| In this chapter, you have learned about routing protocols and how routing is configured and managed using Windows Server 2003. In the following exercises, you will practice some of the concepts and methods discussed in this chapter. Exercises 7.1. Adding a Static Route to the Existing Routing Table This exercise explores using the route command to add a static route to an existing routing table on an RRAS server. This method provides a way for you to add static routes to routing configurations. Estimated Time: 5 minutes Select Start, Programs, Accessories, Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type the following: route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 METRIC 3 Type route print in the Command Prompt window. Type exit to leave the Command Prompt window.
7.2. Configuring an AS Border Router This exercise explores using the Routing and Remote Access console to configure a border router for an AS within an OSPF network. Estimated Time: 10 minutes Open the Routing and Remote Access console by selecting Start, Control Panel, Administrative Tools, Routing and Remote Access. In the console tree, select OSPF by using the plus (+) button to expand the Routing and Remote Access option, select the server, and highlight the IP Routing option. Right-click OSPF and then click Properties. On the General tab, click Enable Autonomous System Boundary Router. On the External Routing tab, click either Accept Routes from All Route Sources Except Those Selected or Ignore Routes from All Route Sources Except Those Selected. Select or clear the appropriate options next to the route sources.
7.3. Configuring an Interface of a Virtual Link This exercise explores using the Routing and Remote Access console to configure a virtual interface for one side of an OSPF virtual link. Estimated Time: 15 minutes Open the Routing and Remote Access console by selecting Start, Control Panel, Administrative Tools, Routing and Remote Access. In the console tree, select OSPF by using the plus (+) button to expand the Routing and Remote Access option, select the server, and highlight the IP routing option. Right-click OSPF, and then click Properties. On the Virtual Interfaces tab, click Add. In the Transit Area ID field, select the transit area through which you are connecting the virtual link. In the Virtual Neighbor Router ID field, type the OSPF router ID of the router at the other endpoint of the virtual link. In the Transit Delay (Seconds) field, click the arrows to set the transit delay, in seconds. In the Retransmit Interval (Seconds) field, click the arrows to set the retransmit interval, in seconds. In the Hello Interval (Seconds) field, click the arrows to set the hello interval, in seconds. In the Dead Interval (Seconds) field, click the arrows to set the dead interval, in seconds. If the backbone area is configured to have a password, in the Plaintext Password field, type a password.
7.4. Adding an IP Routing Protocol to an RRAS Server This exercise explores adding an IP routing protocol to your RRAS server. Estimated Time: 5 minutes Open the Routing and Remote Access console by selecting Start, Control Panel, Administrative Tools, Routing and Remote Access. In the console tree, select General by using the plus (+) button to expand the Routing and Remote Access option, select the server, and then highlight the IP Routing option. Right-click General and then click New Routing Protocol. In the Routing Protocols dialog box, select the IP protocol and then click Add.
Exam Questions | 1. | You are a network engineer for Golden Eagle Airlines, a regional airline. You are in the process of migrating from a Novell NetWare network and have configured a Windows Server 2003 server as a router. One of the Novell NetWare servers had been acting as the building router previously. You have three LAN segments connected to the server. Each segment has a Class C IP address range associated with it, and you have configured the appropriate route commands to add the network entries to the routing table. You have set the subnet mask as 255.255.255.0, and you have not configured a default gateway for the router. What will happen when a packet arrives for a route that has not been configured on the router? 
| A. | The packet will be routed through the first segment that was configured on the router. |
| B. | The packet will be routed through all segments configured on the router. |
| C. | The router will use an ARP broadcast to resolve the address so that it knows how to route it. |
| D. | The packet will be dropped by the router. |
| | 2. | You are the network administrator of Bombastic Publishing, a medium-sized publishing company. You are receiving calls from people at the help desk, indicating that they cannot get access to the server. You check into it and determine that you cannot ping the server across the router. You check the router, and the services seem as though they are started and running fine. You would now like to check the routing tables. Which utilities can you use to determine what the routing tables contain? (Choose all that apply.)
