J: J Box-JVM

J Box-Jiro

J Box

See Junction Box.

J-Carrier

The Japanese version of the T Carrier system of North America. It's different to the North American one in more ways (e.g. signaling and such) than are apparent in the two tables below. Mbps equals million bits (not bytes) per second. A voice channel is a 64,000 PCM encoded channel.

NORTH AMERICAN HIERARCHY (T-CARRIER)

T-1	1.544 Mbps	24 voice channels
T-1C	3.152 Mbps	48 voice channels
T-2	6.312 Mbps	96 voice channels
T-3	44.736 Mbps	672 voice channels
T-4	274.176 Mbps	4,032 voice channels

JAPANESE HIERARCHY (J-CARRIER)

J-1	1.544 Mbps	24 voice channels
J-2	6.312 Mbps	96 voice channels
J-3	32.064 Mbps	480 voice channels
J-4	97.728 Mbps	1,440 voice channels
J-5	397.000 Mbps	5,760 voice channels

See also PCM, T Carrier.

J-Hook

1. In a microwave or satellite antenna, a j-hook is the name for a length of waveguide with one end turned through 180 degrees. This passes through the reflector vertex to illuminate the reflector's surface from an electronics unit mounted behind the microwave or satellite structure. It looks like a J-Hook.

2. J-hooks are also pieces of J-shaped pieces of bent metal used to hold cables in an equipment rack.

J2ME

Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME). The edition of the Java platform that is targeted at small, standalone or connectable consumer and embedded devices. The J2ME technology consists of a virtual machine and a set of APIs suitable for tailored runtime environments for these devices. The J2ME technology has two primary kinds of components - configurations and profiles.

Jabber

To jabber. In local area networking technology, continuously sending random data (garbage). Normally used to describe the action of a station (whose circuitry or logic has failed) that locks up the network with its incessant transmission.

Jack

Common term for communications terminals found at the end of cables. Also known as modular jack.

Jack Contacts

Metallic elements of telephone jacks that carry the central office currents/voltages to the CPE plus contacts.

Jack Header

A raceway similar to a header duct, usually provided in short lengths to connect a quantity of distribution ducts together.

Jack Pins

See Jack Contacts.

Jack Positions

A numbering scheme to permit consistent identification of the Jack Contact(s) position. Position identification helps assure compatibility between the wiring system and the associated terminal equipment.

Jack Type

Different types of jacks (RJ-11, RJ-45, or RJ-48) are used on telephone lines in North America ” analog or digital. The RJ-11 is the most common in the world and is most often used for analog phones, modems, and fax machines. The RJ-11 can be wired with two conductors, four conductors and six conductors. If it has two pairs for two separate phone lines, it's called an RJ-14. One of the lines is the "normal" RJ-11 line ” the red and green conductors in the center. The second line is the second set of conductors ” black and yellow ” on the outside. The RJ-14C is surface or flushmounted for use with desk telephone sets while the RJ-14W is for wallmounted telephone sets. The RJ-48 and RJ-45 are slightly bigger jacks and are both virtually the same, but they both have an 8-pin configuration and are often used for high-speed LANs or T-1 lines. An RJ-11 jack can fit into an RJ-45/RJ-48 connector, however, an RJ-45/RJ-48 jack cannot fit into an RJ-11 connector. See RJ for a complete listing of all available jacks.

Jacket

The protective and insulating housing of a cable. Not part of the fiber or the fiber buffer. See also Hard Cable.

Jacket Material

The material used as the outer insulator of a cable. See also Hard Cable.

Jackrabbit

Shakespeare was right when he asked, "What's in a name?" The jackrabbit is not a rabbit. It is a hare. A Jerusalem artichoke is not an artichoke; it is a sunflower. Arabic numerals are not Arabic; they were invented in India. India ink (sometimes referred to as "Chinese ink") was not known until recently in either China or India.

