Index_S

S

Safety

culture, 232

FMEA and, 106, 109

in service domain, 231, 232–48

Sample

concept, 26

plan, 213

size, 77

standard deviation, 72

survey, 212

Scoping the project, 33–34

Segmentation strategy, 26–27

Serviceability, 201

Service organizations. See Non-manufacturing

Setting functions, 101–2

Seven deadly sins, 17

Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, The (Covey), 228

Shareholder value, 46

Sharp EL-509S, 72

Shingo, Shigeo, 92, 107

Shogun, 222, 224

Sigma

comparing values, 39

metric, 241, 246–7

various definitions, 5

Signal

flow graphs, 210

to noise (S/N), 158

Simulation, 190–91

Single-point integrative characteristic, 126

Six sigma

academy, 4

capability in, 83–84

common formulas, 22

CTX and CTY trees in, 14

customers and, 16, 29–30

data collection, 16

and Deming's philosophy, 16–17

derailment factors, 9–10

DPMO in, 14

factors for projects, 15

formulas for, 11–13, 22

goals of, 3

hidden factory and, 12, 13

implementation, 9, 271–77

lean manufacturing and, 103–5

mindset for success, 2–3

methodology of, 3–4, 5

objectives, 2, 6–7, 233

origin of, 4–5

power of methodology, 154

quality needs, 17–21

responsibility levels, 7–8

robustness, 21

specific projects in, 14–15

standard of performance, 10

strategic planning, 17–21

tools, 148–50

See also Critical to quality (CTQ) Characteristics; DCOV model; DFSS model; DMAIC model; Roles and responsibilities; SIPOC model

SIPOC model, 13, 234

SKF (Sweden), 104

Snap-on Tools, 105

Software engineering, 210

Spare-part requirement, 200

Special (assignable) variation, 17–18, 34–35, 63

Specialized benchmarking, 48–49

Specified operating conditions, 193

Square root, 77

Standard

deviation, 5, 233, 264

deviation formulas, 82

deviation of measurement error, 90

operating procedures (SOPs), 41

Statistical

confidence, 60

decision theory, 145–46

tolerancing, 211

Statistical process control (SPC)

common cause changes, 108

control in, 54–55

corrective action, 92

in DMAIC model, 40

as FMEA impetus, 108

general formulas for, 79–82

implementation steps, 65–67

management's role in, 68–70

problems associated with, 71

process in, 54

special cause changes, 108

statistics in, 53–54, 71–78

See also Control; Frequency; Process; Variability

Statistics

business size and, 146–47

computers and, 146

in DCOV model, 190–91

deductive theory of, 145

descriptive, 140

industries used in, 146

inferential, 140, 141

mathematical, 140–43

meaning of, 140

parametric, 190

solving real problems, 147–48

theory of, 140, 145

uncertainty and, 141

Statistics for control charting

computing an average, 71–72

control limits, 74–78

range, 72

standard deviation, 72

STAT mode, 73, 74

Status survey, 212

Steering committee, 68

Strategic

planning, 17–21

thinking, 273

Structured inventive thinking (SIT), 157

Successive linear approximation method (SLAM), 191

Suh, Nam, 209

Supplier

and buyer relationship, 27

certification standards, 108

and customer relationship, 180

Supportability, 201, 203

Surveys, 28, 212–14

System

architecture, 196

effectiveness, 203, 204

System reliability. See Reliability

Systems thinking, 174