A
Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition
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E
E-cadherin, in lung cancer 1641
E coli See Escherichia coli
EACA See e-Aminocaproic acid
Ear 180–194
barotrauma affecting 184
cauliflower 181
external 181
in HIV infection/AIDS 194
inner 187–193
middle 184–187
infection of See Otitis, media
neoplasia of 187
trauma to 187
painful See Earache
Ear canal 181–183
bony overgrowths (exostoses/osteomas) of 183
foreign body in 182
neoplasia of 183
pruritus of 182
Ear drops
for external otitis 182
ototoxic, avoidance of with perforated tympanic membrane 188
EAR (estimated average requirement) 1253
Earache (otalgia) 187
in acute otitis media 185 187
in barotrauma 184
in external otitis 182 187
in malignant external otitis 182 187
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, evaluation of cancer treatment response and 1688
Eastern (equine) encephalitis 1371–1373
Eating disorders 1270–1272
Eaton-Lambert syndrome See Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome
EBCT See Electron beam CT
Ebola hemorrhagic fever 1376
Ebstein's anomaly 337
EBV See Epstein-Barr virus
EC regimen, for breast cancer 719
Ecchymosis, of eye (black eye) 171
in nasal trauma 199
ECF See Extracellular fluid
ECG See Electrocardiogram
Echinacea angustifolia/pallida/purpurea 1712 1716
Echinocandins 1550 1585
Echinococcus (echinococcosis) 1513–1515
granulosus 1513
multilocularis 1513 1515
oligarthrus 1513
vogeli 1513
Echocardiography 316–317
in angina 345–346
in cardiac failure 390
in cardiomyopathy 401 401 403
in endocarditis 1416
in hypertension 426
in infectious myocarditis 399
in myocardial infarction 356
in pulmonary hypertension 291 411
stress/dobutamine stress 316–317
in cardiac failure 390
transesophageal See Transesophageal echocardiography
in valvular heart disease 325 327–328
Echolalia
in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1057
in Tourette's syndrome 1013
Echopraxia, in Tourette's syndrome 1013
Echovirus infections 1390
pericarditis 407 1390
Eclampsia 771 773
ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) scale, evaluation of cancer treatment response and 1688
Econazole 89
ECP See Extracorporeal counterpulsation
“Ecstasy” 1090 1618
“herbal” (ephedrine) 1618 1711
hyponatremia caused by 869
ECT See Electroconvulsive therapy
Ectasias, vascular See Vascular ectasias
Ecthyma 113
contagiosa (orf) 1388
gangrenosum 141
Ectopia lentis
in homocystinuria 1706
in Marfan's syndrome 1708
Ectopic pregnancy 769–771
hCG levels in 763 770
IUDs and 755
Ectropion 155
Eczema 94–97
drugs causing 147
herpeticum 96 108 1351 1355
P.1788
vaccinatum 96 111 1313
vesiculobullous hand (pompholyx/dyshidrosis/dyshidrotic eczema) 111–112
Edecrin See Ethacrynic acid
Edema
in anthrax 1411
arm, in breast cancer/postmastectomy 477 710 725
in cardiac failure 386 389
in cirrhosis 670–671
in glomerulonephritis 906 915
in heart disease 315–316
lower extremity 24–26 25
malabsorption and 600
in nephritic syndrome 915
in nephrotic syndrome 919 921
optic disk 169
in optic neuritis 169
in preeclampsia-eclampsia 771
refeeding 1266
in venous insufficiency 24–26 25 473
leg ulcers and 141 474
Edema toxin, anthrax 1411
Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA), for lead poisoning 1627
Edrophonium, for myasthenia diagnosis 1034
EDTA See Edetate calcium disodium
EDTRS (logMar) chart, for visual acuity testing 151
Efaproxiral (RSR13) 1659
Efavirenz 1338 1342 1343
fetal anomalies caused by 776
resistance to 1345
Effective circulating volume 865
Effexor See Venlafaxine
Effort thrombosis 468
Effusions See Malignant effusions; Pericardial effusions; Pleural effusions
Eflornithine, for African trypanosomiasis 1464–1465 1465
Egb761 (ginkgo extract) 1712 1715
EGFR See Epidermal growth factor receptor
EHEC See Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, aortic disorders/aneurysm in 414 449
pregnancy and 417
Ehrlichia (ehrlichiosis) 1355 1392 1396–1397
canis 1392 1397
chaffeensis 1392 1397
ewingii 1392 1397
Lyme disease coinfection and 1397 1462
EIC See Epidermal inclusion cysts
EIEC See Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive
Eighth nerve lesions (vestibular schwannoma/acoustic neuroma/neurinoma) 193–194 1000
hearing loss in 180 193 1000
in neurofibromatosis 1006
Eikenella corrodens, endocarditis caused by 1415
Eisenmenger's physiology 321 324
EITB See Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay
Ejaculate
blood in (hematospermia) 932
for semen analysis See Semen analysis
Ejaculation disturbances 951
in infertility 954
Ejaculatory ducts, obstruction of, in infertility 954
Ejection murmurs 315
Ejection sounds 315
Elapid (coral snake) envenomation 1635–1636
Elastic compression stockings See Compression stockings
Elavil See Amitriptyline
Elbow
tennis or golf 824
ulnar nerve lesions at 1028
Elder abuse 17 51 54 54 1094
Elderly patients 49–66
abuse and 17 51 54 54 1094