Jacks

A receptacle used in conjunction with a plug to make electrical contact between communication circuits. Jacks and their associated plugs are used in a variety of connecting hardware applications including cross connects, interconnects, information outlets, and equipment connections. Jacks are used to connect cords or lines to telephone systems. A jack can be female or male.

JAE

See Java Application Environment.

Jahangir

Jahangir was a 17th-century Indian Mughal ruler. He had 5,000 women in his harem and 1,000 young boys. He also owned 12,000 elephants.

Jake

Slang term for cheap four conductor wire used for inside wiring. Don't use it.

Jam

In an IEEE 802.3 network, the jam signal, which is normally produced by fixing the minimum number of data bytes that must be transmitted, is used to ensure that if a collision is produced, all devices on the network will detect it. See Jam Signal.

Jam Signal

A signal generated by a printed circuit card to ensure that other cards know that a packet collision on a local area network has taken place. See Jam.

Jamming

1. The interference with through-the-air radio transmission, the object being to hinder the receiver's ability to pick up and understand the signal. An example is the Russians' jamming Radio Free Europe.

2. The illegal interference by a monopoly local phone company of its customer's ability to choose a competing long distance carrier. Also known as an unauthorized PIC freeze.

Jane Barbe

On July 27, 2003, CBSNews.com ran the following story, "One of the most recognizable voices in the country was silenced Tuesday. Jane Barbe, who recorded messages used by telephone companies across the country, died of complications from cancer at the age of 74. Over the past 40 years , if you didn't get through to the party you wanted, you probably still got through to Barbe. She was the "telephone lady" that delivered the message, "We're sorry, your call cannot be completed as dialed ." A drama major at the University of Georgia, Barbe started recording the announcements in 1963. Twenty years later, she was making even the most disjointed of messages sound smooth as silk. Messages such as, "The number you have reached has been changed. The new number is ." Although she largely masked her Georgia accent on her recordings, in person she was the model of Southern hospitality, taking her odd brand of anonymous fame in stride. "I don't think anybody even knows who I am until somebody says I'm the lady on the phone," she said in a past interview. "Then the others say, 'Oh, really?'" Barbe said she always did her best not to sound like a machine. Instead, she tried to address her telephone audience one caller at a time. She said it could be overwhelming if she started to think she was talking to 22 million people a day. Trouble on the line is never fun, but for most of us Barbe's soothing telephone manner made it just a little bit easier to bear."

JANET

Joint Academic Network. A British network covering universities, the UK Research Council and the UK Further Education Sector. In short the U.K> education and research community. It is managed by UKERNA and funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC). JANET is a trademark of the Higher Education Funding Councils for England, Scotland and Wales.The network's highspeed backbone is called SuperJANET.

Japander

Actors who pander to the Japanese love of Western celebrities by appearing in ads that run only in Japan. Among those who have played : Madonna, Ben Stiller, Mel Gibson, and Brad Pitt.

Japanese TACS

An analog system operating in the 900-MHz band in Japan.

JATE

The Japanese equivalent of the U.S. FCC part 68 certification for equipment to be attached to the Japanese telephone network. It stands for Japan Approvals Institute for Telecommunications Equipment. Getting JATE approval is expensive, complex and immensely time consuming. At least that's what I wrote in the ninth edition of my edition. JATE wrote me and suggested that I correct my definition as follows :

1. Getting JATE approval is not expensive. It is not expensive compared with the same approval in U.S.A. We don't require to give detailed descriptions on a testing machine nor environmental tests, while FCC requires those. Therefore it is easier to get approval in JATE than in FCC. In some cases, FCC registration costs more than JATE approval, with fee for application and for a test laboratory.

2. Getting JATE approval is not complex. Japanese technical conditions only require not to harm network, like condition in U.S.A. does so. It's just simple.

3. Getting JATE approval is not time consuming. The average period is 23.4 days for documentation examination process, from the date an application is received by JATE to the date it is completed. And 90% were completed within 38.4 days.

