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12.7 Summary

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12.7 Summary

In all engineering domains, standards have a long tradition. It is a common belief that standards can help improve life cycle processes, in product quality, development, and production efficiency. Further, standards are used as a means of communication between different stakeholders and between different tools.

This chapter has shown that many standards can be classified per engineering domain, per type of the process they cover, or per the technology they use or address. It is impossible to make a clear orthogonal classification, as they are often overlapping, and it is certain that the same standard can fall into several different categories. Many standards are closely related , and it is not seldom that some standards are the products of mergers, further evolvement, or the adaptation of old standards.

PDM uses and complies with many standards. STEP is a standard that is directly related to PDM. It provides the means to specify an information model in a standard way using EXPRESS language. STEP also includes a number of parts that apply in particular engineering domains or that provide support for different tools. Other standards extensively used by PDM are CM standards. These standards are also used by SCM, for process management only and not as directly integrated in the SCM tools. Most of the several SCM standards originate from CM standards. Probably, the most influential de facto standard for use of SCM is the CMM .. The CMM identifies SCM as one of the key process areas in the maturity of an organization for software development management. A special category of standards is related to technology. The standards from this category can be incorporated in the tools. Besides, certain parts of STEP, SGML, and even more so XML are used extensively by PDM and PDM-related tools.

We can expect many new standards related to system and software engineering in the future. The development of technologies and increasing competition will lead to the appearance of many new tools that need to interoperate . The requirements for interoperability and reduced development costs will increasingly demand the use of standards.



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References

[1] Leon, A., A Guide to Software Configuration Management , Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2000.

[2] Pandikow, A., A Generic Principle for Enabling Interoperability of Structured and Object Oriented Analysis and Design Tools , Ph.D. thesis, Linkping University, Linkping, Sweden, 2003.

[3] LKSoft Company, www.lksoft.com, 2003.

[4] National Institute of Standards and Technologies, “The STEP Project,” www.nist.gov/sc4/www/stepdocs.htm, 2003.

[5] SEI, “List of High Maturity Organizations,” www.sei.cmu.edu/cmm/high-maturity/HighMatOrgs.pdf, 2003.

[6] Paulk, M. C., et al., “Capability Maturity Model, Version 1.1,” IEEE Software , Vol. 10, No. 4, July 1993, pp. 18–27.

[7] Paulk, M. C., et al. (eds.), The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.

[8] Paulk, M. C., “Using the Software CMM in Small Organizations,” The Joint 1998 Proceedings of the Pacific Northwest Software Quality Conference and the Eighth International Conference on Software Quality , Portland, OR, October 13–14, 1998, pp. 350–361.

[9] Paulk M. C., ”Extreme Programmig from a CMM Perspective,” IEEE Software , Vol. 18, No. 6, November/December 2001, pp. 19–26.

[10] Capability Maturity Model Integration, 2002, www.sei.cmu.edu/cmm.

[11] U.S.A.F. Software Technology Support Center, “Mapping of CMMI-SE/SW Version 1.1 to and from SW-CMM Version 1.1,” www.stsc.hill.af.mil/consulting/cmmi/cmmiseswippdv11.pdf, 2003.

[12] Starbuck, R., “A Configuration Manager’s Perspective,” Cross Talk, The Defensive Journal of Software Engineering , July 2000, www.stsc.hill.af.mil/crosstalk/2000/07/starbuck.html .

[13] Ahern D., A. Clouse, and R. Turner , CMMI Distilled, A Practical Introduction to Integrated Process Improvement , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2001.

[14] On-line resources for markup-type languages, xml.coverpages.org, 2003.

[15] The World Wide Web Consortium, www.w3.org, 2003.

[16] www.xml.com/ webservices , 2003.



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