advance directives and 70
approach to 49–55 50 51
assessment of 50–54 53 54
benzodiazepine use in 1044
caregiver issues and 54
cholesterol screening in 1245–1246 1247
depressed 58–59 1094
disease presentation in 49
drug use (pharmacotherapy/polypharmacy) and 49 64–66 1094
cognitive disorders and 1095
falls and 61 1094
urinary incontinence and 62
exercise/activity for 54
falls and 16 60–62 61
anticoagulation and 65
screening for 51 52 53
frail, common problems in 55–66
functional assessment of 50–52 51
gynecomastia in 1100
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 403
immobility and 59–60
immunizations for 55
insomnia in 1079
mineralocorticoid-responsive hyponatremia in 869
PPD testing in congregate living and 55
preventive care and 54–55
principles of management of 49
psychiatric disorders in 1094–1095
psychosis in (late life psychosis) 1057 1094 1095
renal disorders in 930
suicide risk and 1094
weight loss in 28 64
Electric burns 1596 1597 1599
fasciotomy in 1597
Electric shock 1599
Electrical alternans, in pericardial effusion 409
Electrical cardioversion See Cardioversion, electrical
Electrocardiogram (ECG) 316
in acute renal failure 901
ambulatory monitoring of
in angina 346
in arrhythmia evaluation 367
seizures and 983
in angina 344 346
antidepressants affecting 1071
antipsychotic drugs affecting 1062
in arrhythmia evaluation 367
in calcium imbalances 878 879
in cardiac failure 389–390
in cardiomyopathy 401 401 403 404
in cor pulmonale 412
exercise, in angina 344–345
in hypertension 426
in hypothermia 1590 1590
in infectious myocarditis 399
lithium affecting 1076
in myocardial infarction 356
in pericardial effusion 409
in pericarditis 407
in pneumothorax 303
in potassium imbalances 873 876
in pregnancy 416
in pulmonary embolism 281 282
in pulmonary hypertension 291 411
signal-averaged, in arrhythmia evaluation 367–368
in syncope 385
in valvular heart disease 327
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 1068 1073–1074
for catatonia 1061
for neuroleptic malignant syndrome 1063
Electrodesiccation and curettage, for basal cell carcinoma 130
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
in epilepsy 982
absence (petit mal) seizures and 981
nonconvulsive status epilepticus and 986
solitary seizure and 985
in intracranial mass lesions 1002
isoelectric, in brain death determination 1019
in pseudoseizure identification 983 1048
in psychiatric disorders 1040
Electrolytes 865 866
disorders of concentration of 865–884
replacement guidelines for 894 895
requirements for in nutritional support 1282
Electromyography
in motor neuron disease 1022
in muscular dystrophy 1035
in myasthenia gravis 1034
Electron beam CT (EBCT), in angina 346
Electron beam radiation therapy 1660
Electronystagmography, in vertigo 190 192
Electrophoresis See Hemoglobin electrophoresis; Immunofixation electrophoresis; Serum protein electrophoresis
Electrophysiologic testing, in arrhythmia/syncope evaluation 368
Electrovaporization of prostate, transurethral, for benign prostatic hyperplasia 961
Elemental nutritional support 1282
Elephantiasis
in chromoblastomycosis 1547
in filariasis 1522 1524
Eleutherococcus senticosus 1717
Elidel See Pimecrolimus
ELISA See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Elocon See Mometasone
Elongation factor, diphtheria toxin affecting 1414
Emadine See Emedastine
Embolectomy 461
pulmonary 289
Embolism See also Thromboembolism
air/gas, underwater diving/air travel and 1603
arterial See Arterial embolism
in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale 321
pulmonary See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism
in transient ischemic attacks 988 990
Embolization
for gastrointestinal bleeding 554 556
for intracranial aneurysm 996 997
for intracranial arteriovenous malformations 998
Embryo, radiation exposure affecting 765 1600 1601
Embryonal cell carcinoma, of testis 971
Emedastine, for ophthalmic disease 176
P.1789
Emergencies See Hypertensive emergencies; Oncologic emergencies
Emergency/postcoital contraception 757
IUD for 755 757
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1036
Emesis See also Nausea and vomiting
for poisoning/drug overdose 1611
Emetine
adverse effects of 1472
for amebiasis 1470 1471 1472
Emission, loss of 951
Emmetropia 153
Emollients 86–91 90
Emotive imagery, for anxiety disorders 1047
Emphysema 238 239
α1-antiprotease deficiency in 240
replacement therapy and 242
bullectomy for 243
imaging findings in 239
management of 242
pulmonary function tests in 239
subcutaneous 304
Emphysematous pyelonephritis 939
Empyema
anaerobes causing 1434
group A streptococci causing 1402
middle ear 185
pleural 300 301
in pneumonia 255 302
in pneumococcal pneumonia 1403
Emtricitabine 1337 1340 1342 1343
resistance to 1344 1344
with tenofovir 1340 1343
Emtriva See Emtricitabine
Enalapril, for hypertension 434
Enalaprilat, for hypertensive urgencies/emergencies 443 445
Enbrel See Etanercept
