to which you want to print, specify that you want to use SAS forms to print, and to access dialog boxes that control how SAS prints information, such as paper orientation, margins, and fonts.

DLGREPLACE Command

Opens the Replace dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGREPLACE

Details

The Replace dialog box allows you to find a text string and replace it with another text string.

DLGRUN Command

Opens the Run dialog

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGRUN

Details

The Run dialog box allows you to start another application from within SAS. For example, if you typed excel.exe in the Command line: field of the Run dialog box, Microsoft Excel would open.

DLGSAVE Command

Opens the Save As dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGSAVE <LONGFILTER= filters FILTER= ˜ filters <REPLACE>> <EXPORT> <NOPROMPT> <VERIFY> <ALTCMD= command >

no arguments

opens the Save As dialog box with the default settings.

LONGFILTER= filters FILTER= ˜ filters

LONGFILTER= filters specifies one or more file filters to use as search criteria for displaying files in the Save as dialog box. The first filter in the argument list is the default filter and is used as the search criteria. All of the filters in the argument list are added to the list of filters in the Files of type: combo box. To search for additional file types, you would select another filter from the Files of type: combo box.

You must enclose the filter in double quotation marks. Note that you can specify long filename extensions that include spaces and single quotes, and each filter that you specify must be separated by a vertical bar (). For example, if you specify
```
 dlgsave longfilter="*.text*.Bobs work*.**XX" 
```
the dialog displays all files in the current folder that have .TEXT as their file extension, and the dialog box adds *.text, *.Bob s work, and *.**XX to the Files of type: combo box.

Note: When you are using the DLGSAVE command in the DM statement, do not use single quotation marks as part of a longfilter. The DM statement requires single quotation marks around the command it submits. A single quotation mark in the longfilter indicates to the DM statement the end of the command.

FILTER= filters specifies one or more file filters to use as search criteria for displaying files in the Open dialog box. The first filter in the argument list is the default filter and is used as the search criteria. All of the filters in the argument list are added to the list of filters in the Files of type: combo box. To search for additional file types, you would select another filter from the Files of type: combo box. You must enclose the filter list in quotation marks. Separate multiple lists with a space. For example, if you specify
```
 dlgsave filter='*.bak *.txt' 
```
the dialog box displays all files in the current folder that have a .BAK file extension, and the dialog adds both *.BAK and *.TXT to the Files of type: combo box.

Note: The difference between LONGFILTER= filters and FILTER= filters is that with LONGFILTER= filters you can use spaces and quotes in the filters, where in FILTER= filters you cannot use spaces and quotes.

REPLACE

replaces the filter list with the specified filters instead of concatenating the list with the default filters. This option is valid only when you specify the LONGFILTER= or FILTER= arguments as well. For example, the command
```
 dlgsave longfilter="*.txt" replace 
```
will load the Files of type: combo box with only the *.TXT specification (instead of the default file types).

EXPORT

invokes the Export dialog box, allowing you to export graphics files from your SAS session. For more information about the Export dialog box, see Exporting Graphics for Use with Other Applications on page 189.

NOPROMPT

does not prompt the user to replace or append an existing file.

VERIFY

verifies whether the active window contains a File pull-down menu with a Save item. If it does, the Save As dialog box invokes the Save item instead of the default FILE command.

The VERIFY argument is not valid when specified with ALTCMD or EXPORT.

ALTCMD= command

specifies the command to be applied to the file that is selected from the Save As dialog box. For example, the command
```
 dlgsave altcmd='prtfile' 
```
sets the file selected from the Save As dialog box as the current print file. The FILE command is the default command.

Details

The Save As dialog box lets you save the contents of the active window to a file. To access the Save As dialog box from the pull-down menus, select the File menu and then select Save As .

DLGSMAIL Command

Opens the Send Mail dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

DLGSMAIL

Details

The DLGSMAIL command opens the e-mail dialog box based on the value of the EMAILDLG system option. If the value of the EMAILDLG option is sas , the DLGSMAIL opens the Send Mail dialog box. If the value of the EMAILDLG option is native , the DLGSMAIL opens the MAPI-compliant e-mail dialog box.

