A

ABS() function, 193, 475

ABSOLUTE (reserved word), 462, 464

ACID test, 254

ACOS() function, 193, 475

ACTION (reserved word), 462, 464

Active Directory procedures

sp_ActiveDirectory_Obj, 483

sp_ActiveDirectory_SCP, 483

Active Server Pages (ASP), 410

ADA (reserved word), 462

ADD (reserved word), 460, 462

adding records

defaults, inserting, 259–261

INSERT statement, 257–258

NULL values, inserting, 259–261

overview, 256

rows from another table, inserting, 261–262

SELECT INTO statement, 262

SELECT statement, 258

stored procedures, managing inserts using,262–263

ad-hoc queries, 350

ADMIN (reserved word), 464

ADO (ActiveX Data Objects), 402

Adventure Works Cycles database

installation of, 45

overview, 44–45

AFTER (reserved word), 464

aggregate functions

AVG() function, 165–166, 208, 209–210

COUNT() function, 166, 208–209, 472

COUNT_BIG() function, 208, 472

grouping data, 213–228

GROUPING() function, 472

list of, 472

MAX() function, 166–167, 208, 472

MIN() function, 166–167, 208, 472

overview, 164–165, 207–208

statistical functions, 210–212

STDEV() function, 208, 212, 472

STDEVP() function, 208, 212, 472

subqueries, used in, 286

SUM() function, 167, 208, 209, 472

system-supplied aggregate functions used to summarize column values, list of, 208

user-defined aggregate function, 212

VAR() function, 208, 210–211, 472

VARP() function, 208, 211, 472

AGGREGATE (reserved word), 464

ALIAS (reserved word), 464

ALL (reserved word), 460, 462

ALLOCATE (reserved word), 462, 464

ALTER (reserved word), 460, 462

ALTER statement, 117, 322

ALTER TABLE command, 457

altering database objects, 322

AND operator, 141, 319

AND (reserved word), 460, 462

ANSI standard, 2

ANY (reserved word), 460, 462

application integration, 444–447

application of normalization rules, 34–42

application programming interface (API), 401

application programming models

budget constraints, 400

categories of, 398–399

client/server database solutions, 401–404

currentness of data, 400

delivery time constraints, 400

design patterns, 397

desktop database applications, 400–401

infrastructure investment, 399

location of users, 399

multi-system integrated solutions, 411–412

multi-tier Web service solutions, 410–411

n-tier component solutions, 405–409

overview, 397–398

security requirements, 400

selection of, 398–399

storage space, 400

system availability requirements, 400

users accessing data, number of, 399

Web server application, 409–410

APP_NAME() function, 200, 480

ARE (reserved word), 462, 464

arguments, 161

ARRAY (reserved word), 464

AS (reserved word), 460, 462

ASC (reserved word), 460, 462

ASCII() function, 181–184, 478

ASIN() function, 193, 475

ASP (Active Server Pages), 410

ASSERTION (reserved word), 462, 464

AT (reserved word), 462, 465

ATAN() function, 193, 475

ATN2() function, 193, 475

AUTHORIZATION (reserved word), 460, 462

auto-commit transactions, 254

AVG() function, 165–166, 209–210, 472

AVG (reserved word), 462