Encainide 368
Encephalitis 1294
acanthamoeba 1295 1473
arbovirus 1371–1373
cysticercotic 1510 1512
cytomegalovirus 1361
enterovirus 71 causing 1390–1391
herpes simplex 1351 1354
in Lyme disease 1458
measles 1363
mumps 1365
paraneoplastic 1695–1698
parkinsonism after 1007
rabies 1369–1371
after smallpox vaccination 1313
tick-borne 1371 1379–1380
West Nile 1371–1373
yellow fever vaccine-associated 1315
Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis 1475 1476 1477 1478
Encephalopathy
acute high-altitude 1605
alcohol use/abuse and (chronic alcoholic brain syndromes) 1084 1086
bovine spongiform (mad cow disease) 1374–1375
in cancer 1004 1005
coma or stupor caused by 1019
hepatic See Hepatic encephalopathy
hypertensive 425 442
hyponatremic 870
lead 1626 1627
gasoline sniffing and 1090
lithium causing 1076
in Lyme disease 1459
metabolic See Metabolic encephalopathy
in Reye's syndrome See Reye's disease/syndrome
in rubella 1369
spongiform, bovine (mad cow disease) 1374–1375
trypanosomiasis treatment and 1464
uremic 910
Wernicke's 1017 1084 1092 1103 1273
Enchondromas 862
End of life
care of family and 68–69 68
diagnosis of 67
K bler-Ross' stages of 82–83
patient expectations about 67–68
provision of care during 67–85
advance directives about 70
communicating with patient and 68 68
cultural issues in 71
DNAR orders and 70 70
ethical and legal issues in 69
in hospice/palliative care program 71
limits of 69
nutrition/hydration needs and 82
patient's wishes regarding 67–68 70
psychologic/social/spiritual issues and 82–84 83 84
setting and structure of 69–71
symptom management and 71–81
withdrawal/withholding curative efforts and 69 82 83
role of clinician at 68 68
limitations and 69
tasks after death and 84–85
End organ hypoperfusion, in shock/impending shock 478
Endarterectomy
carotid See Carotid endarterectomy/thromboendarterectomy
for lower extremity occlusive disease 455
Endemic flea-borne (murine) typhus 1392 1393–1394
Endemic goiter 1130–1131
Endemic syphilis 1454
Endocarditis
infective 1414–1420 1416 1417 1418 1555
anaerobic 1435
anticoagulation during 1419
antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and 1416 1416 1417
during pregnancy 417 778
rheumatic heart disease and 406 1415
aortic regurgitation and 335
in bartonellosis 1434
candidal 1537
Chlamydia psittaci causing 1441
coxiella causing 1397 1398
in drug user 1298 1415 1419 1555
enterococcal 1403 1415 1418–1419
fever/FUO in 1287
fungal 1415
gonococcal 1432
HACEK organisms causing 1415 1419
in mitral valve prolapse 331
in patent ductus arteriosus 324
pneumococcal 1403 1404
prosthetic valve 1415 1419
in Q fever 1397 1398
staphylococcal 1415 1416 1419
coagulase-negative organisms causing 1408 1415 1419
streptococcal 1402 1415 1418
viridans streptococci causing 1402 1415 1417–1418
surgical management of 1419
tricuspid regurgitation and 337
in ventricular septal defect 322
Libman-Sacks, in systemic lupus erythematosus 834–835
valve replacement for 338 1419
Endocervical curettage 729
in abnormal premenopausal bleeding 728
in cervical cancer 736
in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 735
in endometrial carcinoma 738
Endocrine system See also specific gland
disorders of 1098–1193
cancer-related 1696
cognitive disorders/delirium caused by 1091
common presentations in 1098–1103
in HIV infection/AIDS 1327
preoperative evaluation/management of patient with 44–46 45
in renal failure 911
radiation affecting 1600
Endocrine therapy See Hormone therapy
Endogenous unipolar disorder 1066
Endoleaks, after abdominal aneurysm repair 448
Endolymphatic hydrops (Meniere's syndrome) 191
autoimmune hearing loss and 189
management of 192 193
Endometrial biopsy 729
in abnormal premenopausal bleeding 728
in endometrial carcinoma 738
in infertility workup 749
in postmenopausal vaginal bleeding 730
Endometrial carcinoma/cancer of uterus 738–739 1664
breast cancer risk and 706 706
estrogen replacement therapy and 738 1187
hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and 636 637 1643
incidence/risk/mortality of 738 1640
oral contraceptive use and 753
persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome) and 746
Endometrial curettage See Endometrial biopsy
Endometrial hyperplasia, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding caused by 730
Endometrioid carcinoma, ovarian 745
Endometriosis 740–741
infertility and 749
painful intercourse and 740 747 748
Endometriotic ovarian cysts 744
Endometritis 741–743
amenorrhea and 1184
postpartum, streptococcal 780
Endomyocardial biopsy, in infectious myocarditis 399–400
Endomyocardial fibrosis 404
Endomysial antibodies, in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis 113 602
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis 689 690
in liver disease/jaundice 652
during pregnancy 782
Endoscopic ultrasonography
in gastric adenocarcinoma 597
in gastric lymphoma 599
P.1790
in gastric mesenchymal tumors 599–600