FILE Command

Saves the contents of a window to an external file

Windows specifics: valid options

Syntax

FILE file-specification <ENCODING= encoding-value >< portable-options > < host-options >

file-specification

specifies a valid Windows external file specification, such as a fileref, a file shortcut, a Windows filename that is enclosed in quotation marks, an environment variable, or an unquoted filename that resides in the current directory.

ENCODING= encoding-value

specifies the encoding to use when writing to the output file. The value for ENCODING= indicates that the output file has a different encoding from the current session encoding.

When you write data to the output file, SAS transcodes the data from the session encoding to the specified encoding.

For valid encoding values, see Encoding Values in SAS Language Elements in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide .

portable-options

specifies one or more portable options, which are documented under the FILE command in SAS Help and Documentation.

host-options

BLKSIZE= block-size
BLK= block-size
- specifies the number of bytes that are physically read or written in an I/O operation. The default is 8192. The maximum is 1megabytes.

IGNOREDOSEOF
- is used in the context of I/O operations on variable record format files. When this option is specified, any occurrence of ^Z is interpreted as character data and not as an end-of-file marker.

LRECL= record-length
- specifies the record length (in bytes). Under Windows, the default is 256. The value of record-length can range from 1 to 1,048,576 (1 megabyte).

RECFM= record-format

controls the record format. Under Windows, the following values are valid:

F	indicates fixed format.
N	indicates binary format and causes the file to be treated as a byte stream.
P	indicates print format.
S370V	indicates the variable S370 record format (V).
S370VB	indicates the variable block S370 record format (VB).
S370VBS	indicates the variable block with spanned records S370 record format (VBS).
VD	indicates variable format. This is the default.

Details

The FILE command writes the entire contents of the active window to an external file without removing text from the window.

If you do not specify a file-specification , then SAS uses the filename from the previous FILE or INCLUDE command. In this case, SAS first asks you if you want to overwrite the file. If you have not issued any FILE or INCLUDE commands, you receive an error message indicating no default file exists.

In the Enhanced Editor, if the filename is eight characters or less, the file extension of .SAS is appended to file-specification . No extension is appended for a file-specification longer than eight characters.

FILEOPEN Command

Opens the Open dialog box for the Enhanced Editor or opens a file in the Enhanced Editor

Windows specifics all

Syntax

FILEOPEN < file specification >

file specification

specifies a valid Windows path, filename, and file extension. If the file resides in the current working folder, the path is not required.

Details

The Open dialog box opens if you do not include a file-specification on the FILEOPEN command. If the FILEOPEN command does include a file-specification, the Open dialog box is bypassed and the file opens in the Enhanced Editor. You must include single or double quotation marks around the specified file.

Note: To open a file in the Program Editor, use the DLGOPEN command.

FILL Command

Specifies the fill character

Windows specifics: default character

Syntax

FILL fill-character

fill-character

specifies the character to be used to fill out a line.

Details

The fill characters are placed beginning at the current cursor position. Under Windows, the default fill character is an underscore (_).

GSUBMIT Command

Submits SAS code stored in the Windows clipboard

Windows specifics: valid value for paste-buffer-name

Syntax

GSUBMIT BUF= paste-buffer-name SAS-statement-1;...SAS-statement-n;

Details

Under Windows, if the paste-buffer-name argument is specified, it must be DEFAULT. The Windows clipboard is the default paste buffer.

SAS statements in the Windows clipboard will not be submitted using the GSUBMIT command if a procedure that you submitted using the Enhanced Editor is still running. You can copy the SAS statements to a new Enhanced Editor window and then submit them.

HOME Command

Moves the cursor position from the current position to the home position

Windows specifics: keyboard equivalent

Syntax

HOME

Details

Under Windows, the HOME command is equivalent to the HOME key on your keyboard, which moves your cursor between the last cursor position and the home position in the window. If the Command line displays in the window, the home position is the Command line.

You can also define a function key to execute the CURSOR command, which positions the cursor at the home position in the window but has no toggle effect.

ICON Command

Minimizes the active window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

ICON <ALL>

no argument

specifies that the active window be minimized.

ALL

specifies that all windows except the main SAS window be minimized.