Java

A programming language from Sun Microsystems designed primarily for writing software to leave on Internet Web sites and downloadable over the Internet to a PC owned by you or me. Java grew out of "The Green Project," a top-secret effort headed by James Gosling. The initial excitement over Java was over its ability to bring motion to static Web pages ” to make animated figures dance and stock tickers flash. But Java has a larger potential. In the past, software programs had always been written for particular computers and had resided on one machine. Java theoretically enables software to run on any machine (to "write once, run anywhere," as Sun puts it), Java would allow programs to reside anywhere on the Web, flowing across the wires of the Internet and working equally well wherever they land, thus rendering Windows irrelevant, if not obsolete (Sun's hope). In a Java-fuelled computing world, the reign of the Wintel PC (Windows/Intel) machine would be challenged by cheap, bare-bones devices known as "thin clients " ” the most prominent of which is the network computer, or NC ” a stripped down PC that stores and accesses files and programs on a network rather than a hard drive. The reality of Java since 1995 is that, like all new languages and computer "breakthroughs," getting it implemented into the real world of day-to-day programming has proven sticky. Java is basically a new virtual machine and interpretive dynamic language and environment. It abstracts the data on bytecodes so that when you develop an app, the same code runs on whatever operating system you choose to port the Java compiler/interpreter to. What's a Java application? According to Wired Magazine, point to Ford Motor Company's website today, for instance, and all you'll get are words and pictures of the latest cars and trucks . Using Java, however, Ford could relay a small application (called an applet) to a customer's computer (the one on your desk which you are using the surf the Internet). The customer could then customize options on an F-series pickup while calculating the monthly tab on various loan rates offered by a finance company or local bank. Add animation to these applications and you could get to "drive" the truck. See the following definitions. http://java.sun.com.

Java Application Environment

JAE. The source code release of the Java Development Kit.

Java Blend

A product that enables developers to simplify data application development by mapping database records to Java objects and Java objects to databases.

Java Card API

An ISO 7816-4 compliant application environment focused on smart cards.

Java Computing

A computing architecture using standard network protocols that exploit the universal availability of networks, data, and Java applications to dynamically deliver services to a wide variety of Java-enabled devices. See Java.

Java Electronic Commerce Framework

JECF. A structured architecture for the development of electronic commerce applications in Java.

Java Phone

Mostly spelled JavaPhone. A Java API specification controlling contacts, power management, call control, and phonebook management, intended specifically for the programmability requirements of mobile phones.

Java Telephony API

JTAPI. A set of modularly-designed, application programming interfaces for Java-based computer telephony applications. JTAPI is designed to serve a broad audience, from call control centers to Web-page designers. JTAPI offers telephony interface extensions grouped into building-block "packages." JTAPI consists of one Core package and several extension packages. JTAPI applications are portable across platforms without modification. Applications written to JTAPI are independent of platform or phone system. There are two configurations for JTAPI: Desktop Computer and Network Computer. In a desktop configuration, the JTAPI application or Java applet runs on the same workstation that houses the telephony resources. In a network configuration, the JTAPI application or Java applet runs on a remote workstation. This workstation can be a network computer with only a display, keyboard, processor, and some memory. It accesses resources off of the network making use of a centralized server that manages telephony resources. JTAPI communicates with this server via a remote access mechanism, such as Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI), JOE, or a telephony protocol. JTAPI interfaces for other computer telephony applications, such as SunXTL, TAPI, TSAPI and IBM Call Path are being produced.

Java Virtual Machine

JVM. Java is a programming language. Instead of being compiled for a specific operating system (e.g., DOS or Unix) as most software is, Java is translated into bytecode, which is an intermediate code between the source code written by a programmer and the executable machine code run by the target computer. To run bytecode on your computer, you must install a program called a Java Virtual Machine, a real-time interpreter that creates executable bytecode as the Java applet is running. See also Bytecode and Java.