in liver disease/jaundice 652
in lung cancer 268
in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma 595 1178
Endoscopy
in achalasia 580
in anisakiasis 1516
in celiac disease 602–603
in diarrhea 550–551
in dyspepsia 537
in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis/gastropathy 582
in esophageal disorders 564
Barrett's esophagus 567
bleeding varices 574
prevention of first bleeding episode and 576
rebleeding prevention and 575
cancer 577
gastroesophageal reflux disease 566
treatment and 569
motility disorders 581
stricture 567
in gastric carcinoma 597
in gastric lymphoma 599
in gastric outlet obstruction 594
in Helicobacter pylori detection/assessment 584
in Mallory-Weiss syndrome 572
in occult gastrointestinal bleeding 558
in peptic ulcer disease 587–588
bleeding management and 593
in pernicious anemia gastritis 585
in ulcerative colitis 628
in upper gastrointestinal bleeding 553
in peptic ulcer disease 593
in Whipple's disease 604
Endostatin 1699
Endothelial growth factor, vascular See Vascular endothelial growth factor
Endotracheal aspiration cultures, in pneumonia 254
Endotracheal intubation See Intubation
Endovaginal ultrasound See Ultrasonography
Endovascular surgery/prostheses See also Stents/stent grafts
for abdominal aortic aneurysm 447–448
for intracranial aneurysm 996 997
for lower extremity occlusive disease 454
for renal artery stenosis 460 914
for thoracic aortic aneurysm 449
for visceral aneurysms 450 451
Endrin, poisoning caused by 1622
Endurance exercise, hyponatremia after 869
Enemas
barium See Barium enema
for constipation 543
Energy expenditure 1253 1258 1282–1283
Energy medicine 1709
Energy requirements 1253 1258
deficiency and (protein-energy malnutrition) 1264–1267
in nutritional support 1281–1282
Enfuvirtide (peptide T-20) 1338 1342
Engerix B See Hepatitis B vaccine
Enoxaparin
for acute coronary syndromes 352
for deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism
in prevention 287
in treatment 288 472
after tenecteplase therapy for myocardial infarction 359
Entacapone, for parkinsonism 1009–1010
with levodopa and carbidopa 1009 1010
Entamoeba See also Amebiasis
dispar 1467 1469 1470
histolytica 549 550 1299 1301 1467 1469 1470
moshkovskii 1469
Enteral nutritional support (tube feedings) 1280–1281
in burn injury 1598
complications of 1283
for Crohn's disease 624
for elderly 64
patient monitoring during 1285
solutions for 1282–1283 1283
for terminally ill/dying patient 82
Enteric (typhoid) fever 1425–1426
immunization against 1314 1425–1426
Enteric infection, irritable bowel syndrome caused by 615–616
Enteritis See also Gastroenteritis
eosinophilic, dog hookworm causing 1526
Enterobacter infections 1552
pneumonia caused by 253 254
Enterobius gregorii/vermicularis (enterobiasis/pinworm infection) 1521–1522
Enterocele 741
Enteroclysis, small bowel, in occult gastrointestinal bleeding 558
Enterococcus faecalis/faecium (enterococcal infection) 1402–1403 1552
endocarditis 1403 1415 1418–1419
Enterocolitis See also Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis
in HIV infection/AIDS 545 546 549 1326–1327
salmonella 545 1300 1301 1303 1426
Enterocytozoon
bieneusi 1475 1477 1478
cuniculi 1477
hellem 1477
Enterolithotomy, for gallstone ileus 685
Enteropancreatic tumors, in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1191
Enteropathy
gluten (celiac disease/sprue) See Celiac disease
protein-losing 601 614–615 614
in measles 1363
Enteroscopy, in gastrointestinal bleeding 556 558
Enterostomies, tube 1280–1281
Enterovirus infections 1355 1389–1391
Enterovirus 70/enterovirus 71 1390–1391
Enterovirus 72 See Hepatitis A virus
Entocort See Budesonide
Entrapment/compression neuropathy 1023 1028
common peroneal nerve 1029
femoral nerve 1029
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (meralgia paresthetica) 1029
median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome) 821–822
pronator teres or anterior interosseous nerve 1028
radial nerve (Saturday night palsy) 1029
in rheumatoid arthritis 828 1026
sciatic nerve 1029
tibial nerve (tarsal tunnel syndrome) 1029
ulnar nerve (cubital tunnel syndrome) 1028–1029
Entrapment syndrome, popliteal 455–456
Entropion 155
in trachoma 156
Entry inhibitors (peptide T-20/enfuvirtide), for HIV infection/AIDS 1338 1342
Enuresis 1081
in diabetes insipidus 1108
in diabetes mellitus 1198
Environmental carcinogens, in cancer etiology 1644
Environmental lung disorders 293–299
Environmental tobacco smoke See Passive smoking
Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay, in cysticercosis 1511
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 800
in HIV infection/AIDS 1330
in Lyme disease 1459
Eosinophil count, laboratory reference range for 1737
Eosinophilia
in ascariasis 1518
cancer-related 1697
in hookworm disease 1525
in loiasis 1527
in pulmonary disorders See Eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes
in strongyloidiasis 1530
in toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) 1534
in trichinosis 1532
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome 839
Eosinophilic enteritis, dog hookworm causing 1526
Eosinophilic esophagitis 572–573
Eosinophilic fasciitis 839
Eosinophilic folliculitis 119
in HIV infection/AIDS 119
Eosinophilic gastritis 585
Eosinophilic ileocolitis, angiostrongylus causing 1517
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, angiostrongylus causing 1516–1517
Eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes 280
ascariasis causing 280 1518
filariasis causing 280 1522–1523
Eosinophiluria 896
Ependymoma 1000 1003
Ephedra (Ma-huang) 1712 1718
safety/toxicity of 1711 1718
Ephedrine, abuse of (“herbal ecstasy”) 1618 1711
Ephelides (freckles) 93 143
Epicondylitis, lateral and medial 824
Epidemic encephalitis, enterovirus 71 causing 1390–1391
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 156 1386
Epidemic louse-borne typhus 1391–1393 1392
Epidemic pleurodynia (Bornholm disease) 1389
Epidermal growth factor receptor, blockade of, in cancer treatment 1667 1698
Epidermal inclusion cysts (EIC) 139
furuncles differentiated from 138
Epidermoid cyst, testicular 972
Epididymis
assessment of 933–934
torsion of 933–934
Epididymitis 933 939 942–943 1556
chlamydial 943 1556
in filariasis 1522
gonococcal 943 1431 1556
P.1791
Epidural abscess
back pain and 817 818
otitis media and 186
sinusitis and 196
vertebral osteomyelitis and 859 1406
Epidural hemorrhage
cerebral 1020
spinal 999
Epifrin See Epinephrine
Epigastric pain See Abdominal pain/tenderness; Dyspepsia
Epiglottitis (supraglottitis) 209
Haemophilus influenzae causing 1422
Epilepsia partialis continua 1013
Epilepsy 980–986 981 984–985
drug therapy for 983–985 984–985
idiopathic/constitutional 980
myoclonus in 981 981 985 1012 1013
photosensitive 982
posttraumatic 980
pregnancy in patient with 780
surgical management of 985
vagal nerve stimulation in management of 985
Epileptic drop attacks (atonic seizures) 982
Epinephrine
for anaphylaxis 792
deficiency of 1105
for desensitization reactions 1316
endoscopic injection of, for bleeding peptic ulcer 593
for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
in pheochromocytoma 1175
Epipodophyllotoxins, secondary malignancies associated with 1644–1645
Epirubicin 1675
toxicity of 1675
Episcleritis, inflammation patterns in 153
Epispadias 933
Epistaxis 199
cocaine abuse and 1089
juvenile angiofibroma and 200
in polycythemia 500
Epithelial cells/casts, in urine 896 935
Epithelioma, basal cell, of eyelid 154–155
Epivir See Lamivudine
Eplerenone
for hypertension 429
for myocardial infarction 360
EPO See Erythropoietin
Epoetin alfa See Erythropoietin
Epoprostenol, for pulmonary hypertension 292 411
Eprosartan 433 434
Epsom salts See Magnesium sulfate
Epstein-Barr virus 1358–1360
Burkitt's lymphoma and 1359 1644
mononucleosis caused by 1355 1358–1359
nasal/paranasal T cell lymphoma and 201 1359 1644
nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 201 1359
Eptifibatide, for acute coronary syndromes 352 353
Epzicom See Abacavir, with lamivudine
Equianalgesic dosing 74 77–78
Equine encephalitis 1371–1373
Equine rabies antiserum 1370
Erbitux See Cetuximab
Erb's (limb-girdle) muscular dystrophy 1035–1036 1036
ERCP See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Erec-Aid System See Vacuum constriction device
Erectile dysfunction/impotence 950–954 1101
in diabetes mellitus 1101 1224 1224–1225
drugs causing 950 951 1101 1102
antidepressants 1070 1071
antipsychotics 1062
endocrine causes of 951 1101
hypogonadism and 1180
phosphodiesterase inhibitors/sildenafil for 454 952 1054 1070 1224
psychologic 1053 1054
vascular disease and 453 454 951 952 1101
Erections
loss of 950
prolonged painful See Priapism
Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) 1158
for hypoparathyroidism/tetany 1149 1149
for osteomalacia 1160–1161
Ergoloid mesylates, for dementia 1093
Ergonovine
breast feeding and 786
for migraine prophylaxis 976
Ergosterol See Ergocalciferol
Ergot alkaloids/ergot derivatives, for parkinsonism 1009
Ergotamine, for migraine headache 975–976
breast feeding and 786
pregnancy and 976
Ergotoxine alkaloids, for dementia 1093
Erlotinib 1669–1670 1676 1699
Erosive esophagitis See Esophagitis
Erosive gastritis See Gastritis
Ertapenem 1569
therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1558
Eructation (belching) 544
Eruptive psoriasis 97
Eruptive xanthoma 1244
in diabetes mellitus 1198 1225
ERV (expiratory reserve volume) 223
Erysipelas 124 1401 1556
Erysipeloid 124
Erythemas 92 121–125
chemotherapy-induced 1683
in dermatomyositis 840
induratum 137
infectiosum (parvovirus B19) 1355 1387
infectious 124–125
marginatum, in rheumatic fever 405
migrans 123–124 1458 1461
multiforme 120–123
drugs causing 122 123
herpes simplex infection and 122 1351 1354
major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) 122–123
