Object class, 229
Object type, 51
object-oriented Managed C++, 105–168
abstract classes, 162–165
applying objects to software development, 108–109
class declarations and object instantiation, 119–124
overview, 119
pinning pointers, 121–122
pointer to objects, 120
references to objects, 122–124
declaring managed classes and structs, 110–119
_gc and _nogc keywords, 113–115
inheriting classes, 116–118
overview, 110
private, public, and protected member access modifiers, 110–113
sealed classes, 118–119
encapsulation, 106
inheritance, 107
interfaces, 165–168
member methods, 126–145
destructors, 132–134
managed class constructors, 129–130
managed operator overloading, 140–145
method overloading, 138–139
overview, 126–127
static, 128–129
static class constructors, 131
virtual methods, 134–138
member properties, 145–156
array properties, 151–152
indexed properties, 153–156
overview, 145
scalar properties, 145–149
static properties, 149–150
member variables, 124–125
static, 125
syntax for, 124–125
nested classes, 156–160
about, 156
accessing, 159
sample listings, 157–158
overview, 105
polymorphism, 107
type casting between classes, 160–162
objects
applying to software development, 108–109
boxed
as copy of value types, 62
modifications to, 62
class declarations and object instantiation, 119–124
pinning pointers, 121–122
pointer to objects, 120
references to objects, 122–124
late-binding, 866–869
references to, 122–124
ODBC managed provider, 623
OLE DB managed provider, 623
OnLoad() method, 741–742
OnPaint method
"Hello, World!" using, 533–534
PaintEventHandler vs., 533–537
placing, 535–537
OnPaintWhere.exe file, 536–537
OOP. See object-oriented Managed C++
opening
databases, 626–627
files, 346–347
Server Explorer, 609–610
operator overloading, 142–143, 144–145
operator precedence
arithmetic, 75
bitwise, 79–80
comparison and logical, 78
summary chart of, 84–85
OperatorOverload.exe file, 143
OperatorOverloadMixed.exe file, 145
operators
Managed C++, 76–85
address of and indirection, 83–84
arithmetic, 76–77
assignment, 81–83
bitwise, 79–80
comma, 81
comparison and logical, 77–78
conditional, 80–81
Managed C++ operators supported by CLS, 140–141
managed class pointers with infix, 143
summary chart of precedence, 84–85
optimizing GDI+, 589–592
Oracle managed provider, 623
Output window, 261
overloading
functions, 100–101
managed operator, 140–145
method, 138–139
operator, 142–143, 144–145