| A. | The Routing and Remote Access console |
| B. | The route command |
| C. | The tracert command |
| The arp command |
| | 3. | You are the network administrator for Zanzibar Enterprises, a large manufacturing company. The company headquarters has a multioffice campus location with a large, complex network. The network uses RIP to provide routing information throughout the campus as well as to 30 remote sales offices, connected via T-1 WAN connections. The company just added four more buildings to the headquarters campus, resulting in a major expansion of the network. While you are in the process of adding the additional routers needed to connect the new network segments, users indicate that they cannot reach some segments on the network. A quick test of the new routers shows that they are routing, but a more in-depth review of the network shows that some of the routers do not have any information about other routers in the network. What could be the problem?
| A. | RIP is not propagating information. |
| B. | RIP cannot support more than 15 hops. |
| C. | RIP is suffering from a count-to-infinity problem. |
| D. | The routers that are not reachable are not functioning properly. |
| | | | 4. | You are a system administrator for Belmont Technical College, which has a campus network that is very large and growing. You are in the process of reengineering the network, and you remove some segments from the overall network topology. Your network makes use of RIP to route information throughout the infrastructure. Users indicate that they cannot reach some segments on the network. As you investigate the problem, you determine that some of the routers do not have any information about other routers in the network. What could be the problem? (Choose all that apply.)
| A. | RIP is not propagating information. |
| B. | RIP cannot support more than 15 hops. |
| C. | RIP is suffering from a count-to-infinity problem. |
| D. | The routers that are not reachable are not functioning properly. |
| | 5. | You are a technical architect for Little Faith Enterprises, a venture capital company. The headquarters office has a local network with several network segments. A host on one segment needs to send data to a host on the same segment. What methods will the host use to reach the other host? (Choose all that apply.)
| A. | The host will query DNS for the address of the host and will use the address it obtains to reach the host. |
| B. | The host will use ARP to determine how to send to the other host on the network. |
| C. | The host will send the information to the router, which will, in turn, send it to the host. |
| D. | The routers will broadcast the information on the local segment to the destination host. |
| | 6. | You are a help desk agent for Mount Abora Consulting, a managed services outsourcing company. You receive a call from a customer who is having a problem while trying to transfer information from her computer to another computer by using a custom-written application. The transfer keeps failing. You check into the problem and determine that the two hosts are on separate network segments. You check the configurations of each computer and find that each appears to be configured correctly. You do initial testing by pinging between the systems, which works as it should. You need to do some more advanced troubleshooting, including examining the actual traffic between the two hosts. What tool can you use to do more detailed testing?
| A. | Network Monitor |
| B. | Performance Monitor |
| C. | System Monitor |
| D. | SNMP |
| | | | 7. | You are the lead technician for Dulcimer Music, a manufacturer of studio-quality recording equipment. The company has four locations connected by a WAN. There is one location in Toronto, there is one in New York, and there are two locations in Los Angelesthe headquarters and the main studio. The central Information Services department is located in Toronto, and the network is configured with high-speed T-3 connections from Toronto to all locations. The Los Angeles headquarters location also has a router set up with a connection to Toronto and another ISDN connection to the Los Angeles studio location. Your users in the headquarters communicate with application servers in the studio location on a regular basis. The company uses RIP. When routing traffic, which route will the traffic take, based on the information provided?
| A. | The traffic will be routed through Toronto to the Los Angeles studio location. |
| B. | The traffic will be routed directly to the Los Angeles studio location. |
| C. | The traffic will be load balanced both through Toronto and directly to the Los Angeles studio location. |
| D. | The traffic will take the least congested route toward the Los Angeles studio location. |
| | 8. | You are the network architect for Blue Moon Recordings, a small recording company. The company has four remote offices, and you have been asked to network the remote offices with the headquarters location. You have decided to use RIP as the routing protocol for the new network. Which of the following are benefits of using RIP in this environment? (Choose all that apply.)