drugs causing 122 146 147 793
herpes simplex causing 1351
nodosum 137–138
drugs causing 147
leprosum 1440
palmar, in cirrhosis 669
pernio (chilblain) 1591
reactive 121–124
toxic, drugs causing 147
Erythrasma, tinea differentiated from 102
Erythroblastosis fetalis, prevention of 783
Erythrocyte count, laboratory reference range for 1737 1742
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, laboratory reference range for 1737
Erythrocytes See also under Red cell
in pleural fluid 301
in urine 896 897 935
in glomerulonephritis 915
Erythrocytosis
cancer-related 970 1697
in obstructive sleep apnea 306
testosterone replacement therapy and 1182
Erythroderma, exfoliative 106–107
drugs causing 106 147
psoriatic 97 107
Erythrogenic toxin
scarlet fever caused by 1402
toxic shock syndrome caused by 1402
Erythroleukemia 508
Erythromelalgia 466 532
cancer-associated 863
in essential thrombocytosis 502
Erythromycin 1569
for acne 88 116
for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment 1412
with benzoyl peroxide 88 116
cost of 1562
for ophthalmic disorders 175
resistance to 1569
for streptococcal pharyngitis 1401
for surgical site infection prophylaxis 47
therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1558
topical, for acne 88 116
Erythroplakia 202–203
Erythropoiesis-stimulating protein (NESP/darbopoetin), for chemotherapy-induced toxicity 1678 1681
Erythropoietin (EPO), laboratory reference range for 1737
Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa)
for anemia of chronic disease 484
for anemia of renal failure 484 910
for chemotherapy-induced toxicity 1678 1681
for HIV infection/AIDS 1346
for myelodysplasia 507
Erythrotoxin, pyrogenic See Erythrogenic toxin
Escharotomy, in burn care 1597
Escherichia coli 1552
enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) 546 1427
enteroinvasive (EIEC) 1427
enterotoxigenic (ETEC) 545 1299 1301 1427
gastroenteritis/food poisoning caused by 545 1299 1300 1301 1302 1427
pneumonia caused by 248 253
urinary tract infection caused by 936 937 1552 1556
Escherichia coli O157:H7 545–546 546 1299 1427
diarrhea caused by 545–546 546 1299 1300 1427
antibiotics contraindicated in 548 1300
hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by 522 1300 1427
Escitalopram 1070 1072
Esclim See Estradiol transdermal systems
Esidrix See Hydrochlorothiazide
Esmolol
for arrhythmias 369
atrial fibrillation 376
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 373
for hypertensive urgencies/emergencies 443 445
P.1792
Esomeprazole 588
Esophageal clearance, abnormal, in gastroesophageal reflux disease 565–566
Esophageal dilation
for achalasia 580
for esophageal webs and rings 572
for motility disorders 581
for stricture 567 571
Esophageal diverticula 573
Esophageal dysphagia 564 564
Esophageal manometry 565
in achalasia 580
in motility disorders 581
Esophageal motility disorders 579–581
chest pain in 344 580 581–582
dysphagia in 564 564 580 581
Esophageal pH monitoring 565
in chronic aspiration of gastric contents 294
in gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux 210 565 566
Esophageal rings 572–573
Esophageal spasm, diffuse 581
dysphagia in 564 581
Esophageal sphincter, lower
achalasia and 580
chronic aspiration of gastric contents and 294
hypertensive 581
incompetent, in gastroesophageal reflux disease 565
Esophageal varices 573–576
in cirrhosis 573 574 669 670
gastrointestinal bleeding from 551–552 573–576
in noncirrhotic portal hypertension 680
prevention of first bleeding episode and 576
prevention of rebleeding from 575–576
Esophageal webs 572–573
iron deficiency anemia and (Plummer-Vinson syndrome) 482 572
Esophagectomy, for esophageal cancer 578
Esophagitis
bisphosphonates and 1157 1162
candidal 570 1536
in HIV infection/AIDS 1322 1326 1336
chest pain in 344
cytomegalovirus 570–571 1360
eosinophilic 572–573
erosive/reflux 565 566
Barrett's esophagus and 566–567
gastrointestinal bleeding and 552
proton pump inhibitors for 567 568 568–569
strictures and 567
herpetic 571 1351 1354
in HIV infection/AIDS 570–571 1322 1326
infectious 570–571
pill-induced 571
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, in cirrhosis 669
Esophagography, barium See Barium esophagography
Esophagus
Barrett's 566–567
esophageal carcinoma and 567 577
cancer of 577–579 578 1664
Barrett's esophagus and 567 577
dysphagia in 564 577
disorders of 563–582
benign 572–577
caustic injury 571–572 1617 1617–1618
chest pain in 344 580 581–582
evaluation of 563–565 564
gastroesophageal reflux disease 565–570
malignant 577–579 578
motility and 579–581
radiation causing 1600
foreign body in 214
nutcracker 581
resection of, for cancer 578
rupture of
pleural effusion in 301
vomiting and (Boerhaave's syndrome) 538
in scleroderma 838 839
sigmoid 580
strictures of
caustic injury causing 571 1618
dysphagia in 564 567
peptic 567
tumors of
benign 573
malignant 577–579 578