JavaMail API

The JavaMail API provides a set of abstract classes that model a mail system. The API provides a platform independent and protocol independent framework to build Java based mail and messaging applications. The JavaMail API is implemented as a Java standard extension. Sun provides a royalty-free reference implementation, in binary form, that developers will be able to use and ship. See Java.

JavaPhone

A Java API specification controlling contacts, power management, call control, and phonebook management, intended specifically for the programmability requirements of mobile phones.

JavaScript

A scripting language for Web pages. Scripts written with JavaScript can be embedded into HTML documents. With JavaScript you have many possibilities for enhancing your Web page with interesting elements. It makes it easy to respond to use initiated events (such as form input). Some effects that are now possible with JavaScript were once only possible with CGI. Some computer languages are compiled, which means that you run your program through a compiler, which performs a one-time translation of the human- readable program into a binary that the computer can execute. JavaScript is an interpreted language, which means that the computer must evaluate the program each time it is run. Java and JavaScript are not the same thing. JavaScript was designed to resemble Java, which in turn looks a lot like C and C++. The difference is that Java was built as a general purpose object language, while JavaScript is intended to provide a quicker and simpler language for enhancing Web pages and servers.

JavaTel

Java Technology Toolkit, or JavaTel, a cross-platform product designed to link any telephone, appliance or networked computer to any Java-based application. In October, 1996, IBM, Intel, Lucent Technologies, Nortel and Novell said they'll support the standard. JavaTel will offer software developers and device manufacturers a uniform interface for driving basic telephony functions, such as call setup, disconnect, hold and call transfer. A series of JavaTel Extension Packages will deliver interfaces such as advanced call control, media services, terminal management, call center management and mobile services. See JavaTel API.

JavaTel API

Java Telephony Application Programming Interface. One of many Java Media APIs developed by Sun Microsystems with help from Lucent Technologies. Provides for call set-up , tear-down and media stream control. JavaTel can run on top of the Sun XTL Teleservices architecture. See JavaTel.

JB7

Jam Bit 7. It is the same zero suppression format found on T-1s as AMI, which is Alternate Mark Inversion. See AMI.

JBIG

Joint Bitonal Image Group . Standard for black and white, and grayscale image representation.

JBIG Alliance

In late September, 1996 12 companies announced the formation of the JBIG Alliance. The JBIG Alliance is an industry group formed to create a public forum for the dissemination of information encouraging the adoption and use of ISO/IEC Standard 11544:1993 (JBIG compression) for storage and transmission of bitonal and grayscale image data. JBIG (Joint Bitonal Image Group) is an advanced compression scheme originally developed, like the ITU/ITU Group IV standard that it is intended to replace, as an improved facsimile transmission standard. JBIG's exceptional compression is the result of an advanced compression technique known as arithmetic coding. For bitonal images of standard business documents, JBIG provides file size reductions of 20 to 60 percent with the existing Group IV standard (see table). According to the JBIG Alliance, users can use JBIG's efficient compression for either reducing storage and transmission costs, or for substituting higher resolution images without incurring substantially higher storage or transmission costs. JBIG can also store many grayscale images of equal or better quality in less space than required for JPEG compressed files.

Here is a chart showing average file sizes in bytes of identical quality Group III, Group IV, and JBIG Files

	GroupIII	GroupIV	JBIG
Invoices	254,187	287,419	122,813
Line Art/text	306,256	166,098	119,060
Photo/magazines	274,883	241,742	119,066

JBOD

Just a Bunch Of Disks. A very simple and inexpensive storage technology used in storage- intensive applications, such as imaging. JBOD is much simpler than even RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks). See also RAID.

JCL

Job Control Language.

JDC

Japanese Digital Cellular. See PHS (Personal Handyphone System).

JECF

Java Electronic Commerce Framework. A structured architecture for the development of electronic commerce applications in Java.

JEDEC

Joint Electronic Devices Engineering Council. An organization of the U.S. Semiconductor manufacturers and users that sets package outline dimension standards for packages made in the U.S.