Details

If the window bar is active, the ICON command minimizes windows to the window bar. Otherwise, windows are minimized to the application workspace.

Note: Do not confuse this command with the ICON system option, which minimizes the main SAS window.

INCLUDE Command

Copies lines from an external file into a SAS window

Windows specifics: valid options

Syntax

INCLUDE file-specification <ENCODING= encoding-value >< portable-options > < host-options >

file-specification

specifies a valid Windows external file specification, such as a fileref, a file shortcut, a Windows filename that is enclosed in quotation marks, an environment variable, or an unquoted filename that resides in the current directory.

ENCODING= encoding-value

specifies the encoding to use when reading from the external file. The value for ENCODING= indicates that the external file has a different encoding from the current session encoding.

When you read data from an external file, SAS transcodes the data from the specified encoding to the session encoding.

For valid encoding values, see Encoding Values in SAS Language Elements in SAS National Language Support (NLS): User s Guide .

portable-options

specifies one or more portable options, which are documented under the INCLUDE command in SAS Help and Documentation.

host-options

BLKSIZE= block-size
BLK= block-size
- specifies the number of bytes that are physically read or written in an I/O operation. The default is 8K. The maximum is 1M.

IGNOREDOSEOF
- is used in the context of I/O operations on variable record format files. When this option is specified, any occurrence of ^Z is interpreted as character data and not as an end-of-file marker.

LRECL= record-length
- specifies the record length (in bytes). Under Windows, the default is 256. The value of record-length can range from 1 to 1,048,576 (1 megabyte).

NOTABS
- is used only in the context of Dynamic Data Exchange. This option enables you to use nontab character delimiters between variables . For more information on this option, see Using the NOTAB Option with DDE on page 279.

RECFM= record-format

controls the record format. Under Windows, the following values are valid:

F	indicates fixed format.
N	indicates binary format and causes the file to be treated as a byte stream.
P	indicates print format.
S370V	indicates the variable S370 record format (V).
S370VB	indicates the variable block S370 record format (VB).
S370VBS	indicates the variable block with spanned records S370 record format (VBS).
VD	indicates variable format. This is the default.

Details

The INCLUDE command copies the entire contents of an external file into the active window.

If you do not specify a file-specification , then SAS uses the filename from the previous FILE or INCLUDE command. If you have not issued any FILE or INCLUDE commands, you receive an error message indicating no default file exists.

PMENU Command

Toggles the command line in the SAS application windows on and off

Windows specifics: command behavior

Syntax

PMENU <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the command lines on and off.

turns the command lines off.

OFF

turns the command lines on.

Details

Under the Windows operating environment, the pull-down menus and pop-up menus are always enabled. Use can use either the PMENU command or the COMMAND command to specify whether you want the command line to display in SAS windows.

SAVE Command

Writes the entire contents of the Enhanced Editor, Program Editor, Log, Output, Notepad, and Keys windows to a catalog entry.

Syntax

SAVE < catalog-entry ><ATTR> <TABS> <APPEND REPLACE>

(no argument)

writes the contents of the window to the catalog entry that was most recently specified in a COPY or SAVE command during the current SAS session.

catalog-entry

specifies the four-level name.

ATTR

stores attributes with the entry.

TABS

compresses spaces as tabs during storage instead of storing the file with the default spacing.

APPEND

appends the contents of the window to the contents of the catalog entry. When it is specified, this catalog entry becomes the default until another catalog entry is specified.

REPLACE

replaces the contents of the catalog entry with the contents of the window. Once specified, this replacement becomes the default until another catalog entry is specified.

STORE Command

Copies selected text or graphics to the Windows clipboard

Windows specifics: valid options; not supported by the Enhanced Editor

Syntax

STORE <LAST ALL>

LAST

copies only the most recently marked text and unmarks all other marks when more than one area of text is marked. To store one area of text when more than one mark exists, you must use either the LAST or ALL argument.

ALL

stores all current marks when more than one area of text has been marked.

Details

The STORE command copies marked text or graphics in the active window and stores the copy in the Windows clipboard.

The APPEND and BUFFER= options are not supported under Windows for the STORE command.

