P

Paste Name box, 9

Paste Special, 97–101

operations and, 99–101

transposing data with, 98–99

payback period, calculating, 27–28

pdf. See probability density function

PERCENTILE function, 291

PERCENTRANK function, 291

PivotCharts, 310–311

changing type of, 318

PivotTables

blank rows, adding, 312

calculated fields in, 324–325

calculated items in, 326

compact form, 302

conditional formatting, 313–314

creating, 298–299

data analysis with, 315–321

data source, changing, 315

defined, 298

drilling down in, 327

Field list, displaying, 301

fields, expanding/collapsing, 304–305

fields, filtering, 306–309

fields, sorting, 306

formatting, 304

grouping data in, 317, 325–326

groups, disbanding, 326

layouts, 302

layouts, pivoting, 304

moving, 315

PivotChart summaries of, 310–311

Report Filter section, 311

for scenario summaries, 128

subtotals, hiding, 312

updating, 315

values, displaying as percentage of columns, 323

values, displaying as percentage of rows, 320

zones, 300–301

PMT function

arguments, 60–61

syntax, 60

verifying accuracy of, 247–249

point spreads, calculating, 253–256

POISSON function, 460

Poisson random variables

defined, 459

probabilities, computing, 460

uses for, 459

poker games, modeling, 503–505

portfolio insurance, 76

portfolio percentage return calculation, 75–76

positive correlations, 383. See also correlations

power curves. See also learning curve

equation for, 377

vs. exponential curves, 380–381

predicting cost as function of number of units produced with, 377

predicting sales as function of advertising expenditures with, 378

price elasticity of demand and, 550

properties of, 379

slope of, 377

PPMT function, 61–62

precedents

defined, 103

tracing, 105–106

tracing, in multiple worksheets, 106–107

predicting outcomes with Excel Solver, 253–256

presidential elections, predicting, 400–403

pricing products, 549, 559–561

bundling, 564–566

linear, 563

nonlinear, 563–564

two-part tariffs, 563, 566–569

printing comments, 507

pro forma statements

circular references and, 83

debt as plug in, 79–83

defined, 79

probability

of events with small probability in small time interval. See Poisson random variables

uncertain, estimating. See Monte Carlo simulation

probability density function, 447–448, 463–464

of Weibull random variable, 472

product development decisions. See capital budgeting

product mix problem, 221–228

products

bundling, 564–566

demand curves, calculating, 549, 555–556

demand curves, calculating without price elasticity, 559

demand curves, estimating, 550–552

elasticity of demand, 549–550

nonlinear pricing, 563–564

pricing, 549

quantity to reorder. See Economic Order Quantity formula

tie-ins, 555

when to reorder. See reorder point

profit

calculating number of units to sell, 120

calculating years before turning, 114–116

maximizing, 559–561

maximizing, with tie-ins, 555–558

projecting revenue, 114–116

projects, determining which to undertake. See capital budgeting

protecting formulas, 520–521

put options, 75, 513

cash flow, modeling, 514–515

parameters, changing, 518–519

parameters determining value, 515

PV function, 57–59

#per argument, 58

Fv argument, 58

pmt argument, 58

rate argument, 58

syntax, 57

type argument, 58