| A. | High overhead |
| B. | Low maintenance |
| C. | Fast convergence |
| D. | Ease of configuration |
| E. | Scalability |
| | 9. | You are the network administrator of the Genie in a Bottle screensaver company. The company has a large corporate network that is using OSPF as the routing protocol. The company was just acquired by a competitor that is also using OSPF to route within its network. You are charged with bringing the two networks together, and you establish a virtual link with the other network. However, the virtual link is not forming. What could be the problem? (Choose all that apply.)
| A. | The router on the other side has been set up to filter routes, and therefore the virtual link will take time to be established. |
| B. | The password for each of the two routers is different. |
| C. | The router interfaces on each router are set to different connection speeds. |
| D. | The router is configured with a hello interval that is different from the other router's. |
| | | | 10. | You are an information technology manager with the Howl at the Moon Karaoke Company, the largest karaoke bar franchising company in the world. The company has a large corporate network that is using OSPF as the routing protocol within the environment. You have partitioned the network into several areas, with each area having a single router connected to the backbone. You are tuning performance and would like to ensure that as little routing traffic as possible is broadcast onto the network. What is the best method of doing this?
| A. | Configure each area as a stub area and have each area router specify a default route. |
| B. | Configure each area router to distribute external routes only on startup. |
| C. | Configure each area as a transit area and have each area router specify a default route. |
| D. | Configure each area router to implement external route filters. |
| | 11. | You are the network architect for the Really Big Soft Drink Company, a large beverage distribution company. The company has 74 remote offices, with offices on every continent except Antarctica, and you have been asked to network the remote offices with the headquarters location. You have decided to use OSPF as the routing protocol for the new network. Which of the following are benefits of using OSPF in this environment? (Choose all that apply.)
| A. | High network overhead |
| B. | Low maintenance |
| C. | Fast convergence |
| D. | Ease of configuration |
| E. | Scalability |
| | 12. | You are the information technology manager for Alph Construction. The company has four remote sites, and you are recommending to the CIO that the company use Windows Server 2003 servers as routers to connect the branch offices to the central office. Which of the following are reasons to use Windows Server 2003 servers as the routers for this implementation? (Choose all that apply.)
| A. | Ease of use |
| B. | Broad protocol support |
| C. | Scalability |
| D. | Low cost |
| E. | Slower performance |
| | | | 13. | You are the lead network engineer for White Clouds Airlines. The company has 55 offices, located throughout the United States, all connected to the corporate WAN with a mixture of hardware routers and Windows Server 2003 servers running RRAS for routing. The network is configured to use a mix of RIPv1 and RIPv2. You notice that routing tables have improper routing information. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?
| A. | RIPv2 routers are configured to multicast announcements. Multicast RIPv1 and RIPv2 announcements are never received by RIPv1 routers. |
| B. | RIPv2 routers are configured to multicast announcements. Multicast announcements are never received by RIPv1 hosts. |
| C. | By default, RIP is not configured to propagate host or default routes. |
| D. | On a network of this size, you must use OSPF to ensure that hardware and software routers have the correct routing table information. |
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Answers to Exam Questions | 1. | D. By default, if a default gateway is not configured, the router drops the packet and sends an ICMP message back to the host, indicating that the destination host is unreachable; therefore Answers A, B, and C are all incorrect. For more information, see the section "Introduction to IP Routing." | | 2. | A, B. The two utilities that can be used to check routing tables are the RRAS administration tool and the route command. You use the print option to display the existing routes. The tracert command is used to determine reachability through the network; thus Answer C is incorrect. The arp command is used to display the IP-to-physical address table; thus Answer D is incorrect. For more information, see the section "Using the route Command to Configure Static Routes." | | 3. | B. By default, the maximum number of hops between routers is 15. Given the scenario presented, this is the most likely cause of the problem because you tested the routers