SUBTOP Command

Submits the first n lines of a SAS program for processing

Windows specifics: valid in the Enhanced Editor and the Program Editor

Syntax

SUBTOP < n >

no argument

specifies to submit only the top line of the program for processing.

ⁿ

specifies to submit the first n lines of the program for processing.

Details

When the Clear text on submit check box is selected in the Enhanced Editor Options dialog box, all of the submitted lines are deleted from the window when you issue the SUBTOP command.

TOOLCLOSE Command

Closes the application toolbar or toolbox

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

TOOLCLOSE

Details

Use the TOOLCLOSE command to close the toolbar or toolbox.

TOOLEDIT Command

Opens the Customize Tools dialog box

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

TOOLEDIT < library.catalog.entry >

no argument

edits the currently loaded set of tools.

library.catalog.entry

specifies the TOOLBOX entry you want to edit.

Details

The TOOLEDIT command invokes the Customize Tools dialog box with the TOOLBOX entry specified by library.catalog.entry . If a TOOLBOX entry is not specified, the currently loaded set of tools is used.

TOOLLARGE Command

Sets the size of the toolbar or toolbox buttons

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

TOOLLARGE <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the size of the toolbar or toolbox buttons between large and normal.

sets the size of the toolbar or toolbox buttons to large.

OFF

sets the size of the toolbar or toolbox buttons to normal.

Details

The TOOLLARGE command toggles the size of the toolbar buttons between normal and large. You might find the large buttons easier to use with high-resolution displays.

TOOLLOAD Command

Loads a specific toolbox

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

TOOLLOAD <WINDOW> <BOX BAR> < libref.catalog.member >

no arguments

loads the toolbar for the active window. The tools are displayed as a toolbar or toolbox, depending on the setting in the Customize tools dialog box.

WINDOW

associates the toolbox entry you specify with the active window, so that the particular set of tools that you load apply only to that window. This association lasts until you close the window. If you reopen the window later, the window will revert to its default toolbar.

If the WINDOW option is not specified on the TOOLLOAD command, the toolbar or toolbox that is loaded applies to all windows that do not have a specific toolset definition stored for them in the Sasuser.Profile catalog. Such specific toolsets must be named to match the window. For instance, the Explorer window toolset is named Sasuser.Profile.Explorer. If the WINDOW option is not specified, the toolset definition will persist throughout the current SAS session regardless of how many times a particular window is closed and reopened.

BOX BAR

controls whether the icons are displayed as a toolbox in a separate window or as a toolbar integrated with the main SAS window.

libref.catalog.member

specifies the catalog entry to load. TOOLBOX is the default catalog entry type.

Details

After the TOOLLOAD command is processed , the specified toolbox is the active toolbox.

TOOLSWITCH Command

Toggles the tool switching feature on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

TOOLSWITCH ON OFF

automatically loads the toolbar (if one is defined) for the active window.

OFF

uses the default toolbar (Sasuser.Profile.Toolbox) for all windows unless you explicitly load another one.

Details

The TOOLSWITCH command allows you to switch between a toolbar defined for the active window and the SAS default toolbar.

TOOLTIPS Command

Toggles the ToolTips feature on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

TOOLTIPS <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the ToolTips feature on and off.

turns the ToolTips feature on.

OFF

turns the ToolTips feature off.

Details

ToolTips are the helpful cues that appear over toolbar or toolbox buttons, (and over some other controls in the main SAS window) as you position the mouse pointer over them.

The TOOLTIPS command specifies whether the ToolTips text is displayed when you move the cursor over an icon in the toolbox or some other control. If you do not specify ON or OFF, the TOOLTIPS command toggles the text on and off, depending on the current setting.

Note: Do not confuse ToolTips with ScreenTips. ScreenTips display helpful cues for the status line, the window bar, and tabs in the main SAS window.

WATTACH Command

Toggles whether the contents of the active window are attached to an electronic mail message that you initiate using SAS

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WATTACH <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the attach mode on and off

specifies to attach the active window

OFF

specifies to not attach the active window

Details

If you specify ON, the contents of the active window are sent as an attached file. For text windows, the format is either text or RTF (as determined by the WEMAILFMT command or the Preferences dialog box settings). Graphic windows are sent as Windows bitmap (BMP) files.