Jeep

The name Jeep came from the abbreviation used in the army for the "General Purpose" vehicle, G.P. At least that's one theory. According to Major E.P. Hogan, who wrote a history of the development of the Jeep for the Army's Ouartermaster Review in 1941, the word jeep is an old Army greasemonkey term that dates back to World War 1 and was used by shop mechanics in referring to any new motor vehicle received for a test. The word also found later use as a less than complimentary term for new recruits. See Jeep Fishing.

Jeep Fishing

When you use your Hummer automobile to pull Jeeps and other four- wheeled, all-terrain vehicles out of the mud on weekends. This definition contributed by Jack Rickard, ex-editor rotundas of Boardwatch Magazine, who obviously owns a Hummer, which he would love, were it more reliable.

Jello

Ellis Island immigrants were often served a bowl of Jello as a "Welcome to America."

Jello on Springs

To help create her signature sexy walk ”once described as "Jello on springs," ” actress Marilyn Monroe sawed off part of the heel of one of her shoes.

JEMA

Japan Electronic Messaging Association.

Jeopardy

A wonderful AT&T word meaning anything occurring during the course of accomplishing scheduled work which might cause the scheduled completion date to slip.

JEPI

Joint Electronics Payments Initiative. A specification from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and CommerceNet for a universal payment platform to allow merchants and consumers to transact E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) over the Internet. JEPI comprises a standard mechanism for web clients and servers to negotiate payment instrument, protocol and transport with one another. JEPI consists of two parts : Protocol Extensions Protocol (PEP) is an extension layer that sits on top of HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and Universal Payment Preamble (UPP) is the negotiation protocol that identifies appropriate payment methodology. These protocols are intended to make payment negotiations automatic for end users, happening at the moment of purchase, based on browser configurations. See also Electronic Commerce.

JES

Job Entry Subsystem. Control protocol and procedure for directing host processing of a task in an IBM host environment. Also the specific IBM software release, host-based, that performs job control functions.

JHTML

JHTML is an in-line scripting language that can be used to create dynamic Web pages. JHTML is composed of both Java and HTML code, with Java providing the data management logic, and HTML providing the Web page presentation. A Web server parses and evaluates the code for dynamic info (database, or any other real time data source) along with the plain HTML that is sent to a browser. JHTML coding can be done with a Java WebServer and a Web editor. Special Java "tags" ”<java> and </java> ”are placed in the code by programmers to indicate the beginning and end of the Java commands. JHTML pages can send and receive cookies to a user's browser to store information. Cookies are often used to track sessions. Microsoft had developed its Active Server Pages (ASPs) to enable server-side processing, so that the user doesn't need a return trip to the server, and as a response, Sun developed JHTML and Java Server Pages (JSPs). Sun claims that the advantage of JHTML over ASP is that Java is a much richer language that those that Microsoft uses. Other examples of in-line scripting languages are Mivascript, PHP, and iHTML.

Jini

A new software initiative by Sun Microsystems. Jini is 48,000 bytes of Java software code designed to let Java-enabled devices ( cell phones, handheld computers, digital cameras , printers, etc) communicate simply without network headaches of drivers, complex installations. According to Interactive Week, Java was designed to allow any program to "run anywhere," Jini is Sun's attempt to "connect anything" to anything else, at any time. A Java-based program that runs from a large computer server is used to track all the Jini devices. "Spontaneous networking" is the phrase Sun uses to describe Jini. Jini (pronounced jee-nee) is named for the supernatural being that inhabited Aladdin's lamp. Sun officials intentionally misspelled the word. It's usually spelled " genie " or "jinni." But Sun's intent was to couple it with Java. So Jini has the same number of letters .

Jiro

Sun's initiative to give developers a standard environment in which to create inter- operable storage management components. Originally known as Project StoreX, the goal of Jiro is to let any storage management tool, applet or application intgerface with other management tools.