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In This Chapter

The three approaches to building Web services
- Turnkey application servers (hardware inclusive or packaged software development environments—both with value-added software that augments Web services application development)
- A la carte Web services tools/utilities (build-your-own Web services software development tools and utilities)
- Professional services firms

Key Insights

There are many sources of supply for Web services code, including application/integration server providers, raw protocols coupled with third-party point products, and professional services firms (that frequently provide experienced programmers and frequently use point products, application/integration servers, or their own products and methodologies).

If, having gained an understanding of the strategic implications and pitfalls of Web services technologies, you decide that now is the time for your enterprise to start experimenting with and prototyping Web services applications, then you may be asking yourself how to get started. This chapter explains where you can turn to obtain Web services products and services. The next chapter will provide you with a closer look (vendor by vendor) at the leading suppliers of these products and services.

How Do You Build/Acquire Web Services Applications? Three Approaches

At present there are three basic approaches to building/acquiring Web services based applications:

The first involves choosing a business partner (a systems/software supplier) that offers a turnkey application server platform tuned and optimized for the creation of Web services applications. Such platforms typically offer other software products that help developers and IS managers to
- Develop, present, and deploy applications.
- Manage, secure, and otherwise enhance systems infrastructure.
- Optimize business process flow, or resolve interoperability issues (such as messaging) with legacy or non-Web-services-enabled systems environments.
There are two classes of prospective application server business partners from which to choose : (1) those that offer a completely tuned application development environment, associated hardware, and professional services ; and (2) those that primarily focus on building robust application development environments and related infrastructure extensions (such as security and management), and that may also provide integrated value-added software , such as business process management, personalization, and the like). This second class of supplier may or may not actually sell systems hardware or provide related professional services.

A second approach involves purchasing or obtaining the individual tools and utilities that can help you build Web services applications a la carte (individually). In using this approach, an enterprise takes on much of the responsibility for integrating various application components . Additionally, should that enterprise want to further enhance its application server environment with business process management software or some other value-added software, it would have to find the appropriate software and potentially provide the integration work needed to integrate it with the source application server. An example of this approach is the use of certain open-source products to assemble your own Web services application development environment. For instance, the open -source Apache XML project provides various tools and utilities that can be used to help build XML Web services applications, as shown in the list below.

Sidebar 8-1
The XML Apache Project—Tools and Utilities That Can Be Used for Building Web Services

Xerces — XML parsers in Java, C++ (with Perl and COM bindings)
Xalan — XSLT stylesheet processors, in Java and C++
Cocoon — XML-based Web publishing, in Java
FOP — XSL formatting objects, in Java
Xang — Rapid development of dynamic server pages, in JavaScript
SOAP — Simple Object Access Protocol
Batik — A Java-based toolkit for Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
Crimson — A Java XML parser derived from the Sun Project X Parser.

Source : http://xml.apache.org/. Used by Permission.

A third approach is to work with professional service firms that offer Web services application development expertise.

A potential fourth approach is also expected to evolve over time. This approach will allow an enterprise to "farm-out" its entire IT infrastructure and Web services applications development to application solution providers (ASPs). The ASPs will assemble and run the enterprise's information infrastructure, using Web services to dynamically build the enterprise's application portfolio. In this case the ASP becomes a kind of professional services firm that develops applications as well as an outsourcer for designing, maintaining, and operating an enterprise's IT environment.

At this juncture no ASPs are positioned to offer this kind of comprehensive Web services portfolio development and outsourcing service, owing primarily to the relative immaturity of Web services today. (Web services are just not robust enough to base an entire business on.) Because of this immaturity, the marketplace is not yet ready to build businesses exclusively on a Web services application development model. But it is reasonable to extrapolate that in the future, as Web services mature and can be proven to be enterprise robust and capable of handling complex transactions in a secure fashion, the ASP market will come alive with Web services development and hosting offerings. Over time, ASPs will combine infrastructure and application deployment expertise to help enterprises build, deploy, and manage large portfolios of Web services applications.