Endnotes

1. A second edition, issued in October 2000, incorporates error corrections from the original February 1998 version.

2. "W3C Technical Reports and Publications," World Wide Web Consortium, 3 November 2000, www.w3.org/TR/.

3. Tim Berners-Lee with Mark Fischetti, Weaving the Web (NewYork: Harper Collins, 1999), pp. 44 “45.

4. We say "more or less recognized" because the leading browser makers have added their own features to HTML for competitive advantage.The Web Standards Project (www.webstandards.org) seeks to reduce or eliminate this variation.

5. xCBL business language specifications,Version 3.0, January, 2001, www.xCBL.org.The xCBL syntax is derived from SimplEDI, developed originally by a UN/EDIFACT working group .

6. Charles Goldfarb, "A Brief History of the Development of SGML," (SGML Users Group, 11 June 1990), www.sgmlsource.com/history/sgmlhist.htm.

7. Berners-Lee, p. 4.

8. Berners-Lee, pp. 16 “17.

9. Berners-Lee, pages 41 “42.

10. "Domain Stats", 4 November 2000, www.whois.net /, and Netcraft, www. netcraft .com/?host=codes.

11. "1.1, Origin and Goals," Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0,W3C Recommendation 10 February 1998, www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210.

12. "2.8, Prolog and Document Type Declaration," Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition),W3C Recommendation 6 October 2000, www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006.

13. The DOM applies to more than XML documents.The discussion here focuses only on the DOM's XML aspects.

14. "Document Object Model Activity Statement," World Wide Web Consortium, 25 June 2001, www.w3.org/DOM/Activity.

15. David Megginson, "SAX: History and Contributors" (undated), www.megginson.com/SAX/SAX1/history.html.

16. David Megginson, "What is an Event-Based Interface?" (undated), www.megginson.com/SAX/event.html.

17. "The UNICODE Standard:A Technical Introduction," UNICODE Consortium, December 2000, www.UNICODE.org/UNICODE/standard/principles.html.

18. Note that XML documents don't require 16 bits per character, but can be stored in 8-bit configurations known as Unicode Transformation Format ( UTF-8 ).

19. Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems.

20. Sun Microsystems, Inc.,"About the Java Technology," The Java Tutorial, undated, http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/getStarted/intro/definition.html.

21. Jon Bosak, "XML, Java, and the future of the Web," 10 March 1997, www. ibiblio .org/pub/sun- info /standards/xml/why/xmlapps.htm.

22. Matthew Fuchs, "Why XML Is Meant for Java," Web Techniques, July 1999, www.webtechniques/1999/06/fuchs/. Reprinted in XML.com, 16 June 1999, www.xml.com/pub/a/1999/06/fuchs/fuchs.html.

23. "What are Style Sheets," World Wide Web Consortium, 13 July 2001, www.w3.org/Style/.

24. Matt Rotter, Charity Kahn, and Paul Anderson, "Get Started With Cascading Style Sheets: How Cascading Style Sheets Work," CNet Networks Inc., 2 November 2000, http://builder.cnet.com/webbuilding/pages/Authoring/CSS/.

25. Jan Egil Refsnes, "Introduction to XSL," XML101 (undated), www.xml101.com/xsl/xsl_intro.asp.

26. XML Path Language (XPath)Version 1.0,W3C Recommendation, 16 November 1999,World Wide Web Consortium, www.w3.org/TR/xpath.

27. XSL 1.0 became a recommendation of W3C in February 2001.

28. "Extensible Style Sheet Language (XSL)." W3C User Interface Domain,World Wide Web Consortium, 13 July 2001, www.w3.org/Style/XSL/.

29. A good resource for anything involving XSLT is the web site www.xslt.com.

30. Stephen Knilans, "Data Modeling Simplified: What Is Data Modeling?" 14 July 2001, Seasoned Software Inc., http://quick-tips.com/local-search/pages/Detailed/2750.html.

31. Karl E.Wiegers, "Listening to the Customer'sVoice," Process Impact, March 1997, www.processimpact.com/articles/usecase.html.

32. "ebXML Business Process Project Team" (undated), www.ebxml.org/project_teams/business_process/.

33. Alan Kotok, "Even More Extensible:An Updated Survey of XML BusinessVocabularies," XML.com, 2 August 2000, www.xml.com/pub/2000/08/02/ebiz/extensible.html.

34. Jan Egil Refsnes, "DTD-Elements," XML 101 (undated), www.xml101.com/dtd/dtd_elements.asp.

35. "3.3, Attribute List Declarations," Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition),World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation, 6 October 2000, www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml.

36. "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes," W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001, www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.

37. Jan Egil Refsnes, "DTD-Entities," XML 101 (undated), www.xml101.com/dtd/dtd_entities.asp.

38. OpenTravel Alliance Message Specifications ”version 2001A, www.opentravel.org/opentravel/Docs/OTA_v2001A.pdf.

39. "XML Schema," World Wide Web Consortium, 25 May 2001, www.w3.org/XML/Schema.

40. "World Wide Web Consortium Issues XML Schema as a Candidate Recommendation,"World Wide Web Consortium, 24 October 2000, www.w3.org/2000/10/xml-schema-pressrelease.

41. "XML Schema Part 1: Structures,"W3C Candidate Recommendation, 24 October 2000, www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/.

42. "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes," W3C Candidate Recommendation, 2 May 2001, www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-xmlschema-2-20001024/datatypes.html.

43. David R.R.Webber and Alan Kotok, "Less Is More in E-Business:The XML/edi Group," XML.com, 10 November 1999, www.xml.com/pub/a/1999/11/edi/index.html .

44. See www.oasis- open .org/ committees /relax-ng/.

45. "Namespaces in XML," World Wide Web Consortium, 14 January 1999, www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml- names /.

46. Alan Kotok, "Even More Extensible ”An updated survey of XML business vocabularies," XML.com, 2 August 2000, www.xml.com/pub/2000/08/02/ebiz/extensible.html.