Espundia (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis) 1480–1481 1485–1486
Essential amino acids 1253–1257
Essential fatty acids See also Fatty acids
in nutritional support 1282
Essential hypertension 419–422
Essential thrombocytosis 500 502–503 1664
Essure, for tubal interruption 758
Estazolam 1045
Estimated average requirement (EAR) 1253
Estrace See Estrogen vaginal creams
Estraderm See Estradiol transdermal systems
Estradiol See also Ethinyl estradiol
serum levels of, in menopause 1185
Estradiol transdermal systems (skin patches) 1186
Estradiol vaginal ring
for atrophic urethritis/vaginitis 748 761 1186–1187
contraceptive 754
Estradiol vaginal tablets 1186
Estramustine 1672
Estratab See Estrogens, oral
Estratest See Estrogens, with methyltestosterone
Estring See Estradiol vaginal ring
Estrogen-progesterone therapy See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy
Estrogen receptor modulators, selective (SERMs) See Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy 761 1186–1189
androgen replacement and 1188–1189
for atrophic urethritis/vaginitis 748 761 1186–1187
benefits of 1187
breast cancer risk and 706 724 1187 1188 1645
colorectal cancer prevention and 638
endometrial carcinoma and 738 1187
for hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism 1154
lipid modification/heart disease prevention and 341 761 1187 1188
oral 1186 1187
for osteoporosis prevention/management 761 1156
ovarian cancer risk and 1187–1188 1188 1645
progestins in 1186 1187 1188 1645
risks of 761 1187–1188 1645
after surgical menopause 761–762
transdermal 1186
in Turner's syndrome 1189
vaginal 1186–1187
for vasomotor symptoms of menopause 761 1187
Estrogen vaginal creams 1186
Estrogens See also Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy
for abnormal premenopausal bleeding 729
adverse ocular effects of 178
breast feeding and 786
in fibrocystic breast condition 702
hypertension and 424
with methyltestosterone 1188–1189
oral 1186
in oral contraceptives 751 751–752
in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome) 746
with progestins 1186 1188
for prostate cancer 966
receptors for
antagonist of, in cancer chemotherapy 1673
in breast cancer 716–717
hormone therapy and 716–717 719 720 721–722 1670
in male 727
prognosis and 724
serum levels of, in menopause 1185
synthetic 1186
testicular tumors producing 1182
transdermal 1186
in utero exposure to, testicular cancer and 971
vaginal 748 761 1186–1187
Estrone, serum levels of
in menopause 1185
in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome) 746
Etanercept 805
for ankylosing spondylitis 853
for rheumatoid arthritis 831
ETEC See Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic
Ethacrynic acid 429
Ethambutol 260
adverse ocular effects of 179
for tuberculosis 260–261 260 261
in bone and joint disease 861
in pregnancy 262 781
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) See also Alcohol use/dependency/abuse
blood levels of 1615 1624
in acute intoxication/poisoning 1083–1084 1624
laboratory reference range for 1737
for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning 1611 1628
Ethanol intoxication/poisoning 1083–1084 1615 1624–1625
osmolar gap and 872 1614 1614
Ethical issues/principles 2
in end-of-life care 69
autopsy and organ donation and 85
Ethinyl estradiol See also Estradiol
for cancer chemotherapy 1673
for emergency contraception 757
in oral contraceptives 751–752
in transdermal contraceptive patch 754
in vaginal contraceptive ring 754
Ethionamide, for tuberculosis 1575
Ethmoiditis 195
P.1793
Ethnicity See Racial/ethnic background
Ethosuximide 985
breast feeding and 786
monitoring concentrations of 1733
for seizures 985
Ethyl alcohol See Alcohol use/dependency/abuse (alcoholism); Ethanol
Ethylene glycol poisoning 1611 1615 1628
anion gap/osmolar gap in 872 1614 1614 1628
hemodialysis for 1613 1628
Ethynodiol diacetate, in combination oral contraceptives 751
Etodolac 75
peptic ulcers and 587
Etonogestrel, in vaginal ring 754
Etoposide 1675
for lung cancer 271
secondary malignancies and 1645
Etretinate, adverse ocular effects of 179
Eucerin 90
Eumycetoma (maduromycosis) 1547
Euphoria, opioid-induced 79
EUS See Endoscopic ultrasonography
Eustachian tube See Auditory tube
Euvolemic hypernatremia 872
Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia 867 868–870
Evans's syndrome 496 519
Evaporative cooling, for heat stroke 1594
Event recording, in arrhythmia evaluation 367
seizures and 983 1048
Everolimus 804
Evista See Raloxifene
Ewing's sarcoma 862
Exanthema subitum (roseola) 1355 1362
Exanthems
rickettsial 1355–1356
viral 1355–1356 1387–1389
Exchange lists, diabetic diet 1205
Exchange transfusion, for sickle cell crises 494
Excitement (arousal) stage of sexual activity 1052
disorders related to (paraphilias) 1052–1053 1053–1054
Exclamation hairs, in alopecia areata 144
Exelderm See Sulconazole
Exemestane 1670 1673
Exenatide, for diabetes mellitus 1212