You can also toggle this setting in the Preferences dialog box General page.

WATTENTION Command

Displays the Tasking Manager window, which allows you to select which SAS process to terminate

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WATTENTION

Details

The WATTENTION command allows you to select a SAS process to terminate. This is the equivalent of pressing CTRL + Break.

WAUTOSAVE Command

Controls how often SAS automatically saves work in the SAS editor windows

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WAUTOSAVE <<ON OFF> INTERVAL= minutes >

no arguments

turns the autosave feature on and resets the autosave timer (so that work will automatically be saved after the defined time interval).

ON OFF

specifies to turn the autosave feature on or off.

INTERVAL= minutes

specifies to automatically save work every certain number of minutes. The default interval is 10 minutes. Specify the interval as an integer.

Details

Use the WAUTOSAVE command if you want SAS to automatically save your work more often or less often than the default interval of every 10 minutes. SAS saves the Program Editor contents to ˜pgm.asv in the current working folder or in the folder specified by the AUTOSAVELOC system option. Contents of the Enhanced Editor windows are saved to the operating environment temporary folder with the filename of ˜Autosave of filename .$AS . You can also set the autosave feature in the Preferences dialog box Edit page.

WBROWSE Command

Invokes your preferred web browser

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WBROWSE <" URL ">

no argument

invokes the preferred web browser as defined in the Preferences dialog box Web page.

URL

specifies a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) which contains the server and path information needed to find a document on the Internet or on a local intranet.

Details

By default, the WBROWSE command invokes the default web browser, which displays SAS Institute s home page (www.sas.com). If you specify a URL then that location is displayed instead. Note that you must enclose the URL in double quotations. The default page the web browser opens can be changed in the Preferences dialog box Web page.

WCOPY Command

Copies the marked contents of the active window to the Windows clipboard

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WCOPY

Details

WCOPY is intended to be used with the toolbar commands. When you enter the WCOPY command and the active window is a text window, the active window s menu is searched for a COPY item. If there is a COPY item, the marked contents is copied to the Windows clipboard. If there is no COPY item, WCOPY will execute the STORE command.

WCUT Command

Moves the marked contents of the active window to the Windows clipboard

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WCUT

Details

WCUT is intended to be used with the toolbar commands and is valid only when the active window is an editor window, such as the PROGRAM EDITOR window. When you enter the WCUT command, the active window s menu is searched for a CUT item. If there is a CUT item, the marked contents of the active window are moved to the Windows clipboard. If there is no CUT item, WCUT will execute the CUT command.

WDOCKVIEW Command

Toggles the Docking View on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WDOCKVIEW <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the Docking View on and off.

turns the Docking View on.

OFF

turns the Docking View off

Details

The Docking View allows for easy navigation within the main SAS window. When the Docking View is enabled, windows that can be docked (integrated with the main SAS window) such as the SAS Explorer and Results windows, display on the left side of the main SAS window. When you click on an item in a docked window that opens another window, such as the output from a procedure listed in the Results window, the window opens on the right side of the main SAS window. You navigate between docked windows using tabs.

WDOCKVIEWMINIMIZE Command

Minimizes the Docking View window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WDOCKVIEWMINIMIZE

Details

WDOCKVIEWMINIMIZE minimizes the Docking View window.

WDOCKVIEWRESIZE Command

Start Resize mode for moving the Docking View split bar

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WDOCKVIEWRESIZE

Details

When you type WDOCKVIEWRESIZE in the command bar, SAS starts a resize mode. In Resize mode, you can move the Docking View split bar either by using the mouse or by using the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard. When you press the Ctrl key followed by either the left or right arrow keys, the amount of space that the split bar moves is increased. To end Resize mode, press Enter.

You can also start the Docking View Resize mode by typing Alt + W + S or by selecting

Window – Size Docking View

WDOCKVIEWRESTORE Command

Restores the Docking View window from the task bar

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WDOCKVIEWRESTORE

Details

WDOCVIEWRESTORE restores the Docking View window to the left side of the main SAS window.

