Conventions Used in This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

The following is a list of the typographical conventions used in this book:

Italic

Is used for file and directory names, command names, command-line options, email addresses and pathnames, usernames, hostnames, site names , and all new terms.

Constant Width

Is used in examples to show the contents of files or the output from commands, to indicate environment variables and keywords that appear in code, and for Emacs commands.

Constant Width Bold

Is used in examples to show commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user .

Constant Width Italic

Is used to indicate variable options, keywords, or text that the user is to replace with an actual value.

This icon designates a note, which is an important aside to the nearby text.

This icon designates a warning relating to the nearby text.

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless you're reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O'Reilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your product's documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: " Running Linux , Fifth Edition by Matthias Kalle Dalheimer and Matt Welsh. Copyright 2006 O'Reilly Media, Inc., 0-596-00760-4."

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above, feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.