Exercise/activity
angina precipitated by 343
asthma/bronchoconstriction precipitated by 227
long-acting beta-adrenergic agents for 231
mediator inhibitors for 231
short-acting beta-adrenergic agents for 234
in cardiac failure management 395
complications/risks of 12
for COPD 242
in diabetes prevention/management 12 1203 1216–1217
energy expenditure and 1253 1258
erythromelalgia precipitated by 466
in health maintenance 3 12–13
in elderly 54
heart disease prevention and 12 341
heart murmurs affected by 329
heat exposure syndromes and 1594
hypertension/hypertension management and 12 421 422 426
hyponatremia and 869
for lower extremity occlusive disease 454
in obesity management 1099 1268
for osteoarthritis 12 810
for osteoporosis prevention 1158
during pregnancy 765
reduced See Bed rest; Immobility
for rheumatoid arthritis 829
ventricular premature beats and 379
Exercise challenge testing, in asthma 227
Exercise-induced asthma 227
long-acting beta-adrenergic agents for 231
mediator inhibitors for 231
short-acting beta-adrenergic agents for 234
Exercise-induced hypoglycemia 1217
Exercise testing See also Stress testing
in asthma 227
cardiopulmonary 224–225
echocardiography 316–317
in angina 346
electrocardiography 316
in angina 344–345
postinfarction 365
preoperative 415
radionuclide angiography, in angina 345
Exertional dyspnea 218 312
Exertional heat stroke 1594
Exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma 106–107
drugs causing 106 147
psoriatic 97 107
Exhibitionism 1052
Existential challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient 83–84 84
Exophiala, phaeohyphomycosis caused by 1550
Exophthalmos (proptosis) 152–153
in dysthyroid eye disease 170 1137 1141
Exostoses, ear canal 183
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) 223
Exposure (cold) See Cold exposure
External ear 181
External hordeolum (sty) 154
External otitis 182
earache in 182 187
malignant (otogenic skull base osteomyelitis) 182–183 186
External qigong 1709
Extracellular fluid (ECF) 865
Extracorporeal blood rewarming, for hypothermia 1591
Extracorporeal counterpulsation, for angina 349
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
for renal stones 947
for ureteral stones 947
Extramammary Paget's disease 107–108
Extraocular movements See Eye movements
Extrapyramidal disorders/effects
antipsychotic drugs and 1063–1064 1633
dementia and 56
lithium and 1076
Extrasystoles (premature beats)
atrial (supraventricular) 372
in myocardial infarction 361
ventricular 379
in myocardial infarction 362
Extrauterine pregnancy See Ectopic pregnancy
Extremities
hypothermia of 1591
ischemic (limb ischemia) 461–462
in lower extremity occlusive disease 453
lower See under Lower extremity
traumatic injury to, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and 466–467 822
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) 296–297 296
Exudates, pleural fluid 300 300
Eye 150–179
chemical burns involving 172 1611 1617 1618
decontamination of 172 1611 1617 1618
disorders of See also specific type and Visual impairment/loss
allergic 157
in Beh et's syndrome 162 851
blood dyscrasias and 168
in cysticercosis 1511 1512
diabetes and 167 1198 1198 1221
drugs (systemic) causing 178 178–179
dysthyroid (Graves' ophthalmopathy) 170 1135 1137 1140 1141
headache and 32 150
herpetic 158 1351
in HIV infection/AIDS 168
infections
gonococcal 156 1432
treatment of 172
inflammation 150 151 153
drugs for management of 174–175
in loiasis 1526
management of
drugs/techniques in 172–177 173–176
precautions in 177–178
referral to ophthalmologist and 153
in Marfan's syndrome 1708
in onchocerciasis 1527 1528
refractive errors 153–154
symptoms of 150–151
in syphilis 162 1444 1450
in systemic lupus erythematosus 834
in toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) 1534–1535
traumatic 171–172
in vitamin A deficiency 1276
dry (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) 156–157
in Sj gren's syndrome 842
examination of 151–153
abbreviations and symbols used in 152
in diabetes patients 161 167
in elderly 51 52
in glaucoma prevention 161
foreign body in
conjunctival/corneal 150 171
intraocular 171
painful 150
red 150 151 153
drugs for management of 174–175
systemic drugs affecting 178 178–179
Eye bandages 177
Eye movements 152
in coma or stupor 1018
disorders of
in myasthenia gravis 1034
in ocular motor palsies 170
in locked-in-syndrome 1019
Eyedrops See also Ocular medications
instillation of 177
preservatives in, allergic/toxic reaction to 177
Eyelids
disorders of 154–155
ptosis and 153
lacerations of 171
retraction of
in dysthyroid eye disease 170 1137
proptosis differentiated from 153
seborrheic dermatitis affecting margins of 100
taping, for corneal protection 177
tumors of 154–155
Eyestrain 150
Ezetimibe, for lipid modification/heart disease prevention 1250 1251
P.1794
dF508 mutation, in cystic fibrosis 245
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