WEDIT Command

Opens an Enhanced Editor window and optionally enables or disables the Enhanced Editor

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WEDIT < filename > <USENOUSE>

no argument

opens an Enhanced Editor window.

filename

specifies the name of a file to open in the Enhanced Editor. The filename should be in double quotation marks. If specified, filename must be the first argument.

USE

specifies to enable the Enhanced Editor and to open an Enhanced Editor window.

NOUSE

specifies to disable the Enhanced Editor. An Enhanced Editor window is not opened.

Details

When you use the WEDIT command to enable the Enhanced Editor, the Use Enhanced Editor check box is selected in the Edit page of the Preferences dialog box. Similarly, when you use the WEDIT command to disable the Enhanced Editor, the Use Enhanced Editor check box is deselected.

WEMAILFMT Command

Specifies the format to use when attaching the contents of a text window to an electronic mail message

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WEMAILFMT TEXTRTF

TEXT

attaches the contents of the current SAS text window as a plain text file.

RTF

attaches the contents of the current SAS text window as a rich text format (RTF) file.

Details

If the current SAS window contains graphics, the contents of the windows are automatically attached as a Windows bitmap file.

When you use the WEMAILFMT command, the Mail current window as attachment check box is updated in the General tabbed page of the Preferences dialog box.

WEXITSAVE Command

Toggles saving your settings when you exit SAS

Window specifics: all

Syntax

WEXITSAVE <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the saving of your settings when you exit SAS.

saves your settings when you exit SAS.

OFF

does not save your settings when you exit SAS.

Details

You can also toggle this setting in the Preferences dialog box General page.

WFILE Command

Saves the contents of the active window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WFILE

Details

The WFILE command saves the contents of the active window to a file.

WHIDECURSOR Command

Suppresses the display of the cursor in SAS windows that do not allow text input

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WHIDECURSOR <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles between hiding and displaying the cursor.

hides the cursor.

OFF

displays the cursor.

Details

The WHIDECURSOR command inhibits the display of the default text cursor in windows that do not allow text input, such as those in SAS/EIS and SAS/AF software. You can also toggle the WHIDECURSOR setting in the Preferences dialog box Advanced page.

WHSBAR Command

Toggles the horizontal scroll bars on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WHSBAR <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the horizontal scroll bars on and off.

displays the horizontal scroll bars.

OFF

hides the horizontal scroll bars.

Details

You can also toggle this setting in the Preferences dialog box View page.

WINSERT Command

Toggles insert mode on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WINSERT <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the insert mode on and off.

enables the insert mode.

OFF

enables the overstrike mode.

Details

You can also toggle this setting by pressing the INSERT key on your keyboard or by modifying the Overtype mode option in the Preferences dialog box Edit tabbed page.

WMENUPOP Command

Toggles the pop-up menus in the SAS application windows on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WMENUPOP <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the pop-up menus on and off.

turns the pop-up menus on.

OFF

turns the pop-up menus off.

Details

By default, the pop-up menus are on. You can access the pop-up menu for a window by clicking the right mouse button inside the window client area.

When used with the -NOAWSMENU system option, this command makes all menu selections unavailable to the user. This can be a useful technique when developing SAS/AF applications in which you want to restrict the actions of the end user.

WMRU Command

Retains the names of the most recently used files in the File menu

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WMRU <<ON> <NUM= number-of-filenames ><CASCADE>> <OFF>

no arguments

toggles the file list on and off.

ON NUM= number-of-filenames

turns the file list on and maintains number-of-filenames filenames in the list. The number-of-filenames argument can be an integer from 1 to 30. If you omit number-of-filenames , the last number specified for the most recently used files is used.

CASCADE

specifies that the most recently used files list can be accessed from the File menu Recent Files submenu.

OFF

turns the file list off.

Details

When you open or save a file using the Open or Save As dialog boxes, SAS adds the filename to the recently used file list in the File pull-down menu or the Recent Files submenu. You can open a recently used file in a SAS editor window by making the editor the active window and selecting its name from the File menu or the Recent Files submenu. By default, SAS retains four filenames in the list.

You can also configure these settings in the Preferences dialog box General page.

