Chapter 7

1. For the purposes of this book, the term "Black" seemed to be the most comprehensive designation for those who are dark- skinned and of African, Caribbean or American origin.

2. Jeffrey M. Humphreys, "The multicultural economy 2003: America's minority buying power", GBEC, vol. 63, number 2, Second Quarter 2003, Selig Center for Economic Growth at the University of Georgia, http://www.selig.uga.edu.

3. M. Isabel Vald s is recognized as the founder of the in-culture marketing movement. She is also the author of Marketing to American Latinos, a Guide to the In-Culture Approach , Part 2 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Paramount Market Publishing, 2002). Also see http://www.isabelvaldes.com.

4. Miki Turner, "The Dilemma of Aging", Fort Worth Star Telegram , February 9, 2003. Cited in Lisa Finn, editor, Marketing to Women newsletter (New York: EPM Communications, Inc.), April 2003, http://www.epmcom.com.

5. Angela Johnson, editor, Marketing to Emerging Majorities (New York: EPM Communications, Inc., October 2002), http://www.epmcom.com.

6. Ibid.

7. M. Isabel Vald s, Marketing to American Latinos.

8. Simmons Market Research, 2002, New York, http://www.smrb.com. Reported in Rebecca Gardyn and John Fetto, "Race, Ethnicity and the Way We Shop", American Demographics , February 2003.

9. Ibid.

10. Also see the AARP Spanish-language site, http://www.aarp.org/espanol.

11. Angela Johnson, editor, Marketing to Emerging Majorities.

12. Study by comScore Networks, 2003, reported in Internetretailer.com, http://www.internetretailer.com/dailyNews.asp?id=8869.

13. Angela Johnson, editor, Marketing to Emerging Majorities.

14. Simmons Market Research, 2002, New York, http://www.smrb.com. Reported in Rebecca Gardyn and John Fetto, "Race, Ethnicity and the Way We Shop", American Demographics , February 2003.

15. Study by comScore Networks, 2003, reported in Internetretailer.com, http://www.internetretailer.com/dailyNews.asp?id=8869.

16. Ibid.

17. Study in 2001 by Surveys Unlimited, a division of Horowitz Associates , Larchmont, N.Y., http://www.horowitzassociates.com.

18. Matthew Kinsman, "Invisible Giants", PROMO magazine (Stamford, CT), January 1, 2002, http://promomagazine.com/ar/marketing_invisible_giants/index.htm.

19. Simmons Market Research, 2002, New York, http://www.smrb.com. Reported in Rebecca Gardyn and John Fetto, "Race, Ethnicity and the Way We Shop", American Demographics , February 2003.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Deborah Kong, "Retirement Community Targets Asians", Associated Press, January 1, 2002. Cited in Angela Johnson, editor, Marketing to the Emerging Majorities.

23. Excerpt from Julia Huang and Lisa Skriloff, press release, Multicultural Marketing Resources, Inc., New York, N.Y., http://www.multicultural.com.

24. Ellis Close, "The Black Gender Gap", Newsweek , March 3, 2003.

25. Ibid.

26. Avis Thomas-Lester, "More Black Women Adopt A New Path To Families", The Washington Post , February 10, 2003.

27. Simmons Market Research, 2002, New York, http://www.smrb.com. Reported in Rebecca Gardyn and John Fetto, "Race, Ethnicity and the Way We Shop", American Demographics , February 2003.

28. Yoji Cole, "To Reach the African-American ConsumerGo To Church", DiversityInc (New Brunswick, NJ), December 17, 2001, http://www.diversityinc.com.

29. Kathy Bergen, "Black Papers Fight For Life", The Chicago Tribune , August 4, 2002.