List of Tables

Chapter 2: How Good an Estimator Are You?

Table 2-1: How Good an Estimator Are You?

Chapter 3: Value of Accurate Estimates

Table 3-1: Project Outcomes by Project Size

Chapter 4: Where Does Estimation Error Come From?

Table 4-1: Estimation Error by Software-Development Activity

Table 4-2: Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements Commonly Missing from Software Estimates

Table 4-3: Software-Development Activities Commonly Missing from Software Estimates

Table 4-4: Non-Software-Development Activities Commonly Missing from Software Estimates

Table 4-5: Examples of Accuracy and Precision

Chapter 5: Estimate Influences

Table 5-1: Relationship Between Project Size and Productivity

Table 5-2: Productivity Rates for Common Project Types

Table 5-3: Ratio of High-Level-Language Statements to Equivalent C Code

Table 5-4: Cocomo II Adjustment Factors

Table 5-5: Cocomo II Adjustment Factors

Chapter 6: Introduction to Estimation Techniques

Table 6-1: Possible Entries in the "Applicability of Techniques in This Chapter" Tables

Chapter 7: Count, Compute, Judge

Table 7-1: Examples of Quantities That Can Be Counted for Estimation Purposes

Chapter 8: Calibration and Historical Data

Table 8-1: Example of Accounting for Diseconomies of Scale Informally—For Purposes of Illustration Only

Chapter 9: Individual Expert Judgment

Table 9-1: Example of Developer Single-Point Estimates

Table 9-2: Example of Individual Estimation Using Best Case and Worst Case

Table 9-3: Example of Individual Estimation Using Best Case, Worst Case, and Most Likely Case

Table 9-4: Checklist for Individual Estimates

Table 9-5: Table 9-5 Example of Spreadsheet for Tracking Accuracy of Individual Estimates

Chapter 10: Decomposition and Recomposition

Table 10-1: Example of Estimation by Decomposition

Table 10-2: Example Results of Estimation by Decomposition

Table 10-3: Generic Work Breakdown Structure for a Small-to-Medium-Sized Software Project

Table 10-4: Example of More Typical, Error-Prone Attempt to Estimate by Decomposition

Table 10-5: Example of Estimation by Decomposition Using Best Case, Expected Case, and Worst Case Estimates

Table 10-6: Percentage Confident Based on Use of Standard Deviation

Table 10-7: Example of Complex Standard Deviation Calculations

Table 10-8: Divisor to Use for the Complex Standard Deviation Calculation

Table 10-9: Example of Computing Standard Deviation Using a Divisor Other Than 6

Table 10-10: Example of Percentage-Confident Estimates Computed From Standard Deviation

Chapter 11: Estimation by Analogy

Table 11-1: Detailed Size Comparison Between AccSellerator 1.0 and Triad 1.0

Table 11-2: Computing Size of Triad 1.0 Based on Comparison to AccSellerator 1.0

Table 11-3: Final Computation of Effort for Triad 1.0

Chapter 12: Proxy-Based Estimates

Table 12-1: Example of Using Fuzzy Logic to Estimate a Program's Size

Table 12-2: Example of Creating Average LOC Numbers

Table 12-3: Example of Using Fuzzy Logic to Estimate Effort

Table 12-4: Example of Historical Data on Lines of Code per Standard Component

Table 12-5: Example of Using Standard Components to Create a Size Estimate

Table 12-6: Example of Reference Table for Standard Components

Table 12-7: Example of Using Standard Components to Create a Size Estimate

Table 12-8: Most Common Story Point Scales

Table 12-9: Example of List of Stories and Assigned Story Points

Table 12-10: Data from Iteration 1 and Initial Calibration

Table 12-11: Initial Projection for Remainder of Project

Table 12-12: Example of What Can Happen with a Numeric Scale That Isn't as Numeric as It Appears

Table 12-13: Example of Using T-Shirt Sizing to Classify Features by Business Value and Development Cost

Table 12-14: Net Business Value Based on Ratio of Development Cost to Business Value

Table 12-15: Example of Sorting T-Shirt Sizing Estimates by Approximate Net Business Value