WNAVKEYUNMARK Command

Toggles the setting for enabling unmarking of text using navigational keys

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WNAVKEYUNMARK <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the Enable unmarking with navigation keys setting on and off.

turn the Enable unmarking with navigation keys setting on.

OFF

turns the Enable unmarking with navigation keys setting off.

Details

You can access the Enable unmarking with navigation keys setting by selecting

Tools – Options – Preferences – Edit

When the Enable unmarking with navigation keys setting is selected, you can unmark text by using the up, down, left, and right navigation keys.

WNEWTITLE Command

Clears the contents of the active window and removes its title

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WNEWTITLE

Details

When you save the contents of a SAS window to a file, SAS assigns the filename as the title of the window. You can use the WNEWTITLE command to clear the active window and remove that title ( reverting to Untitled).

If used in the LOG or OUTPUT window, this command clears the contents of the window and changes the name to Untitled. If this command is used in the Program Editor window, SAS prompts you to save the contents of the window before clearing it and removing the title. If this command is used in the Enhanced Editor window, SAS opens a new, untitled, Enhanced Editor window.

WNEXTEDIT Command

Toggles between all Enhanced Editor windows that are currently open

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WNEXTEDIT

Details

You can use the WNEXTEDIT command to move between Enhanced Editor windows.

WPASTE Command

Pastes the contents of the Windows clipboard into the active window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WPASTE

Details

WPASTE is intended to be used with the toolbar commands. When you enter the WPASTE command, the active window s menu is searched for a PASTE item. If there is a PASTE item and the clipboard contains text, WPASTE will execute as if you selected PASTE from the pull-down menu. If there is no PASTE item, WPASTE will execute the PASTE command.

WPGM Command

Changes the active window to the editor window that was most recently edited

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WPGM

Details

The behavior of the WPGM command depends on the setting of the Use Enhanced Editor check box. The check box is available from the Edit tab in the Preferences dialog box. If the Use Enhanced Editor check box is selected and you issue the WPGM command, the active window becomes the Enhanced Editor window that was most recently edited. If the Use Enhanced Editor check box is not selected, the active window becomes the Program Editor.

Issuing the WPGM command repeatedly displays the open Enhanced Editor windows in the order of the most recently edited window to the least recently edited.

WPOPUP Command

Causes the pop-up menus for a window to appear

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WPOPUP

Details

You can access the pop-up menu for a window by clicking the right mouse button inside the window client area. By default under Windows, this command is associated with the right mouse button.

WRTFSAVE Command

Saves the contents of the current text window to an RTF file

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WRTFSAVE filename <NOPROMPT>

filename

is a required argument and can include a file path. If you specify a filename without a path, the file is saved in the current SAS working folder. The WRTFSAVE command does not automatically append the .RTF file extension. If you want the resulting filename to end in .RTF, be sure to include it as part of the filename that you specify.

NOPROMPT

specifies that if a file with the same filename already exists, that file will be overwritten without prompting you with a confirmation dialog box.

Details

The WRTFSAVE command saves the contents of the active window in .RTF format. The contents of the active window must be text. This command performs the same action as the Save As dialog box when you select .rtf from the Save file as type list. However, WRTFSAVE saves the file without displaying an intermediate dialog box.

WSCREENTIPS Command

Toggles the ScreenTips on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WSCREENTIPS <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the ScreenTips on and off.

displays helpful cues for the status line, window bar and tabs within the main SAS window.

OFF

turns off the ScreenTips.

Details

ScreenTips are the helpful cues that appear over the status line, window bar and tabs in the main SAS window as you position the mouse pointer over them.

The WSCREENTIPS command specifies whether the ScreenTips text is displayed when you move the cursor over the status line, window bar, or tabs in the main SAS window.

Note: Do not confuse ScreenTips with ToolTips. ToolTips display helpful cues for tools. You can also toggle the ScreenTips setting in the Preferences dialog box View page.

WSTATUSLN Command

Toggles the status line on and off, and specifies the area proportions

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WSTATUSLN <ON OFF> <ALL MSG<= percent-msg > CDIR<= percent-cdir ><CURPOS>>

no arguments

toggles the status line on and off.