when you installed them; therefore Answers A and D are incorrect. The count-to-infinity problem occurs only when a segment is removed from the network; thus Answer C is incorrect. For more information, see the section "Routing Protocols." | | 4. | B, C. In this scenario, segments are being removed from the overall network; nothing is noted about routers or segments being added. This indicates that the problem could indeed be a count-to-infinity problem; therefore, Answer C is correct. Because infinity is 15 hops, Answer B is also correct. Since some routers have correct information, it is not likely that RIP is not functioning, nor is it likely that the routers are not functioning; thus Answers A and D are incorrect. For more information, see the section "Routing Protocols." | | 5. | A, B. To send to a destination host on the local segment, the sending host must first determine the network address from the hostname. To do this, it queries DNS to resolve the name to an IP address. The host then queries its local ARP table to see if it has a MAC address for the IP address. The host then sends a directed broadcast of the information to the destination host; thus Answers C and D are incorrect. For more information, see the section "Host Routing." | | | | 6. | A. To further check what might be going on between the two machines, you need to use Network Monitor. Performance Monitor is used for gathering statistics about the performance of a machine; thus Answer B is incorrect. System Monitor is a tool that is available on Windows 95/98 and provides similar information to Performance Monitor for monitoring performance; thus Answer C is incorrect. SNMP is used for managing and configuring network devices; thus Answer D is incorrect. For more information, see the section "Using Network Monitor." | | 7. | B. The traffic will be routed directly to the Los Angeles studio location. RIP routes traffic on a least-cost basis. Because there was no mention of costs being assigned to each of the segments, the cost will default to 1 for each segment. Routing through the Toronto location would incur a total cost of 2 hops, even though that is probably the fastest path to the Los Angeles studio location, given the line speed; thus Answers A, C, and D are incorrect. For more information, see the section "Working with RIP." | | 8. | B, D. Benefits of RIP include low maintenance and easy configuration. High overhead is a characteristic of RIP, but it is not a benefit; therefore, Answer A is incorrect. Answers C and E are characteristics of OSPF, not of RIP. For more information, see the section "Dynamic Routing." | | 9. | B, D. To establish a virtual link between the two organizations, it is necessary to ensure that the password, the hello interval, and the dead interval are configured to be the same. If they are not configured this way, the virtual link will have trouble being established; therefore answers A and C are incorrect. For more information, see the section "Working with OSPF." | | 10. | A. A stub area contains a single entry and exit point. Routing to all-AS external networks in a stub area is done through a default route (destination 0.0.0.0, with network mask 0.0.0.0). To create the default route, the area border router of the stub area advertises a default route into the stub area. The default route is flooded to all the routers within the stub area but not outside the stub area. The routers within the area use the default route to route any addresses that are not reachable within the AS. There is no need for any of the other configuration options listed; thus Answers B, C, and D are all incorrect. For more information, see the section "Working with OSPF." | | 11. | C, E. Benefits of OSPF include fast convergence and superior scalability. High overhead is a characteristic of OSPF, but it is not a benefit; therefore, Answer A is incorrect. Answers B and D are characteristics of RIP, not OSPF. For more information, see the section "Dynamic Routing." | | 12. | A, D. Ease of use due to a consistent, familiar management interface and low cost are both benefits of using a Windows Server 2003 server as a router. Broad protocol support and scalability are both features of a hardware router, which is not limited by the hardware bus of the PC for interfaces, thus Answers B and C are incorrect. Although software routers are typically slower than hardware routers, that is not considered a benefit; thus Answer E is incorrect. For more information, see the section "Introduction to IP Routing." | | 13. | A. Multicast announcements from RIPv2 routers will never be received by RIPv1 routers. If you have a mixed environment of RIPv1 and RIPv2, you need to ensure that the routers configured with RIPv2 are using broadcast instead of multicast announcements; thus Answers B, C, and D are incorrect. For more information, see the section "Troubleshooting RIP Environments." |
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