Chapter 13: Expert Judgment in Groups

Table 13-1: Wideband Delphi Technique

Chapter 14: Software Estimation Tools

Table 14-1: Example of Project Effort Probabilities Computed by Estimation Software

Chapter 15: Use of Multiple Approaches

Table 15-1: Estimated Draft Pages in Code Complete Using Expert Judgment with Decomposition

Table 15-2: Estimated Draft Pages in Code Complete Using Outline Points and Historical Data

Chapter 16: Flow of Software Estimates on a Well-Estimated Project

Table 16-1: Example of Estimation History of a Project Estimated Using Single-Point Estimates

Table 16-2: Example of Estimation History of a Project Estimated Using Estimate Ranges

Table 16-3: Example of an Estimation Schedule for a Sequential Project

Chapter 17: Standardized Estimation Procedures

Table 17-1: Typical Product-Oriented Stage-Gate SDLC (Abbreviated Version)

Table 17-2: Typical Correspondence Between SDLC Gates and Estimates

Table 17-3: Example Standardized Estimation Procedure for Sequential Projects—Emphasis on Estimating Cost and Schedule

Table 17-4: Example Standardized Estimation Procedure for Iterative Projects—Emphasis on Estimating Features

Table 17-5: NASA SEL Estimation Procedure

Chapter 18: Special Issues in Estimating Size

Table 18-1: Multipliers for Computing an Unadjusted Function Point Count

Table 18-2: Example of Computing the Number of Function Points

Table 18-3: Programming Language Statements per Function Point

Table 18-4: Substituting GUI Elements for Function Points

Table 18-5: Techniques for Estimating Size

Chapter 19: Special Issues in Estimating Effort

Table 19-1: Examples of Productivity Variation Among Different Kinds of Software Projects (* = Estimated)

Table 19-2: Example of Past Project Productivities for Use as the Basis of an Effort Estimate

Chapter 20: Special Issues in Estimating Schedule

Table 20-1: Example of Past Project Efforts and Schedules for Estimating Future Schedules

Table 20-2: Example of Schedules Estimates Computed Using Informal Comparisons to Past Projects

Table 20-3: Exponents for Computing Schedules from Function Points

Table 20-4: Recommended Tradeoffs Between Effort and Schedule

Chapter 21: Estimating Planning Parameters

Table 21-1: Approximate Technical Effort Breakdown for Projects of Different Sizes

Table 21-2: Approximate Requirements-Effort Proportions for Projects of Different Sizes

Table 21-3: Approximate Management-Effort Proportions for Projects of Different Sizes

Table 21-4: Total Effort Breakdown for Projects of Different Sizes

Table 21-5: Approximate Adjustments in Activity Proportions Based on Kind of Project

Table 21-6: Example of Adjusting a Nominal Effort Allocation Based on Project Type

Table 21-7: Examples of Developer-to-Tester Ratios

Table 21-8: Approximate Schedule Breakdown At Different Project Sizes

Table 21-9: Approximate Schedule to Add for Requirements at Different Project Sizes

Table 21-10: Typical Defect-Production Rates by Activity

Table 21-11: Project Size and Error Density

Table 21-12: Defect-Removal Rates

Table 21-13: Example of Typical Defect Insertion and Defect Removal (Assuming a 1,000-Function-Point System)

Table 21-14: Example of Best-in-Class Defect Insertion and Defect Removal (Assuming a 1,000-Function-Point System)

Table 21-15: Example of a Risk Lists Table for Project Schedule Risks

Table 21-16: Example of a Risk Lists Table for Project Schedule Risks

Chapter 22: Estimate Presentation Styles

Table 22-1: Example of an Estimate With Risk Quantification

Table 22-2: Example of a Confidence-Factor Estimate

Table 22-3: Example of Case-Based Estimates

Table 22-4: Example of Case-Based Estimates for Features

Chapter 23: Politics, Negotiation, and Problem Solving

Table 23-1: Ten Key Characteristics of Software Executives

Table 23-2: Planning Options That Might Help Break a Discussion Deadlock