The first argument is optional, but if you specify it, you must include it before the second group of options:

displays the status line in its most recent active state. If the status line includes a message area, the message lines in the SAS application windows are disabled. ON is the default setting.

OFF

turns off the status line. This enables the message lines in the SAS application windows.

The second group of arguments is also optional. Note that specifying these options without specifying the ON option first does not automatically turn the status line on if it is currently off.

ALL

includes both the message area and the current folder areas on the status line. If you do not specify the MSG and CDIR options with percentage values, the status line proportions revert to the most recent settings. ALL is the default setting.

MSG<= percent-msg >

includes the message area as part of the status line. If you specify this option without the CDIR option, the message area occupies the entire status line. If you specify a percentage with this option and with the CDIR option, the message area occupies the proportion of the line that you specify.

CDIR<= percent-cdir >

includes the current folder as part of the status line. If you specify this option without the MSG option, the current folder area occupies the entire status line. If you specify a percentage with this option and with the MSG option, the current folder area occupies the proportion of the line that you specify.

CURPOS

includes the Enhanced Editor cursor position (line and column) in the status line when the Enhanced Editor is the active window.

Details

The WSTATUSLN command specifies whether the status line of the active window is on or off and specifies the proportions of the status line that the message area and the current folder area occupy. You can also toggle the status line in the Preferences dialog box View page.

Example

To display a status line that is evenly divided between the message display and the current folder display, issue the following command:

 wstatusln on msg=50 cdir=50

WUNDO Command

Undoes the last CUT, COPY, or PASTE toolbar action

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WUNDO

Details

When you enter the WUNDO command, the active window s menu is searched for an undo item. If there is an undo item, WUNDO will execute as if you selected UNDO from the pull-down menu. If there is no undo item, WUNDO will execute the UNDO command. Some windows may not have an undo command.

WVSBAR Command

Toggles the vertical scroll bars on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WVSBAR <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the vertical scroll bars on and off.

displays the vertical scroll bars.

OFF

hides the vertical scroll bars.

Details

You can also toggle this setting in the Preferences dialog box View page.

WWINDOWBAR Command

Toggles the window bar on and off

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

WWINDOWBAR <ON OFF>

no argument

toggles the window bar on or off.

displays the window bar in the main SAS window.

OFF

does not display the window bar in the main SAS window.

Details

If the window bar is on, it displays at the bottom of the main SAS window just above the status bar. SAS windows minimize to the window bar. You can bring a window to the front by clicking on the window s button in the window bar. To open a file in an open application, such as one of the editors, you drag the file to the application s button in the window bar (which brings the application to the front) and then drag the file to the application s window. When the window bar is off, SAS windows minimize to small title bars.

You can also turn the window bar on and off using the Preferences dialog box View page.

X Command

Enters host-system mode or allows you to submit a Windows command without ending your SAS session

Windows specifics: valid values for command syntax

Syntax

X < command >;

no argument

open a DOS command window.

command

specifies the command that you want to execute.

Details

This form of the X command issues one command. The command is passed to the operating environment and executed. If errors occur, the appropriate error messages are displayed.

ZOOM Command

Maximizes the active window

Windows specifics: all

Syntax

ZOOM <ON OFF>

maximizes the active window.

OFF

returns the active window to the default size.

Details

When you maximize one application window, the SAS windowing environment enters a maximized mode. As you switch between active windows, each window you select will be maximized. When you restore one of the application windows to its original size, all windows are restored.

SAS Commands under Windows

Commands Not Supported in the Windows Operating Environment

AUTOSCROLL Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

AWSMAXIMIZE Command

Syntax

Details

AWSMINIMIZE Command

Syntax

AWSRESTORE Command

Syntax

Details

CAPS Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

COLOR Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

COMMAND Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

CUT Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGABOUT Command

Syntax

Details

DLGCDIR Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGCOLUMNSIZE Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGCOLUMNSORT Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGCONVERT Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGENDR Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGFIND Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGFONT Command

Syntax

Details

DLGLIB Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGLINKS Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGOPEN Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGPAGESETUP Command

Syntax

Details

See Also

DLGPREF Command

Syntax

Details